copy the following onto nb p. 97

Copy the following onto NB p. 97.What role did each of these people or groups play in

the fight against slavery?• Quakers -• Benjamin Lundy -• Benjamin Banneker -• American Colonization Society -• William Lloyd Garrison -• Elijah P. Lovejoy -• Theodore Dwight Weld -• Sarah and Angelina Grimke -• John Quincy Adams -• Henry Highland Garnett -• Frederick Douglass -• Sojourner Truth -• Harriet Tubman -

Skip a line between each

name.

Lesson 14.4a: The Abolition Movement

Today we will identify major leaders of the abolition movement and their viewpoints.

Today’s Vocabulary

• identify – point out or describe• major – big or important• abolition movement – organized

effort to end slavery• viewpoint – how someone sees or

thinks about something

Check for Understanding• What does it mean to identify?• What was the abolition movement?• What is a viewpoint?

Before the early 1830s, slavery was discussed calmly.

Since slavery was banned in the North, most of the

early abolitionists

were southerners.

The first abolitionists were Quakers, who

believed that all people had the same

`spark of divinity,' making slavery

immoral.

Quakers were among the first to free their slaves. Some Quakers traveled the countryside urging

slave-owners to free their slaves.

In the 1820s, Benjamin Lundy also urged

southerners to free their slaves, and for the nation to help free

blacks move to Haiti, Canada or Texas (which was still part of Mexico).

Lundy tried to use persuasion on slave-owners rather than

attacks and condemnation.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

How did Benjamin Lundy work to end slavery?

A. Published an antislavery newspaperB. Introduced an Constitutional amendment

to abolish slaveryC. Supported the colonization movementD. Published a collection of newspaper

articles detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Tried to persuade slave-owners to free

their slaves voluntarily

What did the abolitionist efforts of Quakers and Benjamin Lundy have in

common?

A. Both published antislavery newspapers.B. Both helped runaway slaves escape to

the North.C. Both tried to persuade slave owners

rather than use violence or insults.D. Both spoke out publicly in speeches

against slavery.

Benjamin Banneker was a free black

born in Maryland.• A mathematician and

astronomer, he published an almanac that rivaled Franklin's for accuracy.

• John Adams cited Banneker's achievements as proof that intelligence is not a factor of skin color.

Later in life, Banneker

surveyed the District of

Colombia and contributed to the

design of the capital city.

He corresponded with Washington, Jefferson and others about the evils of slavery.

But because of the increasing profitability of cotton production, Banneker and the

Quakers were not able to influence many slave-owners.

How did Benjamin Banneker work to end slavery?


to abolish slaveryC. His accomplishments proved that blacks

were not inferior to whitesD. Published a collection of newspaper

articles detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Wrote Washington and Jefferson about

the evils of slavery

Write down the letter of every true response to this question!

In the 1820s, a large anti-slavery movement emerged, supported by southerners and

represented by organizations such as the American Colonization Society.

While those who believed in

colonization opposed slavery, they also believed

that blacks and whites could not live together in

harmony.

Therefore, while they urged slave-owners to free their slaves, they also raised money to pay for the

transportation of free blacks to West Africa.

President James Monroe, Chief Justice John Marshall and House Speaker Henry Clay were supporters of the

colonization movement.

For a time, even Southern slave-owners who rejected abolition often

supported colonization of free blacks.

By 1860, nearly 11,000 blacks had gone to

Liberia in West Africa, and helped found and

build that country.

But most blacks refused colonization, insisting that the U. S. was their home.

How did those who supported colonization work against slavery?

A. Helped runaway slaves escape to freedom.B. Tried to demonstrate how blacks and

whites could live side by sideC. Tried to find highly intelligent African

Americans to show that blacks were not inferior to whites

D. Raised money to send freed slaves back to Africa

William Lloyd Garrison was one of the most uncompromising

abolitionists of his day.

• He said slave-owners were evil and should not receive reimburse-ment for slaves freed by legislation.

• Abolition must be complete, immediate, and without compensation.

Garrison didn't care what other social or economic problems might be caused by

immediate emancipation.

• His words were so extreme and so harsh that he alienated many people who might otherwise have supported his cause.

In the South, Garrison was despised as one who encouraged slaves to revolt.

Copies of his antislavery

newspaper “The Liberator” were

banned, and a $5,000 reward was offered to

anyone who would capture Garrison and bring him to Georgia

to stand trial.

“I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I

will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . I will not

equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – and I WILL BE HEARD!”

-- William Lloyd Garrison

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14. How did William Lloyd Garrison work to end slavery?


to abolish slaveryC. Supported the colonization movementD. Published a collection of newspaper

articles detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Wrote Washington and Jefferson to urge

their support for abolition

Elijah P. Lovejoy was a

Presbyterian minister and editor of the

Observer, and his editorials

criticized slavery in very hostile

words.

• An angry mob broke into his printing office in 1837.

• They dumped his printing press into the Mississippi River, burned his office, and murdered him.

How did Elijah P. Lovejoy work to end slavery?

