Contraceptive Contraceptive MethodsMethods

Abstinence Abstinence

100% Effective!!!100% Effective!!! No pregnancy scaresNo pregnancy scares No STD scaresNo STD scares

Barrier MethodsBarrier Methods

SpermicidesSpermicides CondomCondom Female CondomFemale Condom DiaphragmDiaphragm Cervical CapCervical Cap Contraceptive SpongeContraceptive Sponge

Spermicide/Contraceptive Spermicide/Contraceptive FoamFoam

Foam inserted into vagina destroying Foam inserted into vagina destroying sperm and blocks fluids from entering the sperm and blocks fluids from entering the cervixcervix

Adv: buy over the counter, can be put in Adv: buy over the counter, can be put in up to 20 min. before up to 20 min. before intercourse intercourse

Dis: can be irritating, Dis: can be irritating, messy, no protection messy, no protection against STDagainst STD’’ss

Effectiveness: 94%/85%Effectiveness: 94%/85%

Spermicide (foam)Spermicide (foam)

Cream, gel, foam, film, Cream, gel, foam, film, and suppositoriesand suppositories

Most spermicides Most spermicides contain nonoxynol-9, a contain nonoxynol-9, a chemical that kills chemical that kills sperm. sperm.

Spermicides can be used Spermicides can be used alone but are more alone but are more effective when used with effective when used with another method of birth another method of birth control such as a control such as a condom or diaphragm. condom or diaphragm.

74% Effective74% Effective

CondomCondom

Latex/natural/plastic membranes Latex/natural/plastic membranes sheath which holds ejaculated fluidssheath which holds ejaculated fluids

Adv: protects against pregnancy and Adv: protects against pregnancy and STDSTD’’s, inexpensives, inexpensive

Dis: Does NOT protect against ALL Dis: Does NOT protect against ALL STDSTD’’s, holes can produce, must s, holes can produce, must pull out right after pull out right after ejaculationejaculation

Effectiveness: 97%/86%Effectiveness: 97%/86%

Thin Rubber or Thin Rubber or latexlatex

86-90% Effective86-90% Effective Can break or slip Can break or slip

offoff One-time useOne-time use

Female CondomFemale Condom

Thin, plastic sheath inserted into the Thin, plastic sheath inserted into the vaginavagina

Adv: no prescription needed, can put Adv: no prescription needed, can put in hours before intercoursein hours before intercourse

Dis: can be hard to Dis: can be hard to use, expensive, difficult use, expensive, difficult to find at most stores to find at most stores

Effectiveness: 95%/79%Effectiveness: 95%/79%

Female CondomFemale Condom

79-95% Effective79-95% Effective One-time useOne-time use Can breakCan break Incorrect use Incorrect use

decreases decreases effectivenesseffectiveness

VCF-vaginal contraceptive VCF-vaginal contraceptive filmfilm

22””x2x2”” thin sheet with a chemical that thin sheet with a chemical that kills sperm-dissolves when placed in kills sperm-dissolves when placed in cervixcervix

Adv: simple, no mess, no prescription, Adv: simple, no mess, no prescription, may be used with condomsmay be used with condoms

Dis: no proof against STDDis: no proof against STD’’ss

Effectiveness: 94%/84%Effectiveness: 94%/84%

DiaphragmDiaphragm

Rubber disc inserted into the vagina to Rubber disc inserted into the vagina to block sperm from getting into the cervixblock sperm from getting into the cervix

Adv: can be inserted prior to intercourse, Adv: can be inserted prior to intercourse, no messno mess

Dis: requires seeing a Dr. (must be Dis: requires seeing a Dr. (must be measured for it), it can measured for it), it can tear, increases risk of tear, increases risk of infections for females infections for females

Effectiveness: 94%/86%Effectiveness: 94%/86%

Diaphragm/ Cervical CapDiaphragm/ Cervical Cap

Dome-shaped latex Dome-shaped latex cup stretched over cup stretched over a flexible ring; a flexible ring; inserted into vaginainserted into vagina

Must be fitted by Must be fitted by health professionalhealth professional

Increase risk of Increase risk of bladder/urinary bladder/urinary infectionsinfections

Contraceptive SpongeContraceptive Sponge

Soft, disposable foam sponge containing Soft, disposable foam sponge containing spermicide inserted into vagina and covers spermicide inserted into vagina and covers cervixcervix

Adv: inexpensive, can be used up to 30 Adv: inexpensive, can be used up to 30 hrs.hrs.

