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Contents of Previous Volumes
VOLUME 1
Chapter 1
NMR of Sodium-23 and Potassium-39 in Biological Systems Mortimer M. Civan and Mordechai Shporer
Chapter 2
High-Resolution NMR Studies of Histones
C. Crane-Robinson
Chapter 3
PMR Studies of Secondary and Tertiary Structure of Transfer RNA in Solution
Philip H. Bolton and David R. Kearns
Chapter 4
Fluorine Magnetic Resonance in Biochemistry 1. T. Gerig
Chapter 5
ESR of Free Radicals in Enzymatic Systems
Dale E. Edmondson
539
540 Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 6
Paramagnetic Intermediates in Photosynthetic Systems
Joseph T. Warden
Chapter 7
ESR of Copper in Biological Systems John F. Boas, John R. Pilbrow, and Thomas D. Smith
VOLUME 2
Chapter I
Phosphorus NMR of Cells, Tissues, and Organelles Donald P. Hollis
Chapter 2
EPR of Molybdenum-Containing Enzymes Robert C. Bray
Chapter 3
ESR of Iron Proteins Thomas D. Smith and John R. Pilbrow
Chapter 4
Stable Imidazoline Nitroxides Leonid B. Volodarsky, Igor A. Grigor'ev, and Renad Z. Sagdeev
Chapter 5
The Multinuclear NMR Approach to Peptides: Structures, Conformation, and Dynamics
Roxanne Deslauriers and Ian C. P. Smith
VOLUME 3
Chapter I
Multiple Irradiation 1H NMR Experiments with Hemoproteins Regula M. Keller and Kurt Wuthrich
Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 2
Vanadyl(IV) EPR Spin Probes: Inorganic and Biochemical Aspects
N. Dennis Chasteen
Chapter 3
ES~ Studies of Calcium- and Protein-Induced Photon Separations in Phospatidylserine-Phosphatidylcholine Mixed Membranes
Shun-ichi Ohnishi and Satoru Tokutomi
Chapter 4
EPR Crystallography of Metalloproteins and Spin-Labeled Enzymes
James C. W. Chien and L. Charles Dickinson
Chapter 5
Electron Spin Echo Spectroscopy and the Study of Metalloproteins
W. B. Mims and J. Peisach
VOLUME 4
Chapter 1
Spin Labeling in Disease D. Allan Butterfield
Chapter 2
Principles and Applications of 113Cd NMR to Biological Systems
Ian M. Armitage and James D. Otvos
Chapter 3
Photo-CIDNP Studies of Proteins Robert Kaptein
Chapter 4
541
Application of Ring Current Calculations to the Proton NMR of Proteins and Transfer RNA
Stephen J. Perkins
542
VOLUMES
Chapter 1
CMR as a Probe for Metabolic Pathways in VIvo
R. L. Baxter, N. E. Mackenzie, and A. 1. Scott
Chapter 2
Nitrogen-1S NMR in Biological Systems
Felix Blomberg and Heinz Riiterjans
Chapter 3
Contents of Previous Volumes
Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigations of Enzyme Systems
B. D. Nageswara Rao
Chapter 4
NMR Methods Involving Oxygen Isotopes in Biophosphates
Ming-Daw Tsai and Laral Bruzik
Chapter 5
ESR and NMR Studies of Lipid-Protein Interactions in Membranes
Philippe F. Devaux
VOLUME 6
Chapter 1
Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy as a Conformational Probe of Cellular Phosphates
Philip H. Bolton
Chapter 2
Lanthanide Complexes of Peptides and Proteins Robert E. Lenkinski
Chapter 3
EPR of Mn(II) Complexes with Enzymes and Other Proteins
George H. Reed and George D. Markham
Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 4
Biological Applications of Time Domain ESR Hans Thomann, Larry R. Dalton, and Lauraine A. Dalton
Chapter 5
Techniqnes, Theory, and Biological Applications of Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR)
August H. Maki
VOLUME 7
Chapter 1
NMR Spectroscopy of the Intact Heart Gabriel A. Elgavish
Chapter 2
NMR Methods for StUdying Enzyme Kinetics in Cells and Tissue
K. M. Brindle, I. D. Campbell, and R. J. Simpson
Chapter 3
Endor Spectroscopy in Photobiology and Biochemistry Klaus Mobius and Wolfgang Lubitz
Chapter 4
NMR Studies of Calcium-Binding Proteins
Hans J. Vogel and Sture Forsen
VOLUME 8
Chapter 1
543
Calculating Slow Motional Magnetic Resonance Spectra: A User's Guide David J. Schneider and Jack H. Freed
Chapter 2
Inhomogeneously Broadened Spin-Label Spectra Barney Bales
544 Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 3
Saturation Transfer Spectroscopy of Spin-Labels: Techniques and Interpretation of Spectra
M. A. Hemminga and P. A. de Jager
Chapter 4
Nitrogen-IS and Deuterium Substituted Spin Labels for Studies of Very Slow Rotational Motion
Albert H. Beth and Bruce H. Robinson
Chapter 5
Experimental Methods in Spin-Label Spectral Analysis
Derek Marsh
Chapter 6
Electron-Electron Double Resonance
James S. Hyde and Jim B. Feix
Chapter 7
Resolved Electron-Electron Spin-Spin Splittings in EPR Spectra
Gareth R. Eaton and Sandra S. Eaton
Chapter 8
Spin-Label Oximetry
James S. Hyde and Witold S. Subczynski
Chapter 9
Chemistry of Spin-Labeled Amino Acids and Peptides: Some New Mono- and Bifunctionalized Nitroxide Free Radicals
Kalman Hideg and Olga H. Hankovsky
Chapter 10
Nitroxide Radical Adducts in Biology: Chemistry, Applications, and Pitfalls
Carolyn Mottley and Ronald P. Mason
Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 11
