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Superman is a fictional character, a superhero that appears in comic books published by DCComics , and is considered an American cultural icon .[1][2 ][3][4] Superman was created by writerJerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster , high school students living in Cleveland , Ohio, in 1933; thecharacter was sold to Detective Comics, Inc. (later DC Comics) in 1938 .[5][6] Superman firstappeared in Action Comics #1 (June 1938) and subsequently appeared in various radio serials,

television programs, films, newspaper strips , and video games. With the success of hisadventures, Superman helped to create the superhero genre and establish its primacy within theAmerican comic book .[1]

Superman's appearance is distinctive and iconic. He usually wears a blue costume, red cape , andstylized red-and-yellow "S" shield on his chest .[7][8 ][9] This shield is used in a myriad of media tosymbolize the character .[10]

The origin story of Superman relates that he was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton , before being rocketed to Earth as an infant by his scientist father Jor-El , moments before Krypton'sdestruction. Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farmer and his wife, the child is raised as

Clark Kent and imbued with a strong moral compass. Very early on he started to displaysuperhuman abilities , which, upon reaching maturity, he resolved to use for the benefit ofhumanity. Superman resides and operates in the fictional American city of Metropolis . As ClarkKent, he is a journalist for the Daily Planet , a Metropolis newspaper. Superman's primary loveinterest is Lois Lane and his archenemy is supervillain Lex Luthor .[11]

Superman has fascinated scholars, with cultural theorists , commentators, and critics alikeexploring the character's impact and role in the United States and worldwide. The character'sownership has often been the subject of dispute, with Siegel and Shuster twice suing for thereturn of legal ownership. Superman has been labeled as the greatest comic book hero of all time

by IGN , as the editors pointed out that Superman was the blueprint for superheroes as we know

them today .[12]

Contents 1 Publication history

o 1.1 Creation and conception o 1.2 Publication o 1.3 Influences o 1.4 Copyright issues

2 Fictional character biography o 2.1 Age and birthday o 2.2 Personality o 2.3 Other versions

3 Powers and abilities 4 Supporting cast

o 4.1 Enemies 5 Cultural impact

o 5.1 Inspiring a market o 5.2 Merchandising o 5.3 In other media

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eshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Copyright_issueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Copyright_issueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Fictional_character_biographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Fictional_character_biographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Age_and_birthdayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Age_and_birthdayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Personalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Personalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Other_versionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Other_versionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Powers_and_abilitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Powers_and_abilitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Supporting_casthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Supporting_casthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Enemieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Enemieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Cultural_impacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Cultural_impacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Inspiring_a_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Inspiring_a_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Merchandisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Merchandisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#In_other_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#In_other_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#In_other_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Merchandisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Inspiring_a_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Cultural_impacthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Enemieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Supporting_casthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Powers_and_abilitieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Other_versionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Personalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Age_and_birthdayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Fictional_character_biographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Copyright_issueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Influenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Publicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Creation_and_conceptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Publication_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-top_heroes-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-Comics_166-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Luthorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervillainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis_%28comics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powers_and_abilities_of_Supermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhumanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jor-Elhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton_%28planet%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_Supermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS18-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS18-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman_logohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS11-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_comic_bookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_striphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_Comics_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_Comicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-SteelRootsCle-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-SteelRootsCle-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clevelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Shusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Siegelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS11-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS11-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_iconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_bookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhero

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o 5.4 Musical references, parodies, and homages o 5.5 Literary analysis o 5.6 Critical reception and popularity o 5.7 Video games