Dis: can be difficult to insert and remove, Dis: can be difficult to insert and remove, must be left in for 6 hrs. after must be left in for 6 hrs. after intercourse, NO protection intercourse, NO protection against STD against STD’’ss

Effectiveness: 89%/84%Effectiveness: 89%/84%

Hormonal MethodsHormonal Methods

Birth Control PillsBirth Control Pills Hormone InjectionHormone Injection Hormone PatchHormone Patch Vaginal Contraceptive RingVaginal Contraceptive Ring

The PillThe Pill

Hormones keep egg from being releasedHormones keep egg from being released Adv: lowers , regulates period, lowers risk Adv: lowers , regulates period, lowers risk

of cancers, improves acneof cancers, improves acne Dis: must take pill daily, can cost a lot of Dis: must take pill daily, can cost a lot of

money (if not covered by health money (if not covered by health insurance), NO protection from STDinsurance), NO protection from STD’’s, s, have to go through at least 1 cycle for it to have to go through at least 1 cycle for it to be effectivebe effective

Effectiveness: 99%/94%Effectiveness: 99%/94%

Birth Control PillBirth Control Pill a daily pill that contains the a daily pill that contains the

hormones estrogen and hormones estrogen and progesterone that prevent progesterone that prevent pregnancypregnancy

Most combination pills come Most combination pills come in either a 21-day pack or a in either a 21-day pack or a 28-day pack. One hormone 28-day pack. One hormone pill is taken each day at pill is taken each day at about the same time for 21 about the same time for 21 days days

Over the course of 1 year, 5 Over the course of 1 year, 5 to 8 out of 100 typical to 8 out of 100 typical couples who rely on the Pill couples who rely on the Pill to prevent pregnancy will to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental have an accidental pregnancy. Of course, this is pregnancy. Of course, this is an average figure and the an average figure and the chance of getting pregnant chance of getting pregnant depends on whether you depends on whether you take your birth control pills take your birth control pills every day. The Pill is an every day. The Pill is an effective form of birth effective form of birth control, but even missing 1 control, but even missing 1 day increases the chance of day increases the chance of getting pregnant.getting pregnant.

Depo ShotDepo Shot

Hormone injection, lasts 3 months, stops Hormone injection, lasts 3 months, stops ovaries from releasing eggsovaries from releasing eggs

Adv: effective after 24 hrs, no sex Adv: effective after 24 hrs, no sex interruptioninterruption

Dis: NO STD protection, injections every 3 Dis: NO STD protection, injections every 3 months, weight gain, strange/no periods, months, weight gain, strange/no periods, takes about 6 months to get out of takes about 6 months to get out of system, can be painfulsystem, can be painful

Effectiveness: 99%/99%Effectiveness: 99%/99%

Birth Control ShotBirth Control Shot long-acting form of long-acting form of

progesterone, a hormone progesterone, a hormone that is naturally that is naturally manufactured in a girl's manufactured in a girl's ovaries. The shot is given ovaries. The shot is given as an injection in the upper as an injection in the upper arm or in the buttocks arm or in the buttocks once every 3 months to once every 3 months to protect a woman from protect a woman from becoming pregnant becoming pregnant

Over the course of 1 year, Over the course of 1 year, fewer than 3 out of 100 fewer than 3 out of 100 typical couples who use typical couples who use the birth control shot every the birth control shot every 3 months will have an 3 months will have an accidental pregnancy. The accidental pregnancy. The chance of getting pregnant chance of getting pregnant increases if you wait longer increases if you wait longer than 3 months to receive than 3 months to receive your next shot. your next shot.

The PatchThe Patch

Patch placed on body, releases hormones Patch placed on body, releases hormones to stop ovaries from releasing eggto stop ovaries from releasing egg

Adv: lowers risk of cancers, regulates Adv: lowers risk of cancers, regulates period, acne improvementperiod, acne improvement

Dis: must change Dis: must change weekly, costs money, weekly, costs money, NO protection from STDNO protection from STD’’s, s, 1 cycle must be completed 1 cycle must be completed before effectivebefore effective

Effectiveness: 99%/95%Effectiveness: 99%/95%

Birth Control PatchBirth Control Patch It releases hormones It releases hormones

through the skin into through the skin into the bloodstream to the bloodstream to prevent pregnancy. prevent pregnancy.