Advantages of 15N and Deuterium Spin Probes for Biomedical Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigations
Jane H. Park and Wolfgang E. Trammer
Chapter 12
Magnetic Resonance Study of the Combining Site Structure of a Monoclonal Anti-Spin-Label Antibody
Jacob Anglister
Appendix
545
Approaches to the Chemical Synthesis of 15N and Deuterium Substituted Spin Labels
Jane H. Park and Wolfgang E. Trommer
VOLUME 9
Chapter 1
Phosphorus NMR of Membranes Philip L. Yeagle
Chapter 2
Investigation of Ribosomal 5S Ribonucleotide Acid Solution Structure and Dynamics by Means of High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Alan G. Marshall and Jiejun Wu
Chapter 3
Structure Determination via Complete Relaxation Matrix Analysis (CORMA) of Two-Dimensional Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectra: DNA Fragments
Brandan A. Borgias and Thomas L. James
Chapter 4
Methods of Proton Resonance Assignment for Proteins
Andrew D. Robertson and John L. Markley
546
Chapter 5
Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Proteins
Stanley J. Opella
Chapter 6
Contents of Previous Volumes
Methods for Suppression of the H20 Signal in Proton FTINMR Spectroscopy: A Review
Joseph E. Meier and Alan G. Marshall
VOLUME 10
Chapter 1
High-Resolution IH-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Oligosaccharide-Alditols Released from Mucin-Type O-Glycoproteins
Johannis P. Kamerling and Johannes F. G. Vliegenthart
Chapter 2
NMR Studies of Nucleic Acids and Their Complexes
David E. Wemmer
VOLUME 11
Chapter 1
Localization of Clinical NMR Spectroscopy
Lizann Bolinger and Robert E. Lenkinski
Chapter 2
Off-Resonance Rotating Frame Spin-Lattice Relaxation: Theory, and in Vivo MRS and MRI Applications
Thomas Schleich, G. Herbert Caines, and Jan M. Rydzewski
Chapter 3
NMR Methods in Studies of Brain Ischemia
Lee-Hong Chang and Thomas L. James
Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 4
Shift-Reagent-Aided 23Na NMR Spectroscopy in Cellular, Tissue, and Whole-Organ Systems
Sandra K. Miller and Gabriel A. Elgavish
Chapter 5
In Vivo 19F NMR
Barry S. Selinski and C. Tyler Burt
Chapter 6
In Vivo 2H NMR Studies of Cellular Metabolism
Robert E. London
Chapter 7
547
Some Applications of ESR to in Vivo Animals Studies and EPR Imaging
Lawrence J. Berliner and Hirotada Fujii
VOLUME 12
Chapter 1
NMR Methodology for Paramagnetic Proteins
Gerd N. La Mar and Jeffrey S. de Ropp
Chapter 2
Nuclear Relaxation in Paramagnetic Metalloproteins
Lucia Banci
Chapter 3
Paramagnetic Relaxation of Water Protons
Cathy Coolbaugh Lester and Robert G. Bryant
Chapter 4
Proton NMR Spectroscopy of Model Hemes
F. Ann Walker and Ursula Simonis
548 Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 5
Proton NMR Studies of Selected Paramagnetic Heme Proteins J. D. Satterlee, S. Alam, Q. Yi, J. E. Erman, l. Constantinidis, D. J. Russell, and S. J. Moench
Chapter 6
Heteronuclear Magnetic Resonance: Applications to Biological and Related Paramagnetic Molecules
Joiil Mispelter, Michel Momenteau, and Jean-Marc Lhoste
Chapter 7
NMR of Polymetallic Systems in Proteins
Claudio Luchinat and Stefano Ciurli
VOLUME 13
Chapter 1
Simulation of the EMR Spectra of High-Spin Iron in Proteins Betty J. Gaffney and Harris J. Silverstone
Chapter 2
Mossbauer Spectroscopy of Iron Proteins Peter G. Debrunner
Chapter 3
Multifrequency ESR of Copper: Biophysical Applications Riccardo Basosi, William E. Antholine, and James S. Hyde
Chapter 4
Metalloenzyme Active-Site Structure and Function through Multifrequency CW and Pulsed ENDOR
Brian M. Hoffman, Victoria J. DeRose, Peter E. Doan, Ryszard J. Gurbiel, Andrew L. P. Houseman, and Joshua Telser
Chapter 5
ENDOR of Randomly Oriented Mononuclear Metalloproteins: Toward Structural Determinations of the Prosthetic Group
Jiirgen Hiittermann
Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 6
High-Field EPR and ENDOR in Bioorganic Systems
Klaus Mobius
Chapter 7
549
Pulsed Electron Nuclear Double and Multiple Resonance Spectroscopy of Metals in Proteins and Enzymes
Hans Thomann and Marcelino Bernardo
Chapter 8
Transient EPR of Spin-Labeled Proteins David D. Thomas, E. Michael Ostap, Christopher L. Berger, Scott M. Lewis, Piotr G. Fajer, and James E. Mahaney
Chapter 9
ESR Spin-Trapping Artifacts in Biological Model Systems Aldo Tomasi and Anna Iannone
VOLUME 14
Introduction: Reflections on the Beginning of the Spin Labeling Technique
Lawrence J. Berliner
Chapter I
Analysis of Spin Label Line Shapes with Novel Inhomogeneous Broadening from Different Component Widths: Application to Spatially Disconnected Domains in Membranes
M. B. Sankaram and Derek Marsh
Chapter 2
Progressive Saturation and Saturation Transfer EPR for Measuring Exchange Processes and Proximity Relations in Membranes
Derek Marsh, Tibor Pali, and Laszlo Horvath
Chapter 3
Comparative Spin Label Spectra at X-band and W-band Alex I. Smirnov, R. L. Belford, and R. B. Clarkson
