Continuing with yesterday’s E.Q. & Aim.

E.Q. What is Absolutism?

Aim: What effect did the Age of Absolutism have on England, its people, society, and leaders?

Do Now: 1. Please have a seat 2. Take out your notebook & HW (political

cartoon).

Assignment #1

1. Need a few volunteers to come to the front of the room to read/display their political cartoon & analysis (at least one paragraph).

- Just come up front.

What’s the Theme?

Conflict: It takes at least two to tango,

baby!

Task:

Identify two religious groups: Tudor England

Catholics vs. AnglicansCatholics vs. ProtestantsHenry VIII vs. Puritans

Examine (draw & write) the historical circumstances that led to the conflict

In plain & simple English, what caused it?

Henry and his wife, Catherine (Married 24 years)

Origins

Henry was married to Catherine of Aragon but only had one daughter, Mary, in years. He was desperate for a son, because he wanted to secure his dynasty and girls could not, at that time, inherit the throne in his own right. Henry then met Anne Boleyn and fell in love with her. He wanted to divorce Catherine and marry Anne, but the Pope wouldn't let him.

I need a son. I have been married for 20 years and my wife,

Catherine of Aragon is too old to have any more children. Who

will inherit my throne when I die?

I spy an attractive lady – in-waiting called Anne Boleyn. If only I could

marry her instead. Will the Pope give me a

divorce?

The Church is very rich. I need money for my

luxurious court. If only I could get my hands on it.

The new Protestant ideas are spreading in Germany. Princes there are reforming their churches and throwing out the Catholic Church.

Some people in England like the new Protestant ideas. They believe that the

Bible should be in English not Latin.

The Church takes money out my

country in taxes to help build St Peter’s in Rome. What do I

get in return?

Possible cartoon/scene

-- Henry VIII on his thrown thinking to himself " I need a son to continue my legacy after my death!"

Possible cartoon/scene

-- Henry and Catherine in a room together and Henry is saying something like, "Even after 24 years of marriage, you still couldn't give me son!" (can show the role of women during this time)

Possible cartoon/scene

-- Henry in a room alone thinking "All I wanted was a son!". Then a light bulb goes off on his head and he says "Oh, I know! I'll divorce my wife and marry a woman who can give me a son!"

Soon, Henry began to “court” a new woman named, Anne Bolelyn.

Possible cartoon/scene

-- Next scene can be that Henry is talking to the Pope and says to him "I have grown very unhappy in my marriage to Catherine of Aragon and I wish to divorce her." Of course the Pope looks at him like he's nuts and replies by saying something like, " My Dear King, it is not possible for you to divorce your beloved wife, Catherine. It is not allowed and therefore you must spend the rest of your life with her." Henry then says, "Who made you Pope, anyway?!”

(Roman Catholic Church didn't believe or support the idea of getting a divorce).

Possible cartoon/scene

-- An angry Henry VIII, is super duper furious at the fact that the church denied him. He ponders, "I don't need its (the Church) permission. I will create a new religion in which I am the head of Church and it is possible to get a divorce!"

Please pay close to the above listed bold sentence… one of the causes of the CONFLICT!!!

Possible cartoon/scene

-- Henry establishes Anglicanism --- Henry can be standing with both his fists up in the air (in a victorious kind of way) and he could be thinking "Political + Religious Power = ULTIMATE POWER!"

Possible cartoon/scene

-- Henry had the archbishop grant his divorce, which meant that we was finally free -- students could have shown Henry signing a piece of paper/document that says divorce in capital letters. (This event is what lead England to break away from the Roman Catholic Church/pope).

Possible cartoon/scene

-- After six years of marriage to Anne, but no sign of a son coming soon --- Henry looks angry at Anne and says, "Why have you failed to give me a son, woman!? "

With Anne unable to produce what he desired the most, a male heir, Henry decided to move on. Anne was later charged with

treason and beheaded.

In the End!

With the creation of his new found faith, Anglicanism, which afforded him absolute control over England’s political and religious affairs, Henry was able to remarry five additional times, bringing it to a grand total of six marriages throughout his life time, with limited objections.

Henry’s sickly son, Edward IV (Jane Seymour, his 3rd wife, who died in child birth).

Edward IV = reigned for only six years

Summary of Henry’s nuptials (marriages)

Analyze the effect of this conflict on two groups involved

In reference to religion, what was life like for “everyday” people?

Please keep in mind that the history of religion & politics throughout Europe was very blurred = monarchs combined the two to create = absolute power.

In the beginning!

• Like most European nations, England was a very devout Roman Catholic one. For the most part, it was united.

• While the monarchs ruled their land with a great deal of power, the pope/church held the final word.

• Then a major revolution occurred throughout, the Protestant Reformation (started by Luther & his 95 Thesis = division between the Christian world).

Impact on England & its citizens?

• Mass division/wars – why? Differences in Christian sects • In England, Catholics vs. Henry’s new found faith was at

the forefront. • In the hopes of unifying the citizens, English monarchs

desired obedience to a fault, even if they did not agree with the ruler’s laws/customs.

• While some did accept Henry’s faith (Anglicanism), many refused = constant wars/rebellions.

• From the time of its introduction onwards, religious wars/strife (Catholics vs. Anglicans vs. Protestants) remained an ongoing theme for almost two centuries.

Luther & his 95 ThesisAs was the case of countless European lands, citizens fought against neighboring citizens – brother vs. brother, father vs. son, cousin vs. cousin/other family members – why? In name of different religious views.

As was mentioned before, to Europeans throughout this era, it was impossible to separate religion from politics, the economy, social aspects, etc. As a result, to the English, most were willing to die for their faith, because to them, without the ability to worship freely, without objection, life would be unfulfilling/not worth living. Crazy, huh!? Not to them.

Religion & Politics in Tudor England

Mary I (Tudor) Elizabeth I (Tudor)

Wanted to restore Catholicism to England after the reign of her father, Henry VIII, & bother, Edward IV, both of whom followed Anglicanism. Had Protestant dissenters burned at the stake [over 300 non-Catholic/Protestants met their gruesome fate/death].

Wanted to strengthen the Anglican Church. Persecuted Catholics and Puritans – also fined them (forced them to pay hefty taxes).

Today

One can find both Catholic & Anglican churches & devout worshippers throughout the city of NY alone. It’s not only about Catholics… the Protestant Reformation transformed the world and beyond a great deal.

Please see your notes, handouts, & textbooks for more in-depth information.

Henry VIII

The Tudors

The Tudors (a parody)