continuous geomembranes for on site application … · continuous geomembranes for on site...

PDA Europe 2012 Annual Conference –Istanbul, 12-14 November

CONTINUOUS GEOMEMBRANES FOR ON SITE APPLICATION



POLYMERIC GEOMEMBRANES ARE MADE OF:

- POLYOLEOFINS (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE,

TPO, VLDPE).

- EPDM.

- PVC



LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL POLYMERIC GEOMEMBRANES:

- REQUIRE WELDING AT JOINTS AND SEAMS (heat or ultrasound).

- DIFFICULTY IN ADAPTING THEM TO COMPLEX STRUCTURES.

- THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS. SUFFER FROM HEAT / COLD

CYCLES. CRYSTALISATION

- HAVE LITTLE RESISTANCE TO PUNCTURE

(EPDM).

- LITTLE IMPACT RESISTANCE

(NOT ELASTOMERIC - HDPE).

- MULTI-LAYER SYSTEMS (MEMBRANE +

GEOTEXTILE/DRAINAGE,…).

FRICTION VALUESARE CRITICAL .



NEW CONTINUOUS GEOMEMBRANES:

- TOTAL CONTINUITY (JOINTLESS).

- EASY TO SOLVE TECHNICAL DETAILS

- HIGH PERFORMANCE

…



NEW CONTINUOUS GEOMEMBRANES:

ARE MADE FROM:

POLYUREA / POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS

SPRAYED ONTO GEOTEXTILES

ON-SITE.



POLYUREA &

POLYURETHANE

ELASTOMERS



Polyurea & Polyurethane Formation

- Reaction of an Isocyanate Group

with an Amine or Alcohol (polyol) Polyurea Polyurethane

The reaction of an isocyanate groups with amines / polyols forms ureas /

urethanes.

Polymer structure and resulting properties can be adjusted / tailored for specific

applications.

Ureas are water insensitive during application. Urethanes are more water sensitive.



ATTRIBUTES OF POLYUREA /

POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS

• Cure rapidly (seconds) under most conditions and temperatures.

• Low crosslink density leads to flexible products

(excellent crack bridging capabilities).

• Low crosslink density and flexible backbone structure

leads to high elongation products for the final product.

• Low crosslink density and high hydrogen bond content

gives excellent solvent resistance.

• Not sensitive to humidity or moisture during reaction (Polyurea).



Primary Containment Bodyworks Swimming Pools

Roofing Pipe Coatings Liners / Secondary Containment

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS FOR POLYUREAS / POLYURETHANES



WATERPROOFING WITH POLYUREAS / POLYURETHANES

• Approvals for use in ROOFING, per different standards. In Europe, ETA (European technical Approvals) for 10 & 25 Years, as per EOTA Guidelines (www.eota.be).

• Provide a fully bonded / continuous membrane with excellent properties (elasticity, puncture resistance, longevity).

• Water tanks: approvals correspond to EEC Directive 98/83/CE, which regulates polymers in contact with drinking water.

• Polyureas are an excellent / fast alternative to most other systems in water tank refurbishments.

http://www.eota.be/



IMPERMAX POLYUREA H



Les Arenes commercial centre. Barcelona.

Strat System (Built-up Insulation+Waterproofing

Arq. Richard Rogers / Alonso Balaguer

ROOFING CASE STUDIES:




Seville Airport

Roof Refurbishng

25000 m2

Impermax 2K system




Tenerife airport

Roof refurbishment

12000 m2

Impermax 2K system



CASE STUDIES:

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Seville Football Stadium

General efurbishment

16000 m2

Impermax 2K System



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POLYUREA - POLYURETHANE / GEOTEXTILE COMPOSITES

- SPRAY APPLIED POLYUREAS/POLYURETHANES GENERALLY

REQUIRE CLEAN / DRY / SOUND SUBSTRATES…

… BUT IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE TO SPRAY ELASTOMERS ONTO

WOVEN / NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILES..

-THIS PROVIDES CONTINUOUS MEMBRANES FREE OF JOINTS

AND OVERLAPS, IN DIFFERENT COLOURS AND HIGH

PRODUCTIVITY.