550 Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 4
Use of Imidazoline Nitroxides in Studies of Chemical Reactions: ESR Measurements of the Concentration and Reactivity of Protons, Thiols, and Nitric Oxide
Valery V. Khramtsov and Leonid B. Volodarsky
Chapter 5
ENDOR of Spin Labels for Structure Determination: From Small Molecules to Enzyme Reaction Intermediates
Marvin W. Makinen, Devkumar Mustafi, and Seppo Kasa
Chapter 6
Site-Directed Spin Labeling of Membrane Proteins and PeptideMembrane Interactions
Jimmy B. Feix and Candice S. Klug
Chapter 7
Spin-Labeled Nucleic Acids
Robert S. Keyes and Albert M. Bobst
Chapter 8
Spin Label Applications to Food Science Marcus A. Hemminga and Ivon J. van den Dries
Chapter 9
EPR Studies of Living Animals and Related Model Systems (In-Vivo EPR)
Harold M. Swartz and Howard Halpern
Appendix
Derek Marsh and Karl Schorn
VOLUME 15
Chapter 1
Tracery Theory and 13C NMR
Maren R. Laughlin and Joanne K. Kelleher
Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 2
l3C Isotopomer Analysis of Glutamate: A NMR Method to Probe Metabolic Pathways Intersecting in the Citric Acid Cycle
A. Dean Sherry and Craig R. Malloy
Chapter 3
Determination of Metabolic Fluxes by Mathematical Analysis of l3C Labeling Kinetics
John C. Chatham and Edwin M. Chance
Chapter 4
Metabolic Flux and Subcelluar Transport of Metabolites
E. Douglas Lewandowski
Chapter 5
Assessing Cardiac Metabolic Rates During Pathologic Conditions with Dynamic l3C NMR Spectra
Robert G. Weiss and Gary Gerstenblith
Chapter 6
Applications of l3C Labeling to Studies of Human Brain Metabolism In Vivo
Graeme F. Mason
Chapter 7
In Vivo l3C NMR Spectroscopy: A Unique Approach in the Dynamic Analysis of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Flux and Substrate Selection
Pierre-Marie Luc Robitaille
VOLUME 16
Chapter 1
Determining Structures of Large Proteins and Protein Complexes byNMR
G. Marius Clore and Angela M. Gronenbom
551
552 Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 2
Multidimensional 2H-Based NMR Methods for Resonance Assignment, Structure Determination, and the Study of Protein Dynamics
Kevin H. Gardner and Lewis E. Kay
Chapter 3
NMR of Perdeuterated Large Proteins
Bennett T. Fanner II and Ronald A. Venters
Chapter 4
Recent Developments in Multidimensional NMR Methods for Structural Studies of Membrane Proteins
Francesca M. Marassi, Jennifer J. Gesell, and Stanley J. Opella
Chapter 5
Homonuclear Decoupling to Proteins
Eriks Kupee, Hiroshi Matsuo, and Gerhard Wagner
Chapter 6
Pulse Sequences for Measuring Coupling Constants
Geerten W. Vuister, Marco Tessari, Yasmin Karimi-Nejad, and Brian Whitehead
Chapter 7
Methods for the Determination of Torsion Angle Restraints in Biomacromolecules
C. Griesinger, M. Hennig, J. P. Marino, B. Reif, C. Richter, and H. Schwalbe
VOLUME 17
Chapter 1
Aspects of Modeling Biomolecular Structure on the Basis of Spectroscopic or Diffraction Data
Wilfred F. van Gunsteren, Alexandre M. J. J. Bonvin, Xavier Daura, and Lorna J. Smith
Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 2
Combined Automated Assignment of NMR Spectra and Calculation of Three-Dimensional Protein Structures
Yuan Xu, Catherine H. Schein, and Werner Braun
Chapter 3
NMR Pulse Sequences and Computational Approaches for Automated Analysis of Sequence-Specific Backbone Resonance Assignments of Proteins
Gaetano T. Montelione, Carlos B. Rios, G. V. T. Swapna, and Diane E. Zimmennan
Chapter 4
Calculation of Symmetric Oligomer Structures from NMR Data
Sean I. O'Donoghue and Michael Nilges
Chapter 5
Hybrid-Hybrid Matrix Method for 3D NOESY-NOESY Data Refinements
553
Elliott K. Gozansky, Varatharasa Thiviyanathan, Nishantha Illangasekare, Bruce A. Luxon, and David G. Gorenstein
Chapter 6
Conformational Ensemble Calculations: Analysis of Protein and Nucleic Acid NMR Data
Anwer Mujeeb, Nikolai B. Ulyanov, Todd M. Billeci, Shauna Farr-Jones, and Thomas L. James
Chapter 7
Complete Relaxation and Conformational Exchange Matrix (CORCEMA) Analysis of NOESY Spectra of Reversibly Forming Ligand-Receptor Complexes: Application to Transferred NOESY
N. Rama Krishna and Hunter N. B. Moseley
Chapter 8
Protein Structure and Dynamics from Field-Induced Residual Dipolar Couplings
James H. Prestegard, Joel R. Tolman, Hashim M. AI-Hashimi, and Michael Andree
554 Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 9
Recent Developments in Studying the Dynamics of Protein Structures from 15N and 13C Relaxation Time Measurements
Jan Engelke and Heinz Riiterjans
Chapter 10
Multinuclear Relaxation Dispersion Studies of Protein Hydration
Bertil Halle, Vladimir P. Denisov, and Kandadai Venu
Chapter 11
Hydration Studies of Biological Macromolecules by Intermolecular WaterSolute NOEs
Gottfried Otting
VOLUME 18
Chapter 1
Introduction to in Vivo EPR Harold M. Swartz and Lawrence J. Berliner
Chapter 2
Principles of in Vivo EPR Sankaran Subramanian, James B. Mitchell, and Murali C. Krishna
