coordinating unsubsidized
TRANSCRIPT
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COORDINATING UNSUBSIDISED
PRIVATE SECTOR SUPPLY
CASE STUDY OF BUENOS AIRES
PATRICIA BRENNAN
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BUENOS AIRES METROPOLITAN REGION
DEMAND EVOLUTION AN MODAL SPLIT
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION
HISTORIC EVOLUTION
BUS REGULATIONBUENOS AIRES METROPOLITAN REGION
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POPULATION
Areakm2
Population1991
Densityinhab/ km2
Federal District 200 2.961.000 14.800Great Buenos AiresFirst ring
3.680 7.950.000 2.160
Great Buenos AiresSecond ring
12.287 1.484 121
TOTAL 16.167 12.395 767
MOBILITY PATTERNS 1970 - 1995
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In 1970 : 9 million inhabitants performed 17.4 milliondaily trips
In 1991 : 12 million inhabitants performed 18 milliondaily trips
Between 1970 and 1991, population increased 37%
while trips volume raised only 3,7%
Estimated daily trips for 1995 are 18 million
MODAL SPLIT AND DEMAND EVOLUTION I
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Massive public transport trips represent 9,5 milliondaily trips:
20% for rail modes (railways and subways)80% for buses
Public modal share:
1970 : 67%1992 : 60%1995 : 53%
MODAL SPLIT AND DEMAND EVOLUTION I
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Fall in participation (1970-1995) differs amongtransport modes :
railways : - 7,7%buses : - 21,4%subway : - 20,3%
In contrast, raise in car ownership in the same period
is 121%
MODAL SPLIT EVOLUTION1970-1995
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MODES 1970 1992 1995
Buses 54.30 49.85 42.70Subway 5.40 3.62 4.30
Railways 7.00 6.37 6.46Cars 15.40 24.29 34.10Taxis 6.70 3.20 4.05
Others 11.20 12.67 8.40
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TRANSPORT SYSTEM I
Road Transport299 bus lines
25.000 km of routes200 bus enterprises15.000 vehicles
Railways7 main lines833 km of tracks, 18 % electrified
1 400 il
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TRANSPORT SYSTEM II
Taxis
40.000 taxis20.000 rented cars
Semi public transport2.200 authorized services
(contracted buses, charters, rentedbuses)
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INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION
Federal Government : part of theroad network (430 km), 145 bus lines
(10.000 vehicles), suburban railwaysand subway
Province of Buenos Aires : part of theroad network, 59 bus lines (3.000vehicles)
F d l Di t i t l l d
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MAIN INSTITUTIONAL DIFFICULTIES I
The institutional organization of the transport systemshows an atomization of the regulatory power indifferent jurisdictions acting in a not coordinated way
Transport agencies work independently in theoperation, administration, regulation and control ofthe transport system
MAIN INSTITUTIONAL DIFFICULTIES II
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The system is formed by different networks, withdifferent fare structure and levels of serviceresponding to each agency policy
For the operators, investments are difficult to plan
Fare integration systems are difficult to implement
MAIN INSTITUTIONAL DIFFICULTIES III
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The need to plan, regulate and control the transportsystem in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires with
a single jurisdiction sense has deserved, without anysuccess, the permanent attention of the authorities andexperts in the last decades
HISTORIC EVOLUTION I
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Before 1936 : tramways, subways and busescompetition. In 1928 appears the first colectivo
1936 - 1948 : urban transport operated by a privatecorporation with the control of tramway and subwayenterprises
1948 - 1960 : stated owned Transportes de BuenosAires (TBA) was the only operator of the system
HISTORIC EVOLUTION II
1960 - 1963 : tramway and bus systems were privatized
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Privatization process was by bidding where TBA
workers offered their work compensations to get thelines
Tramways were replaced by buses
State regulation was established by Presidential Decree
HISTORIC EVOLUTION III
1963 - 1997 : capital concentration process takes place.Less partners inside enterprises and less enterprises
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operating the services. This process is more intensive inthe last 5 years
1991 - 1995 : suburban railways and subwaysoperations were privatized
Some bus enterprises are partners of the suburban
railway and subway concessionaires
MAIN BUS TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS I
Frequencies are between 3 and 4 minutes in peakhours. All lines run 24 hours in the main route
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Minimun fare is U$S 0.65, maximun fare is U$S 1.35being the average fare U$S 0.85. Minimun salary is
U$S 500
Enterprises employ 3.5 people per vehicle. Each busruns 80.000 km per year. Every day 95% of the fleet ison service
MAIN BUS TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS II
Bus enterprises receive no subsidy
68% of the users think that the service is good or verygood. 71% of them think that fares are cheap or right
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Average size of the fleet by companie is 80 vehicles. In
general each enterprise has one line. There are twogroups that have 7 lines and more than 500 buses each
Bus network is highly dense and competitive betweenlines and enterprises
BUS REGULATION I
Government gives 10 years permits
Permits can be obtained by bidding process or bypermit renewal
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Entrance to the market is restricted and byGovernment decision
Minimun assets and infrastructure is required
BUS REGULATION II
Routes, number of vehicles per route and servicefrequencies are established
Types of services : common, high quality and express
High quality and express services are optional
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Fares are determined by Government (based on
distance). High quality services have free fare. Expressservices fares are 25 - 50% higher than fares ofcommon services
BUS REGULATION III
Vehicle technical aspects and age limit are establishedby laws
Vehicle technical inspection is required (each 6months)
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Special driving license for drivers is required (renewaleach 2 years)
Vehicle and passengers insurance are established
BUS REGULATION IV
Routes and vehicle number may change
To change routes, demand studies are needed
Benefits to users (i.e. savings in walking distances andtransport costs) are measured as well as loss inpassengers for the competitive lines
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Final analysis determines whether it is appropiate to
allow changes or not
CONTROL
A group of inspectors control either in the field or at
companies headquarters :
Frequencies
Routes
Vehicle technical standards
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Drivers behaviour
USERS COMPLAINTS
A toll free number is available for information andcomplaints
Claims give information for the control
Claims are classified and used for statistical purposes
Enterprises can also complain about competitivecompanies behaviour
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REGULATION STAFF
Permits regulation 15Control 30Vehicle regulation 8
Users complaints 8Driving license 5
Driving license exams and vehicle technical inspectionshave been privatized, being supervised by theGovernment
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