About 5 to 8 out of About 5 to 8 out of 100 couples will have 100 couples will have an unintended an unintended pregnancy during the pregnancy during the first year of use first year of use

costs between $30 costs between $30 and $35 a month, and $35 a month, although health and although health and family planning clinics family planning clinics (such as Planned (such as Planned Parenthood) might sell Parenthood) might sell them for less them for less

Nuva RingNuva Ring

Circular, flexible ring inserted into Circular, flexible ring inserted into vagina and releases hormones to stop vagina and releases hormones to stop release of egg from ovaries (about 2 release of egg from ovaries (about 2 inches in diameter—inserted once per inches in diameter—inserted once per month)month)

Adv: easy to insertAdv: easy to insert Dis: must be inserted in vaginaDis: must be inserted in vagina Effectiveness: 99%/94%Effectiveness: 99%/94%

Birth Control Ring: Nuva Birth Control Ring: Nuva RingRing

inserted into the vagina, inserted into the vagina, where it slowly releases where it slowly releases hormones — the hormones — the chemicals the body chemicals the body makes to control organ makes to control organ function — through the function — through the vaginal wall into the vaginal wall into the bloodstream. The bloodstream. The hormones in the ring hormones in the ring control the ovaries and control the ovaries and the uterus. the uterus.

1 year, 5 to 8 out of 100 1 year, 5 to 8 out of 100 typical couples who rely typical couples who rely on the ring to prevent on the ring to prevent pregnancy will have an pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy accidental pregnancy

Other MethodsOther Methods

IUDIUD Natural Family PlanningNatural Family Planning SterilizationSterilization AbstinenceAbstinence

IUDIUDIntrauterine DeviceIntrauterine Device

Object inserted through cervix and Object inserted through cervix and placed in uterus to prevent pregnancyplaced in uterus to prevent pregnancy

Advantages: Will last 1-10 years; no Advantages: Will last 1-10 years; no mess; nothing to insert at time of mess; nothing to insert at time of intercourseintercourse

Disadvantages: requires fitting by Disadvantages: requires fitting by doctor; can come out; no STD protectiondoctor; can come out; no STD protection

Effectiveness: 99%/96%Effectiveness: 99%/96%

Rhythm/Ovulation/Rhythm/Ovulation/Temperature MethodsTemperature Methods

Timing intercourse around ovulation Timing intercourse around ovulation to prevent pregnancyto prevent pregnancy

Adv: freeAdv: free Dis: hard to tell when ovulating, NO Dis: hard to tell when ovulating, NO

STD protection, requires record STD protection, requires record keeping, very little accuracy (you can keeping, very little accuracy (you can still get pregnant even if not still get pregnant even if not ovulating)ovulating)

Effectiveness: 80%/75%Effectiveness: 80%/75%

Tubal LitigationTubal Litigation

Fallopian tubes cut and tied; eggs Fallopian tubes cut and tied; eggs cancan’’t meet spermt meet sperm

Advantage: No chance of pregnancy, Advantage: No chance of pregnancy, nothing to insert at intercourse, can nothing to insert at intercourse, can be reversedbe reversed

Disadvantage: NO STD protectionDisadvantage: NO STD protection Effectiveness: 99%/99%Effectiveness: 99%/99%

VasectomyVasectomy

Vas deferens cut and tied; sperm caVas deferens cut and tied; sperm cann ’’t be releasedt be released

Advantage: No chance of pregnancy, Advantage: No chance of pregnancy, nothing to insert at intercoursenothing to insert at intercourse

Disadvantage: NO STD protectionDisadvantage: NO STD protection

Effectiveness: 99%/99%Effectiveness: 99%/99%

AbstinenceAbstinence

No sexual contact of any type outside of No sexual contact of any type outside of marriagemarriage

Advantages: Advantages: No chance of pregnancy or STDNo chance of pregnancy or STD Builds relationshipBuilds relationship

Disadvantage: Disadvantage:

Effectiveness: 100%Effectiveness: 100%

Ineffective MethodIneffective Method

WithdrawalWithdrawal

Withdrawal MethodWithdrawal Method

Male pulls penis from vagina prior to Male pulls penis from vagina prior to ejaculationejaculation

Adv: free, no fluid deposited into vaginaAdv: free, no fluid deposited into vagina Dis: not always easy to pull out, no STD Dis: not always easy to pull out, no STD

protect, pre-ejaculation fluidsprotect, pre-ejaculation fluids

Effectiveness: 96%/81%Effectiveness: 96%/81%