Chapter 3
Frequency and Power Considerations for in Vivo EPR and Related Techniques
James M. S. Hutchison
Chapter 4
CW EPR Signal Detection Bridges
Janusz Koscielniak
Chapter 5
Resonators for Low Field in Vivo EPR Kenneth A. Rubinson
Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 6
Principles of Imaging: Theory and Instrumentation
Periannan Kuppusamy, Michael Chzhan, and Jay L. Zweier
Chapter 7
Time-Domain Radio Frequency EPR Imaging
Sankaran Subramanian, James B. Mitchell, and Murali C. Krishna
Chapter 8
Stable Soluble Paramagnetic Compounds
Howard J. Halpern
Chapter 9
Stable Particulate Paramagnetic Materials as Oxygen Sensors in EPR Oximetry
R. B. Clarkson, Paul Peroke, Shong-Wan Norby, and B. M. Odintsov
Chapter 10
Packaging of Stable Paramagnetic Materials in Oximetry and Other Applications
Bernard Gallez
Chapter 11
Spin Trapping in Vivo: Facts and Artifacts
Graham S. Timmins and Ke Jian Liu
Chapter 12
Ex Vivo Detection of Free Radical Metabolites of Toxic Chemicals and Drugs by Spin Trapping
Ronald P. Mason and Maria B. Kadiiska
Chapter 13
Chemistry and Biology of Nitric Oxide
Andrei M. Komarov
555
556
Chapter 14
In Vivo and in Vitro Detection of NO by EPR
Hirotada Fujii and Lawrence J. Berliner
Chapter 15
Contents of Previous Volumes
The Measurement of Oxygen in Vivo Using in Vivo EPR Techniques
Harold M. Swartz
Chapter 16
Cardiac Applications of in Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging
Jay L. Zweier, Alexandre Samouilov, and Periannan Kuppusamy
Chapter 17
Applications of in Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging in Cancer Research
Howard J. Halpern
Chapter 18
Applications of in Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging to Skin Jiirgen Fuchs, Norbert Groth, and Thomas Herrling
Chapter 19
Pharmaceutical Applications of in Vivo EPR Karsten Mader and Bernard Gallez
Chapter 20
Proton-Electron Double-Resonance Imaging (PEDRI)
David J. Lurie
Chapter 21
Combining NMR and EPRIESR for in Vivo Experiments
Jeff F Dunn and Harold M. Swartz
Chapter 22
Potential Medical (Clinical) Applications of EPR: Overview and Perspectives
Harold M. Swartz
Contents of Previous Volumes
VOLUME 19
Chapter 1
Distance Measurements by CW and Pulsed EPR
Sandra S. Eaton and Gareth R. Eaton
Chapter 2
Relaxation Times of Organic Radicals and Transition Metal Ions
Sandra S. Eaton and Gareth R. Eaton
Chapter 3
Structural Information from CW-EPR Spectra of Dipolar Coupled Nitroxide Spin Labels
Eric J. Hustedt and Albert H. Beth
Chapter 4
Determination of Protein Folds and Conformational Dynamics using Spin-Labeling EPR Spectroscopy
Hassane s. Mchaourab and Eduardo Perazo
Chapter 5
EPR Spectroscopic Ruler: The Deconvolution Method and Its Applications
Wenzhong Xiao and Yeon-Kyun Shin
Chapter 6
TOAC: The Rigid Nitroxide Side Chain
Joseph C. McNulty and Glenn L. Millhauser
Chapter 7
Depth of Immersion of Paramagnetic Centers in Biological Systems
Gertz l. Likhtenshtein
Chapter 8
Determination of Distances Based on T 1 and T m Effects Sandra S. Eaton and Gareth R. Eaton
557
558 Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 9
Double-Quantum ESR and Distance Measurements
Petr P. Borbat and Jack H. Freed
Chapter 10
"2+ I" Pulse Sequence as Applied for Distance and Spatial Distribution Measurements of Paramagnetic Centers
A. Raitsimring
Chapter 11
Double Electron-Electron Resonance
Gunnar Jeschke, Martin Pannier, and Hans W. Spiess
Chapter 12
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Distance Measurements in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers
K. V. Lakshmi and Gary W. Brudvig
Chapter 13
Photo-Induced Radical Pairs Investigated using Out-of-Phase Electron Spin Echo
Sergei A. Dzuba and Arnold J. Hoff
VOLUME 20
Chapter 1
Transverse Relaxation Optimized Spectroscopy
Konstantin V. Pervushin
Chapter 2
Segmental Isotopic Labeling: Prospects for a New Tool to Study the Structure-Function Relationships in Multi-Domain Proteins
Jennifer J. Ottesen, Ulrich K. Blaschke, David Cowburn, and Tom W. Muir
Contents of Previous Volumes
Chapter 3
Characterization of Inter-Domain Orientations in Solution Using the NMR Relaxation Approach
David Fushman and David Cowburn
Chapter 4
Global Fold Determination of Large Proteins using Site-Directed Spin Labeling
John Battiste, John D. Gross, and Gerhard Wagner
Chapter 5
Solid State NMR Studies of Uniformly Isotopically Enriched Proteins
Ann McDermott
Chapter 6
559
NMR Spectroscopy of Encapsulated Proteins Dissolved in Low Viscosity Fluids
A. Joshua Wand, Charles R. Babu, Peter F. Flynn, and Mark J. Milton
Chapter 7
Angular Restraints from Residual Dipolar Couplings for Structure Refinement
Christian Griesinger, Jens Meiler, and Wolfgang Peti
Chapter 8
Protein Structure Refinement using Residual Dipolar Couplings Angela M. Gronenborn
Chapter 9
Hydrogen Bond Scalar Couplings-A New Tool in Biomolecular NMR