- PROPERTIES DEPEND ON THE KIND OF ELASTOMER /

GEOTEXTILE CHOSEN.



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• Interests for Polyurea/Polyurethane Geomembranes:

– Continuous systems, without seams and overlaps.

– Non thermoplastic. Excellent Durability.

– Possible to lay on very awkward situations (verticals, details, etc).

– Systems may be laid bonded when required (i.e. pipes and protrusions).

– Elastomeric materials. Energy absorption and impact resistance.

– Excellent puncture resistance (Geotextile + Polymer).


ROOFING FLOORING TANKING 2ND CONTAINMENT LINERS POLYURETHANE XXX X X X X HYBRID POLYUREA XX X X XX XX PURE POLYUREA X X XXX XXX XX FLEX POLYUREA XXX 0 X XX XXX POLYASPARTICSS 0 XXX 0 0 0

VERY FLEXIBLE PURE POLYUREA=> LOW SHRINKAGE / HIGH ELONGATION

HARDER PURE POLYUREA => CHEMICAL RESISTANCE (ACIDS)

HARDER HYBRID POLYUREA => CHEMICAL RESISTANCE (BASES)


Polymer component:

RECOMMENDED POLYMERS BY APPLICATION



GEOTEXTILE COMPONENT:

NOT ALL GEOTEXTILES ARE EQUAL…

MADE FROM PP (best) OR POLYESTER. (low

resistance to alkalynes, moisture, microbes,…).

NEEDLE FELT GEOTEXTILES:

GOOD PUNCTURE RESISTANCE & ELONGATION

BIG RESIN CONSUMPTION

MAY LEAVE LOSE UN-COATED FIBRES

THERMOBONDED GEOTEXTILES::

LOW ELONGATION

LOWER RESIN CONSUMPTION

ALLOW GOOD QUALITY FINISH AND ASPECT



THE “PERFECT” GEOTEXTILE IS...

MADE FROM PP FIBRE

ONE SIDE NEEDLE FELT…

GOOD PUNCTURE RESISTANCE

“CUSHIONING” EFFECT

GOOD ELONGATION AND FLEXIBILITY

… OTHER SIDE THERMOBONDED:

LOWER RESIN CONSUMPTION

ALLOWS FOR EXCELLENT FINISH AND

LOWER RESIN THICKNESS.

PATENTED (registration number P201231631).



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• Some possible combinations:

Polyurea onto

Geotextiles (Woven/

Non woven) Polyurea onto

Drainage

Composites

Polyurea onto

Reinforcement

Geogrids



The leading centre for research, innovation and

advanced technical services available to the textile,

manufacturing and technical textile sectors.

Collaboration with AITEX is allowing to set up a comparison between products and vs conventional Polymeric Geomembranes.

Tests conducted:

Pure, Hybrid and very flexible Polyurea elastomers sprayed at 1, 1,5 and 2 mm thickness onto different geotextiles.

Measurements conducted: Tensile. UNE -EN ISO 527-1:1996 & UNE -EN ISO 527-3: 1996/AC: 2002.. Puncture resistance. UNE-EN ISO 12236:2007 Tear strength. UNE-EN ISO 34-1:2011

Goal: determine the best Elastomer / Geotextile combination for every application.



0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

TESTING EXAMPLE: STATIC PUNCTURE RESISTANCE CBR (in kN/m)

(UNE-EN ISO 12236:2007).



CERTIFICATION WORK IN PROCESS:

- CHEMICAL RESISTANCE (LEACHATE, ACID/ BASIC,…).

- AGEING:

- HIGH TEMPERATURE (DONE FOR E.T.A.).

- U.V. RADIATION (DONE FOR E.T.A.).

- NEW MEMBRANE / GEOGRIDS COMBINATIONS FOR

MAXIMUM TENSILE STRENGTH.



25

Shannon County Ireland

Storm water lagoon

4000 m2.