6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links

Publication history

Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, then students at Cleveland's Glenville High School , first conceivedSuperman as a bald telepathic villain bent on world domination .[5][6] The character first appeared in "TheReign of the Superman ", a short story from Science Fiction: The Advance Guard of Future Civilization #3, a fanzine published by Siegel in 1933 .[6] Siegel re-envisioned the character later that year as a hero

bearing no resemblance to his villainous namesake, with Shuster visually modeling Superman on DouglasFairbanks Sr. and his bespectacled alter ego, Clark Kent, on a combination of Harold Lloyd [13][14] andShuster himself, with the name "Clark Kent " derived from movie stars Clark Gable and Kent Taylor .[15] Lois Lane was modeled on Joanne Carter, who later became Siegel's wife .[15] Comic strips such as Li'lAbner and Dick Tracy influenced its original artwork. [citation needed ] Siegel and Shuster then began a six-yearquest to find a publisher. Titling it The Superman , Siegel and Shuster offered it to Consolidated BookPublishing, who had published a 48-page black-and-white comic book entitled Detective Dan: SecretOperative No. 48 . Although the duo received an encouraging letter, Consolidated never again publishedcomic books. Shuster took this to heart and burned all pages of the story; the cover surviving only

because Siegel rescued it from the fire. Siegel and Shuster each compared this character to Slam Bradley , an adventurer the pair had created for Detective Comics #1 (March 1937) .[16]

Siegel, believing that Superman would not progress with Shuster, contacted artists Tony Strobl , Mel Graff, and Russell Keaton as potential collaborators on the strip .[17] Artwork produced byKeaton based on Siegel's treatment shows the concept evolving. Superman is now sent back intime as a baby by the last man on Earth, where he is found and raised by Sam and Molly Kent .[18] However, Keaton did not pursue the collaboration, and soon Siegel and Shuster were backworking together on the character .[17]

The pair re-envisioned the character, who became more of a hero in the mythic tradition, inspired by such characters as Samson and Hercules ,[19] who would right the wrongs of Siegel andShuster's times, fighting for social justice and against tyranny . It was at this stage the costumewas introduced, Siegel later recalling that they created a "kind of costume and let's give him a

big S on his chest, and a cape, make him as colorful as we can and as distinctive as we can. "[7] The design was based in part on the costumes worn by characters in outer space settings

published in pulp magazines , as well as comic strips such as Flash Gordon ,[20] and also partlysuggested by the traditional circus strong-man outfit, which comprised a pair of shorts worn over

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Musical_references.2C_parodies.2C_and_homageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Musical_references.2C_parodies.2C_and_homageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Literary_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Literary_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Critical_reception_and_popularityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Critical_reception_and_popularityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Video_gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Video_gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenville_High_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenville_High_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenville_High_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepathyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepathyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-SteelRootsCle-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-SteelRootsCle-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-SteelRootsCle-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reign_of_the_Supermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reign_of_the_Supermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reign_of_the_Supermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanzinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanzinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanzinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS13-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS13-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS13-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Sr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Sr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Sr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Sr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Lloydhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Lloydhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Lloydhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-BookTimes-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-BookTimes-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Gablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Gablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Gablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Taylorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Taylorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-torontostar1992-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-torontostar1992-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-torontostar1992-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-torontostar1992-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-torontostar1992-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-torontostar1992-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%27l_Abnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%27l_Abnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%27l_Abnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%27l_Abnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Tracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Tracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Tracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Dunnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Dunnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Dunnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Dunnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slam_Bradleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slam_Bradleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slam_Bradleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detective_Comicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detective_Comicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detective_Comicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS17-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS17-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS17-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Stroblhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Stroblhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Stroblhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-GJMT-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-GJMT-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-GJMT-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-GJMT-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-GJMT-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-GJMT-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herculeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herculeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TMOS-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TMOS-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TMOS-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS18-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS18-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS18-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_Gordonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_Gordonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS19-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS19-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS19-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS19-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_Gordonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS18-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TMOS-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herculeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-GJMT-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-GJMT-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Stroblhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS17-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detective_Comicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slam_Bradleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Dunnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Dunnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Tracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%27l_Abnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%27l_Abnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-torontostar1992-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-torontostar1992-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Taylorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Gablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-BookTimes-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Lloydhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Lloydhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Sr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Sr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-TCS13-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanzinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reign_of_the_Supermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reign_of_the_Supermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-SteelRootsCle-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#cite_note-SteelRootsCle-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepathyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenville_High_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Video_gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Critical_reception_and_popularityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Literary_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Musical_references.2C_parodies.2C_and_homages