Conventions in Audio Production and Post-production

Recording andPlayback formats

Recording is the process of capturing data or translating information to a recording format that is stored on some storage medium such as tape or disc. It is often referred to as a record or a recording.

Linear and non-linearRecording systems

Linear audio editing is a post-production process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sound in a ordered sequence. Linear audio is a compressed format making it easier for rapid file transfer to your contractor.

Non linear editing is a process that allows you to access any frame in a clip regardless of sequence in the clip. non linear gives the freedom to access any frame ,and use a cut and paste method and allows you too easily include video transition and effects such as transitions, fades and colour effects which can not be done in linear editing.

Recording LocationIn terms of where you want to record, you need to take into account the following: • Background noise – if you want to record a direct sound such as a window smash or a pen click, you don’t really want to have any unwanted noise also known as background noise. • Isolating your object• Microphone positions

When you position your microphone, you want the sound to be as professional as possible. So when you record someone speaking to the camera, you will want to cut down the background noise by using a boom mic that you will raise as high as possible but as close as you can get to the actor who is speaking. To adhere to continuity, you will want to keep the boom mic from being seen in the shots keeps audiences in the reality of the film.

Audio is recorded in a different process than visuals. They are both not recorded on the same camera but different ones that are suited specifically for visuals and sound.

Clapperboards are used to synchronise the sound with the visuals during post production.

Sequences

A sequence is a series of tracks that are connected and edited together to create a project soundtrack or a backing track.

PRODUCTION ROLES

Sound Designer - The Sound Designer interprets the requirements of a production in terms of sound collection. Sound Supervisor - The Sound Supervisor oversees the sound post-production process of a recording creatively and managerially Production Sound Mixer - Production Mixers record sound on location or in a studio, They will monitor the recorded sound through headphones and will work closely with the Sound Editor to ensure that the highest quality sound recording is produced. Sound Technician - Sound Technicians assemble, operate and maintain technical equipment to amplify, enhance, record, mix or reproduce sound.

Recording effects

There are several effects used in audio production that help in creating various elements including:• Phase is a term used to describe the position of one sound wave relative to another.• Flange is an audio effect that is produced when 2 signals, which are identical are mixed together but with one signal delayed less than a second.• Distortion is where the effects create warm, fuzzy and dirty sounds by compression and adding overtones. 2 of the distortion effects are fuzz and overdue.• Compression is where all the sounds are at average volume instead of some sounds being too quiet or too loud. Compression helps make those sounds into an average volume.• EQ is where you choose certain frequencies on the wavelength that you want to keep or want to cut.Altering sounds help make them slightly more professional and suitable for certain productions.

File transfer & Transfer bays

File transfer is the name for the act of transmitting files from one computer to another or to the internet. File transfer helps when you want to edit a project from one computer to another. Some films and audio production will do file transfer in case the computer it is stored on crashes. This file is a backup.

Integrated serviceDigital network

(ISDN)ISDNIntegrated Services Digital Network is what ISDN stands for. It is an international communications network for sending voice, Video and data over the PSTN (public switched telephone network).

Services such as Dropbox allow people to transfer files online with unlimited storage space.

CONTRACTSSynchronisation rightsIn recording contract when the recording artists music is synchronised to a video(for example ,music video,film,advertisment) the record company like Sony or BMG music can receive all the money from those products if the contract states the record label have gained the synchronisation rights.

COPYRIGHT &LEGAL ISSUES

• What copyright exists in music?

There are principally 2 types of copyright to consider when we talk about music copyright.The traditional ©, ‘C in a circle’ copyright, applies to the composition, musical score, lyrics, as well as any artwork or cover designs, as all of these are individually subject to copyright in their own rights. You would however be justifiably annoyed if someone else simply copied your recording and started selling it themselves. This is where the copyright in the sound recording comes into play.

• Using the work of others If you use samples of music by other authors in your work, ensure that you get permission to use the work before you attempt to publish or sell your work. Similarly, if you use loops or samples available via sample collections etc. ensure that these are licensed as free to use, or obtain permission first.

Profanity & Blasphemy

Profanity is a show of disrespect, of a product whether it’s someone or something.

Blasphemy is the act of insulting or showing contempt for God.

Blasphemy has been shown in several films such as Monty Python’s ‘Life of Brian’ that have shown signs of blasphemy including the protest of Christianity.

The use of profanity in films has always been controversial, but has increased significantly in recent years. In several films such as Pulp Fiction and Super bad have used several abusive worlds that has drawn criticism.

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