Stephan Grzesiek, Florence Cordier, and Andrew Dingley
Chapter 10
NMR Methods for Screening the Binding of Ligands to ProteinsIdentification and Characterization of Bioactive Ligands
Thomas Peters, Thorsten Biet, and Lars Herfurth
560 Contents of Previous Volumes
VOLUME 21
Chapter 1
Microwave Engineering Fundamentals and Spectrometer Design
C. 1. Bender
Chapter 2
EPR Spectrometers at Frequencies below X-Band G. R. Eaton and S. S. Eaton
Chapter 3
Frequency Dependence of EPR Sensitivity G. A. Rinard, R. W. Quine, S. S. Eaton, and G. R. Eaton
Chapter 4
ENDOR Coils and Related Radiofrequency Circuits C. 1. Bender
Chapter 5
The Generation and Detection of Electron Spin Echoes C. 1. Bender
Chapter 6
Convolution-Based Algorithm: From Analysis of Rotational Dynamics to EPR Oximetry and Protein Distance Measurements
A. l. Smirnov and T. l. Smirnova
Chapter 7
1d and 2d Electron Spin Resonance Imaging (ESRI) of Transport and Degradation Processes in Polymers
M. V. Motyakin and S. Schlick
Chapter 8
Peptide-Aggregation and Conformation Properties as Studied by Pulsed Electron-Electron Double Resonance
Y. D. Tsvetkov
INDEX
AAO, anodic aluminum oxide, 129, 130 Absolute sensitivity, 2, 9, 22, 168, 252, 354, 357, 374, 377, 385, 403, 408, 525, 528; see also Sensitivity Angular selectivity, 125 AFC, automatic frequency control, 415 Anisotropic rotation, 11, 437, 438, 444, 445; see also Axial rotation, Uniaxial rotation Apenxrre,365,366,378,379,387 Aqueous solution, 9, 28-30, 104, 105,122,209,240,242 Axial rotation, 446, 447, 451, 452, 457, 462; see also Anisotropic rotation, Uniaxial rotation Azimuthal order parameter, 452; see also Lateral ordering, Order parameter, Ordering tensor Azimuthal rotation, 446, 447 ~n,278,289-301,336,341
Bacterial reaction center, 83, 168, 265,267 Bacteriochlorophyll, 50, 51, 57, 66, 67, 168 Bacteriorhodopsin, 47, 48, 52, 53, 77,131,132 Beam, 20, 34, 37, 356, 357, 362-367, 372-374, 377-381, 386, 393, 405, 526-528,
propagation of, 20, 357, 363, 405
561
splitter of, 366, 380,405 Biocatalyst, 48, 50 Bloch equations, 440 Brownian diffusion, 25, 26, 116, 436, 442, 445, 449, 450, 452, 454, 455, 456, 457; see also Slow rotational diffusion Brownian rotation, 209, 211, 220, 235,449,457,460 Brownian rotational diffusion, 109, 457 Bruker ELEXSYS W -band spectrometer; see also ELEXSYS Broker W -band spectrometer
Cage model, 106 Calibration, 60, 66, 70, 83, 131, 173,265,318,417,418,420,499, 503,529 Catalysts, 306, 323, 330, 345,473
Cavity; see also Rectangular cavity, Cylindrical resonator,
coupling of, 7,362 reflection of, 319, 355, 359, 360, 366, 373, 391, 395; see also Reflection transmission, 359, 372, 380, 385,391,395 volume of, 355, 356, 362, 377, 420
Chain dynamics, 96, 105, 118,451; see also Motional dynamics, Lipid dynamics Chain isomerism, 444 Charge separation, 50, 72, 166, 168, 181,495 Chlorophyll, 48, 49, 51, 57, 59, 66, 67, 77, 132, 166, 168, 181, 182,
562 Oleg Y. Grinberg and Lawrence J. Berliner
192, 195, 197-199, 265, 270, 495-497,502,503 Cholesterol, 24, 26, 29, 111, 117-119, 127, 451,452, 455, 456, 458-461 Chromium, 384, 420, 422, 470 CIDEP, chemically induced dynamic electron polarization, 166, 172; see also ESP Circular polarization, 374, 377, 527; see also Polarization, Linear polarization Concanavalin, 337, 339, 340, 342 Contrast agents, 123,207,208,212, 222,242 Conical hom, 363, 364, 365 Correlated radical pairs, 168, 179, 181, 183, 200; see also Pairs, Spincorrelated radical pairs Correlation time, 11, 85, 100, 105, 108, 121, 209, 211, 213, 221-225, 227, 229, 230, 233, 234, 236, 237, 239, 240, 242, 260- 262, 268, 434, 444, 450, 526; see also Rotational correlation time Corrugated waveguide, 65, 362, 363,480,526,527 Crystal rotation, 33, 122, 377, 382-384; see also Goniometer Current jump method, 416 Current stability, 417; see also Stability Cylindrical resonator, 13, 359, 403-405, 418; see also Cavity, Rectangular cavity Cylindrical sample, 356, 361,404 Cysteine, 78, 82, 83, 97, 106, 117, 289, 291, 294, 295, 299, 300, 341-344 Cytochrome C oxidase, 341
Dead-time, 63, 419 DHPC (1 ,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero 3-phosphocholine), 103 DMPC (1 ,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), 103, 127-129 DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine), 31, 117, 118 Diamagnetic susceptibility, 189, 197 Dielectric layer, 368, 387 Dielectric loss, 34, 36, 104, 357, 358, 361, 375, 378, 380, 382, 385, 387; see also Dielectric material Dielectric material, 366, 368, 374, 382, 385; see also Dielectric loss Diffusion coefficients, 236, 461; see also Rotational diffusion coefficients, Rotational diffusion tensor Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, 119, 436, 452, 453, 456, 458, 459-461 Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, 455,456 Dispersion, 104, 120,227,229,372, 375, 387, 390-392, 408, 415, 442, 455,529,533 DMPS, (dimyristoyl phosphatidylserine), 127, 128 DNA, 27, 29, 95, 96, 105, 119, 120, 134,148 Doxyl, 109, 129, 131,436,437 Dual band, 415