Spraying Polyurea / Geotextile

allowed to deliver the job on time,

working under extremely harsh

circumstances before floodings arrived



26 26

Grupo Iberpapel

Planta Zikuñaga (Guipuzcoa)

Secondary Containment

2500 m2

Polyurea / Geotextile combination allowed to cope

with all protrusions passing through the system, and

surrounding upstands.



27 27

POLYUREA / POLYURETHANE SPRAY LINERS

TARGET APPLICATIONS:

• LEACHATE COLLECTION / STORAGE BASINS.

• PRIMARY / SECONDARY CONTAINMENT.

• SMALL DECORATIVE LAGOONS / PONDS.

• STEEP / VERTICAL SLOPES IN LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS.

• CANNALS.



28 28

SYSTEM APPLICATION

KEY ASPECTS:

1. THICKNESS MANAGEMENT.

2. HANDLING DETAILS.

3. ANTI SKID FINISH. TEXTURED MEMBRANES.



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SYSTEM APPLICATION

THICKNESS MANAGEMENT.

- POLYUREA / POLYURETHANE MEMBRANES ARE HAND SPRAY APPLIED THROUGH

HIGH TEMPERATURE / HIGH PRESSURE UNITS.

. MACHINE THRUPUT MAY BE AS MUCH AS 12 Kg/min (720 kg/hr). TRAINED

INSTALLERS CAN LAY 1200 m2/ day.

- THICKNESS IS MONITORED BY DESTRUCTIVE / NON

DESTRUCTIVE METHODS.

- RESIN CONSUMPTION MUST CONTEMPLATE WIND AND PROVIDE

% DEVIATION VS TARGET (+ 5%).



30 30

SYSTEM APPLICATION


DESTRUCTIVE METHODS.

1. RANDOM SAMPLES MUST BE EXTRACTED DURING JOB

EXECUTION.

2. IT IS EASY AND FAST TO RE-SPRAY OVER SAMPLES TAKEN.

3. SAMPLE SIZE AND QUANTITY OF SAMPLES MUST BE

DETERMINED STATISTICALY.



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SYSTEM APPLICATION

200.000.000 cm2 1 m2 = 10.000 cm2

Universe 20.000 m2

Sample size 400 cm2

Sample size

Maximum indetermination (P < > Q) 90,0%

Confidence intervals 90,0% 95,0% 97,5% 99,0%

k 1,645 1,960 2,240 2,576

Accepted error

0,50% 9.556 13.458 17.434 22.800

0,75% 4.292 6.072 7.901 10.396

1,00% 2.424 3.434 4.475 5.902

1,25% 1.554 2.203 2.874 3.793

1,50% 1.080 1.532 1.999 2.640

1,75% 794 1.126 1.470 1.943

2,00% 608 863 1.126 1.489

2,25% 481 682 890 1.177

2,50% 389 553 721 954

2,75% 322 457 596 788

3,00% 270 384 501 663

SAMPLE SIZE (assuming normal distribution of thickness / Gauss Curve).



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SYSTEM APPLICATION


• NON DESTRUCTIVE METHODS. ULTRA SOUND THICKNESS

MEASURING DEVICES.

ASTM Committee D-01.23: Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement

of Dry Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Using an Ultrasonic

Gauge



33 33

SYSTEM APPLICATION

HANDLING DETAILS

Polyureas / Polyurethanes can be applied bonded when needed (upstands).

Geotextiles can be cut to suit different diameters / match special requirements.

Details are easily solved.



34 34

SYSTEM APPLICATION

TEXTURED MEMBRANES

It is very easy to obtain textured Polyurea / Polyurethane membranes.

This is normally achieved just by over-spraying polymer in the air.

It is possible to walk on the polyurea / polyurethane membranes after

just a few minutes



35 35

CONCLUSIONS

- Polyurea is a great liquid applied solution that solves many problems.

-Some limitations in the use of polyureas are due to the state

of substrates, which can result in very costly treatments.

-It is possible to combine Polyurea and different kinds of woven

/ non woven materials, maximizing the benefits provided and widening

the scope for polyurea applications, making them less substrate

dependant.

continuous geomembranes for on site application … · continuous geomembranes for on site...

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