A. Published an antislavery newspaperB. Introduced an Constitutional amendment to

abolish slaveryC. Supported the colonization movementD. Published a collection of newspaper articles

detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Tried to persuade slave-owners to free their

slaves voluntarily

He tried to build a large antislavery

movement by appealing to the consciences of

Midwestern farmers and church groups.

A more successful abolitionist was Theodore Dwight Weld.

Weld especially focused on

southern accounts, in order to counter

southern claims that slave abuse

almost never occurred.

Weld published a collection of

newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery under the

title, “American Slavery As It Is.”

Sarah Grimke Angelina Grimke

Weld’s wife Angelina Grimke and her sister Sarah were from a slaveholding family in

South Carolina, but had been converted to abolition by Quakers.

Many conventional Americans were shocked by the idea of two women

speaking out publicly on any subject.

How did the Grimke sisters work to end slavery?

A. Published an antislavery newspaperB. Supported the ‘gag rule’C. Opposed the colonization movementD. Published a collection of newspaper

articles detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Made many public speeches against

slavery

Former President John Quincy Adams fought the ‘gag rule’ and supported Weld’s work.

• As a member of the House of Representatives, he read Weld’s antislavery petitions in Congress.

• He introduced a consti-tutional amendment to ban slavery throughout the United States.

Adams also took part in the Amistad case.

• African prisoners aboard the slave ship Amistad had rebelled, and seized the ship.

• Adams successfully argued their case in the U.S. Supreme Court.

• The Africans were granted their freedom and were allowed to return to Africa.

15. How did John Quincy Adams work against slavery in Congress?

A. Introduced the ‘gag rule’B. Introduced an amendment to abolish slaveryC. Defended the Amistad defendantsD. Published a collection of newspaper articles

detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Read antislavery petitions in Congress


In the North, free blacks could become involved in the abolition movement.

Some black abolitionists had once been slaves themselves, and could tell of slavery's horrors

based on personal experience.

Henry Highland Garnett and Frederick Douglass were rivals for black abolitionist leadership, and they

demonstrated the divisions within the movement.

Henry Highland

Garnett was the more

militant of the two, and as

early as 1843 was calling

for slaves to rise up

against their owners and

make themselves

free.

Garnett believed that any violence done by slaves in the act of freeing themselves was

justified on the grounds of self defense.

His stated belief was that it was

better to die free than live as

slaves.

Frederick Douglass was the best orator, black

or white, in the movement.

He had escaped slavery as a youth, taught himself to

read and write, and published his

Autobiography in 1845.

• Like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass published an antislavery newspaper, The North Star.

• He disagreed with Garnett on the role of violence in abolition, but not on the degrad-ations of slavery.

He worked tirelessly with white politicians

and social leaders throughout the 1840s and `50s, and beyond

the Civil War.

Until his death in 1895, Douglass spoke out on

behalf of black equality, the rights of working people, and

for the right of women to vote.

16. What were Frederick Douglass’ contributions to the

abolitionist movement?A. Published an autobiography about his life

as a slaveB. Encouraged slaves to rise up violently

against their mastersC. Made many public speeches against slaveryD. Sponsored an antislavery amendment in

Congress E. Published an antislavery newspaper


Black women such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman also played major roles in

the antislavery movement.

Sojourner Truth had been born a slave, and although

she was illiterate, Truth was a powerful

speaker who sometimes used songs

she had composed in her speeches.

Harriet Tubman was a runaway

slave from Maryland.

She aided the movement by working as a

‘conductor’ on the Underground

Railroad.

Some abolitionists helped slaves escape to freedom along the

Underground Railroad.• Neither a railroad nor underground• Informal network of abolitionists who

hid runaway slaves fleeing to Canada• Traveled secretly from house to house• Aided by ‘conductors’ (sympathetic

whites and free blacks) along the way

At the risk of her own freedom and safety, Tubman returned to slave states nineteen times to guide other blacks to freedom.

17. How did Sojourner Truth fight for abolition?

A. Published an autobiography about her life as a slave

B. Worked on the Underground Railroad to help runaway slaves escape to freedom

C. Encouraged slaves to rise up violently against their masters

D. Made many public speeches against slavery

E. Published an antislavery newspaper

18. How did runaway slaves escape to freedom on the Underground Railroad?

A. Worked as laborers on trains until they could escape to a free state

B. Dug tunnels for the railway as they waited for the right moment to escape

C. Moved from house to house at night, working their way north

D. Sneaked onto trains at night as their masters slept and fled to freedom

19. How did Harriet Tubman fight against slavery?

A. Read antislavery petitions in CongressB. Published an autobiography about her

life as a slaveC. Made many public speeches against

slaveryD. Worked on the Underground Railroad

to help runaway slaves escape to freedom

E. Published an antislavery newspaper

copy the following onto nb p. 97

Documents

free blacks

slavery immoral

benjamin lundy work

runaway slaves

slaves voluntarilywhat

early abolitionists

john adams

abolition movementtoday