Eigenfunction, 59, 109, 110 ELDOR, electron-electron double resonance, 14, 38, 63, 122, 126,
Very High Frequency (VHF) ESRlEPR, Index 563
135, 201, 257, 377, 414, 417, 420, 423,425-427 ENDOR, Electron nuclear double resonance,
t~, 307, 309, 324, 326-329, 336,342,345 tH, 324-328, 335, 339-343 2H,307,324,325,340 3tp, 330-332, 334, 335 55Mn, 339, 341 57Fe, 332, 333, 345 Davies, 311, 312, 322, 326, 328, 332-334, 336, 338-340, 342,413,423 effect of, 306, 312, 313, 315, 316, 331, 332, 407, 416, 420, 421,425 high field, 306, 307, 309, 310, 316, 317,326, 345, 346, 466, 472, 478, 479, 482, 484, 487, 489, 491, 496, 508, 509, 528, 533 liquid-state, 56 Mims, 311, 312, 322, 331-334, 339,340,413 mixing time, 312 probe, 403, 418-420, 427, 478, 480,481 selective, 311, 312, 314, 316, 330,331,343,344
Electronic relaxation, 121; see also Spin relaxation, Transverse relaxation ELEXSYS Broker W -band spectrometer, 402, 406-408, 410-412,414,427 Encoding polarization, 370, 377 EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance
ESE-detected, 72, 74, 292-294
FT, Fourier-transform EPR, 63, 405,413,419 high field; see also High field EMR multi frequency, 46, 76, 78, 84, 85, 168, 176, 182, 197, 199, 201,409,421, 455 pulsed, 14, 60, 62, 72-74, 76, 85, 183, 249-252, 254, 258, 259, 262-267, 271, 272, 278, 306, 317, 402, 404, 406, 412, 413,416,419 submillimeter,6, 134,403,411, 412 time-resolved, 52, 58, 63, 74-77,85,165,166,175,176,182, 201,524 W-band, 58-60, 63, 68, 70-72, 74,75,77-79,82, 103, 167, 168, 170, 171, 195, 196, 201, 317, 319,334,410,412,415
ESE, electron spin echo, 63, 85, 121, 166, 167, 178, 279, 405; see also Stimulated echo decay
t~,256 envelope modulation of, ESEEM, 85, 126, 192, 254, 255-257, 271, 278, 296, 297, 299, 314, 325, 327, 335, 336, 342,413,421 field swept, 259
ESEEM; see also Electron spin echo envelope modulation Euler angles, 110, 113, 114, 187, 191, 193, 195, 196, 198, 309, 442, 443 ESP, electron spin polarization, 166, 177; see also CIDEP Exchange coupling J, 75
564 Oleg Y. Grinberg and Lawrence J. Berliner
Fabry-Perot, 4,5, 13,20,21,34,35, 37, 60, 62, 65, 77, 127, 252, 255,403,404,419
Factor of conversion, 251, 252 of filling, 22, 3, 251, 252, 278, 355,375,420,495 of matching, 355, 359 Q, 382, 394
Fast motion, 8, 100, 101, 105, 132, 254, 260, 261, 262, 268, 270, 436, 455; see also Slow motion, Intermediate motion Fe(llI)-EDTA, 146, 153 Field
B), 35, 36, 178, 361, 375, 377, 383,418,480 intensity of, 355, 356, 363 modulation of, 21, 22, 36, 37, 80,82,103,251,265,354,355, 367,372,384,385,404,420
Figure of merit, 357, 358, 377 Fly-back, 416 Four-quadrant power supply, 417 FT -ELDOR, Fourier-transform ELDOR, 122; see also ELDOR
G-band,260,262,263,271,272 Goniometer; see also Crystal rotation G-strain, 2, 5, 8, 32, 70, 82, 292, 317, 331, 332,413,467,497, 510, 511 G-tensor anisotropy, 58, 254, 258, 260,261,265,268,270,459,466
HJ>VMOII0 40,331 Hahn echo decay, 259; see also ESE Halobacterium salinarum, 52 H-bond networks, 50
Helium boil-off rate, 417 Heterodyne detection, 63, 252, 253, 526; see also Heterodyne microwave bridge Heterodyne microwave bridge, 405; see also Heterodyne detection Heteropolyacid, 317, 330 High-field approximation, 406, 434, 441 High field EMR, electron magnetic resonance, 466, 468, 469, 478, 532, 533, 534; see also High field EPR High-Q resonator, 395, 427 Histidine, 73, 257, 289, 290, 294, 295, 297-300, 318, 323-330, 337, 341,342 Human growth hormone, 105 Hydrogen bonding, 71, 84, 85, 130, 131,150,167,291 Hyperfine tensor, 54, 57, 99, 132, 260, 282-284, 290, 291, 297-300, 308, 315, 340, 435, 436, 479, 482-484,486-491 HYSCORE, hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy, 254, 314, 413,421,423 Hysteresis effects, 407, 416
IF, intermediate frequency, 61, 147, 160,405,407,412,414 concept of, 407, 410-412, 414, 415,423,427
IMP A IT diode, impact-avalanche transit-time diode, 13, 37, 62, 319, 403,404 Impedance, 368,380, 386, 387, 389, 394,395 Induction-mode detection, 65, 527 Interactions
Very High Frequency (VHF) ESRlEPR, Index 565
hyperfine, 24, 54, 57, 58, 67, 71, 82, 84-86, 98, 99, 108, 146, 149, 184, 186-189, 192, 195, 282-284, 286-288, 290, 291, 295, 297-300, 306, 308, 331-333, 343, 344, 417, 421, 435, 478,482,484,486,487,496 isotropic, 254, 298, 300, 308, 316,333,478,484,503 nuclear Zeeman, 54, 99, 108, 184,308 quadrupole, 256, 282, 299, 306, 308
Intermediate motion, 106; see also Slow motion, Fast motion Inversion recovery, 37, 263, 413 Ionomers, 121 Ions
CuA, 308, 316, 341, 342, 343, 345 gadolinium, 207, 209 lanthanide, 103, 104 Mn(II), Mn2+, 6, 32, 33, 59, 60, 66, 70, 83, 85, 123, 308, 334-338, 340, 345, 417, 418, 425-427,499 s-state, 123 transition metal; see also TMI, V(IV), 317, 330, 331 Yb3+, 104
Irreducible spherical tensors, 109 Isotropic solvent, 115
