cooking with fire: dre solutions for family farming context …...2016/10/03 · edurne battista...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context in Argentina
Edurne BattistaNational Institute of Agriculture Technology - [email protected]
![Page 2: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contents
●Argentinean Family Farming context and national energy matrix
●Public Policies around RE solutions for this social actor
●The necessity of attend to real farmers demands
●Developing RE products trough out a participatory design process: the case of an improved biomass cookstove
●New challenges and questions for future inquiry
![Page 3: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Argentinean Family Farming context
● A country basically agro-based
● More than 335.000 agriculture exploitations
● Almost 70% occupied by Family Farming (FF)
● FF access to only 13% of the lands
(Font: INDEC 2002 / Obstchatko 2007)
![Page 4: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Energy matrix and access●More than 97% access to electrical grid
●A deeper definition about access encompass a set of minimum access to electricity and to a relatively clean, safe means of cooking (World Energy Outlook, 2015) Primary energy matrix (Energy Ministry, 2010)
NATURAL GAS
PETROLEUM
HYDRAULIC
![Page 5: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Real energy demand
●Over the last decade public policies in energy field aim to the “electrification” of the rural areas (DRE)
COOKING 33%
WATER HEATING 20% HEATING 16%
FOODREFRIGERATION 15%
OTHER 16%
●But farmers needs are related to functions that are not necessarily linked with electricity
●Question: electrification or energification of FF?
![Page 6: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why an improved cookstove?
● Bottled gas is the most common fuel off-the grid, BUT when farmers cannot afford its increasing price they turn to wood energy for cooking and water heating
● Practices around fire have a very long socio-technical trajectory (Garrido, 2010; Thomas, 2009)
![Page 7: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
A cookstove for Pampeana Region
●Studying 10 representative cases of the area, the design emerges as a response to satisfy energy demands of cooking, fostering a better manage of wood as a renewable resource.
Questions tackled:
●Which aspects are considerate to establish the design guidelines?
●How this aspects can turn into design criteria for the current cookstove?
![Page 8: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Methodology
1. Determining key aspects to establish the function of the device: 80% of the farmers interviewed farmers established cooking as the first wood usage
2. Analysis of the current equipment present in the households: including current equipment and its nature, classifying them in self-construction, adapted and bought
![Page 9: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Methodology
3. Analyzing social practices around fire
![Page 10: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Design criteria
1. Including the possibility of
moving the heater, regarding different
usage situations
2. Limiting fuel entrance, using it in a more efficient way (reducing the size of
the fuel)
3. Dimensioning the combustion
chamber to distribute the air
entrance
4. Placing the 9 liters pot inside the combustion chamber
![Page 11: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Testing the prototype: The Water Boiling Test (WBT)
● A simplified simulation of the cooking process.
● To measure how efficiently a stove uses fuel to heat water in a cooking pot
● Three phases: 1) The cold-start high-power phase to boil 5 liters of water 2) the hot-start high-power phase; 3) The simmer phase, boiling the water for 45 minutes
● Results: Rate of consumption around 0,7 kg/h
● Percent of heat utilized: 37%
![Page 12: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Testing the prototype with farmers
![Page 13: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Discussion and further activities
Dimensions:
1.Towards a P-SS Design approach in RE field: leading the creation of a manufacturer´s chamber (CAMAF) from prototypes to marketable products
2. Efficiency issue: aims to solve technical specifications that require creativity and involve a multidisciplinary approach
3. Participatory action methods enables to co-design products, looking for usability criteria
4. How to transform wood fuels into a real, safety and sustainable option
![Page 14: Cooking with fire: DRE solutions for Family Farming context …...2016/10/03 · Edurne Battista National Institute of Agriculture Technology - INTA battista.edurne@inta.gob.ar Contents](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081410/609e61db22acba364b47b63d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Thank you!
Edurne BattistaNational Institute of Agriculture Technology - [email protected]