Jump diffusion, 24, 436, 440, 445
Lateral ordering, 119, 451; see also Order parameter, Azimuthal order parameter, Ordering tensor Librationa1 motion, 260-262, 267-269
Linear polarization, 64, 370-372, 374, 527; see also Polarization, Circular polarization Liouville equation, 25, 95, 107, 133, 440,442,444,449,454,455,459 Lipid dynamics, 453, 462; see also Motional dynamics, Chain dynamics Lipid nanotube, 129, 130 Lysozyme,28,29, 117, 120
Magnet alignment of, 12, 29, 103, 104, 127, 189, 195, 354, 508, 510, 513,526 hybrid, 407, 415-417 resistive, 36,415,416,535 room-temperature, 416-418
Magneto-orientation, 189, 195 Manganese, 60,417,470 Matrix
g, 99, 101, 106, 113, 114, 121, 130-132,413 Jones, 36, 370,371, 379 transfer, 380, 385, 386, 387, 390,395 Wignerrotation, 1l0, ll4, ll5
Membranes, 11, 12, 24, 29, 34, 77, 78, 96, 98, 104-106, Ill, ll8, 119, 123, 127, 128, 131, 134,380, 431, 432,443-445,451-461 Mesh,13,65,367-370,377,380
dielectric-backed,370 effective impedance of, 367, 380,394
Microscopic order macroscopic disorder; see also MOMD Mirror, 13, 21, 22, 35, 36, 64-66, 82, 355, 364, 366-370, 373, 374,
566 Oleg Y. Grinberg and Lawrence J. Berliner
376-384, 386-392, 394, 395, 405, 459
grid, 65, 367-370, 372-374, 380; see also Wire grid off-axis elliptical, 64 partially reflective, 364, 367, 376,378,389
Mixer, 35, 36, 64, 252, 253, 319, 320,384,385,405,414,526,528 Mode
TEo) .. 7, 13,418,420 transmission, 12, 20, 22, 34, 35, 359, 371, 372, 375, 387, 392, 395,479 whispering gallery, 381, 382, 405
Model FIM, fast internal motion, 112 of strong-jump, 448 of modulation, 457
Modulation, 21-23, 30, 36, 37, 60, 64, 66, 82, 85, 101, 103, 121, 147, 167, 173, 178, 181, 183, 186, 189, 192, 209, 210, 213, 219, 243, 251, 256, 257, 259, 260, 262, 264, 265, 295, 296, 306, 325, 354, 355, 367, 372,374,378,384,385,404,420
high-frequency, 420 low-frequency, 420
Molecular orbital methods, 80 MOMD, microscopic order macroscopic disorder, 29, 107, 111, 112,117,118,120,121 Motional averaging, 78, 79, 433, 438,450,454 Motional dynamics, 23, 26, 71, 73, 269; see also Lipid dynamics, Chain dynamics
Motional narrowing theory, 108, 436, 444, 446, 447, 451, 452, 454, 457,458 MRI, magnetic resonance imaging, 30, 123, 207-209, 212, 222, 242 MTSSL (1-oxil-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-methyl methanethiosulfonate spin label), 78,82,83,97,105-107,123,132 Myoglobin, 146, 153, 158, 159,403
Nanomagnet, 465,506,534 Nitrous oxide reductase, 316, 341 Nitroxide radicals, 5, 10, 77, 78, 122, 123, 131,490 NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance, 2, 4, 52, 55, 83, 85, 87, 96, 103, 147, 209-212, 218, 222, 223, 225, 229, 233-240, 242, 243, 244, 254, 255, 257, 298, 299, 311, 312, 314, 325, 332, 402, 403, 405, 407, 415, 417,420,423,425,454 Noise characteristics, 13, 62 Non-axial rotation, 446, 451; see also Off-axis rotation
Off-axis rotation, 434, 446-451; see also Non-axial rotation Order parameter, 111, 112, 115, 129, 130, 189, 215, 438, 443, 450, 452, 453, 456-459, 461; see also Ordering tensor, Azimuthal order parameter, Lateral ordering Ordering tensor, 444; see also Order parameter, Azimuthal order parameter, Lateral ordering Orientational pseudopotential, 442 Orientational selection, 71,432,435 O-terpheny1, 25, 26, 115, 116
Very High Frequency (VHF) ESRlEPR, Index 567
Overmoded resonator, 353, 355, 358, 362, 364, 366, 370, 372, 375, 379, 382, 395; see also Overmoded waveguide Overmoded waveguide; see also Overmoded resonator
P680, 48, 49,502 P700, 48, 49, 76, 77, 201, 495, 497-500 P865, 50, 51, 56-58, 66-70, 74-76, 83, 168-174, 176, 177, 181, 265-267,269,499-501 Pairs, 46, 50, 51, 52, 66, 67, 74, 76, 80,84, 123, 124, 167-169, 176-181, 183, 200, 201, 217, 265, 308, 310, 337, 421, 495, 496, 513, 534; see also Spin-correlated radical pairs, Correlated radical pairs PELDOR, pulsed ENDOR, 63, 71, 135, 257, 272, 279, 282, 297, 299, 306, 311, 320, 324, 325, 333, 346, 404, 405, 421-424, 427, 428, 479, 496
dual-frequency, 63 field-jump, 63
Persistent mode, 66, 412, 415-417; see also Mode Phosphatidylcholine, 29, 117, 119, 127, 436, 452, 453, 454-456, 458-461 Phospholipids 103, 129, 130,451 Phosphorus, 331,403 Photoexcitation, 126, 166, 168, 181, 201 Photosynthesis, 47-52, 55, 58, 66-68, 70, 72, 76, 84, 165, 167, 168, 183,306,495,496,533 Photosynthetic reaction center, 48, 66,126,187,189,528,530
Photosystem I, 49, 121, 122, 148, 166, 168, 181, 182, 184, 190-194, 196, 197, 199, 200; see also Photo system II; see also Photosystem I Polarity, 10, 31, 77-80, 82, 83, 98, 102, 130-132, 314, 332, 333, 393, 435,457,462
profile of, 78, 131 proticity, 77, 132
Polarization, 35-37, 45, 64, 74, 110, 154, 155, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 176-178, 184, 186, 190-196, 201, 266, 269, 282, 284, 312, 313, 316, 332, 342, 355, 362, 364, 366, 370-375, 377, 379, 405, 428, 479, 498, 507,510,527-529; see also Circular polarization, Linear polarization Polarizing interferometer, 373, 374 Poly(amino carboxylate), 209 Polymer, 30, 116, 119, 122, 134, 403 Porous polymer resin, 120 Powder pattern, 68, 99, 130, 254, 315-317, 325, 326, 331-333, 335, 337,343,344,435,440,469,503 Primary donor, 48-51, 56, 67-69, 76, 77, 166, 167, 169, 171, 181, 182, 185, 188, 190, 192, 197-199, 201,497,499,500,502,530,532 Pulse length, 62, 251, 252, 255, 259,405,419 Purple bacteria, 47,50,52, 166
Quantum beats oscillations, 168 Quantum coherence, 167,534 Quantum computation, 534 Quantum decoherence, see also Quantum coherence Quarter-wave transformer, 374
568 Oleg 1'. Grinberg and Lawrence J Berliner
Quartz tube, 417, 419, 420
Rectangular cavity, 5, 355-357, 361, 362, 526; see also Cylindrical resonator Reflection, 13,35,38,65,319,321, 354, 355, 359-361, 366, 370, 371, 373,-375, 378, 385-387, 391, 392, 394, 395, 405; see also Cylindrical resonator reflection Relaxing-local-systems, 456 Resonator oscillator, 61 Restricted random walk, 438 Retinal, 47,52,53, 79 Ribonucleotide reductase, 122, 145, 146,148,306 Rotamers, 443 Rotational correlation time, 27, 105, 121, 208, 211, 228, 233, 235-237, 239, 260, 262, 388, 433, 439, 447, 450, 451, 454, 455; see also Correlation time Rotational diffusion coefficient, 450, 456, 461; see also Diffusion coefficient Rotational diffusion tensor, 25, 101, 110-112; see also Diffusion coefficients
Sample geometry of, 34, 361, 362, 385 thin layer, 357 volume of, 9, 103, 252, 292, 357,358,385,394,528
SDSL, site-directed spin labeling, 45,77,97,98,122 Sensitivity; see also Absolute sensitivity
absolute point, 103, 135
concentration, 9, 22, 23, 104, 354, 357, 358, 361, 374, 394, 395, 469, 475, 496, 525, 526, 528
Sequential electron transfer spinpolarization, 165; see also ESP Shallow-electron center in AgCI, 278,404 Shunt,22,30,34,35,380,381,387, 395 Single-mode, 103, 133, 278, 292, 355, 358, 361-364, 371, 375, 376, 403, 496; see also Mode Slow motion, 5, 85, 102, 106, 107, 110, 120, 122, 218, 254, 261, 262, 452, 462; see also Fast motion, Intermediate motion Slow rotational diffusion, 449; see also Brownian diffusion Spectral resolution, 2, 4, 5, 11, 29, 30,39,58,59,68,81,101-103,111, 123, 125, 146, 147, 167, 250, 262, 278, 280, 408, 466, 478, 495, 496, 499 Spin density, 71, 80, 131, 192, 198, 282-285, 287-290, 297-300, 308, 309, 343, 442, 480, 482, 489, 498, 534 Spin Hamiltonian, 54, 58, 59, 71, 74,98, 99, 109, 123, 152, 153, 183, 184, 186, 212, 214, 264, 307, 409, 434, 435, 442, 455, 458, 460, 470-472, 474, 475, 484, 506, 508, 515; see also Time-dependent Hamiltonian Spin relaxation, 39, 74, 208-210, 212, 213, 222, 229, 233, 235, 239, 240, 242, 266, 269, 289, 316; see also Electronic relaxation, Transverse relaxation
Very High Frequency (VHF) ESRlEPR, Index 569
Spin-correlated radical pairs, 168, 179, 181, 183,200; see also Pairs, Correlated radical pairs Spin-labeling, 78, 96-98, 103-106, 119,120, 122, ~23, 128, 129 SRLS, slowly relaxing local structure, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 112, 114, 115-118, 444-446, 456 Stability, 8, 62, 250, 317, 320, 345, 369, 402, 408, 410, 417, 419, 470, 506, 507; see also Current stability Stimulated echo decay, 262, 271; see also ESE Strong-jump rotation, 448 Superheterodyne, 526 Sweep coils, 21, 60 Sweep speed, 416
Tempone,104,404 Time-dependent Hamiltonian, 114; see also Spin Hamiltonian TMI, transition metal ions, 32, 306, 332,337,345,384,412,468,478 TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-l-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid, 82, 123 Torsional potential, 443, 444 Transfer
electron-proton, 149, 152 of electron, 47-51, 166-171, 174-177, 182, 198-201,265, 341,498,502,503 of proton, 45,52,77
Transformation, 11, 113, 114, 187, 215,226,228,374,410
coordinate, 112, 113, 114 Hilbert, 64
Trans-gauche isomerism, 444, 454, 455 Transient EMR, 466
Transmission line, 5, 64, 368, 370, 380,385-387,392,395 Transverse relaxation, 208, 209, 218, 223, 225, 22~ 233, 257, 26~ 270, 439; see also Spin relaxation, Electronic relaxation TRIPLE, triple resonance, 57, 66, 314, 315, 328-330, 405, 413, 421, 424 Triplet, 24, 46, 48, 70, 77, 100, 126, 167, 169, 170, 174, 176, 200, 278, 447,470,475,528-531,533,534 Tyrosyl radical 77, 146-152, 160, 496
Ubiquinone acceptor, 169 Uniaxial rotation, 267, 268, 433, 441; see also Anisotropic rotation, Axial rotation Unidirectionality, 50, 67
Waveguide, 4, 5, 7, 9, 19, 20, 65, 321, 322, 353, 355, 362, 363, 366, 370, 372, 374-316, 379, 382, 395, 480,526,527 Wire grid, 366, 373, 380; see also Mirror grid
X-ray, structure, 47, 50, 52, 58, 66, 73,74,76,198,199,293,294,298, 335,340,341,343,513,517
Zeolites, 323, 332, 333, 334 ZFS, Zero-field splitting, 30, 32, 33, 123, 146, 150, 153, 155-158, 209-215, 221, 222, 227, 229, 228, 233, 240-243, 306, 308, 310, 332, 469, 470,472,525,530,531 Zn-substituted bacteria, 166, 168