contents context case 1: urban poverty mapping case 2: community mapping ga mashie avenor case 3:...
TRANSCRIPT
Contents
• Context
• Case 1: Urban Poverty Mapping• Case 2: Community Mapping
Ga Mashie Avenor
• Case 3: Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey• Other pilot applications
District Metered Area E-Governance
• Lessons
Urban and Slum Growth Rates Proportions in Africa, 2001
Context
Constitutional Democracy since 1992
Area 239,000 km2
Population 23 million
Urban population 6.7 Million
Population Living Below Poverty Line 5.6 Million
% of urban population below poverty line 33.3
GDP per capita 300
Capital City Accra
Regions 10
Metropolitan Assemblies (pop > 250,000) 5
Municipal Assemblies (pop 95,000) 32
District Assemblies (pop < 75,000) 101
Number of Local Government (Assemblies) 138
Ghanaian main data
Source: Government data, 2000
Context
Ghanaian urban poverty data
Source: Making Cities Work; USAID, August 2002 and Pop. And Housing Census, GSS, 2000
Context
ACCRAPop: 2.5m (2007 Est.)Size: 185 sq kmMajor Settlements: 74Sub-Metro Districts: 11
Context
Growth of Urbanisation in Accra
Context
• Water: Most slum residents spend more time and 3 to 10 times more money to access water in their community
• Toilet Facilities: Over 90% of slum residents do not meet the international standard for access to an improved sanitation facility
• Waste Management: 60% of the solid waste are collected
• No sewerage system for all city
More than one million of urban dwellers without water supply
Around three millions of urban dwellers without access to sanitation
Ghanaian urban poverty data
Context
Public Health concerns
• Malaria: standing water for mosquito breeding– Ghana had an estimated 7.2
million cases in 2006• Diarrhea: areas that attract flies and
spread disease• Typhoid Fever: unprotected fecal
matter• Cholera: unprotected fecal matter
– In Accra, there were 102 reported cases between Jan. 11-17, 2009
Context
AYIDIKI
AVENOR
SABON ZONGOAGBOGBLOSHIE
GA MASHIE
ACCRA LEARNING SITE
Pop: 9,214No. of houses: 447Tenureship: Family/
clan Pop: 58,940No. of houses: 1,738Tenureship: Stool
Pop: 23,900No. of houses: 1,252Tenureship: Stool/
Family/Clan
Pop: 9,214No. of houses: 1,583Tenureship: Stool/
Private
Pop: 46,699No. of houses: 1716Tenureship: Family/
Clan/Stool/Private
NIMA
Pop: 88,640No. of houses: 2,429Tenureship: Stool/familyCase 1
Case 2&3
• Centrally planned state from independence (1957)
• Decentralisation and bottom-up approach to governance initiated in the 80’s and still in process:
– Local Government Act, 1993 (Act 462)– National Development Planning (Systems) ,1994 (Act 480)– Local Government Service Act, 2003 (Act 655)
• Previous attempts at measuring and defining urban poverty done using the old top-down economic focused approach (income)
• Shift and emphasis on a participatory bottom-up multi-sector measurement of poverty backed by technology
Case 1Urban Poverty Mapping
Background
• Task force formation– Economic Development & Urban Planners– GIS Experts and – Statisticians
• Task force defined and agreed on– measurement of poverty at community level– indicators to use
• Planning and Statistics Offices of the AMA - Data collection, disaggregation and analysis
• Urban Management and Land Information System (UMLIS) – Digitizing existing hardcopy maps and geo-referencing them
• Production of thematic, composite and aggregate maps
• Periodic updates of maps by the Task force
Process (December 2008 – May 2009)
Case 1Urban Poverty Mapping
Participatory community level data collection across all themes of urban poverty
Disaggregating data into themes expressing the dimensions of urban poverty
Linking of data to spatial units using GIS
Production of thematic poverty maps
City wide composite and aggregate poverty map
Informing decision-making at the municipal and local levels
Task force formation and decision on indicators and spatial level of measurement
• Housing Density• Room occupancy• Population Density• Solid Waste Disposal Method/Facilities• Liquid Waste Disposal• Access to Toilets• Income Levels• Water Supply
Case 1Urban Poverty Mapping
• Inclusive planning
• Targeted pro-poor intervention
• More responsive and coordinated interventions
• Peer to Peer Learning – replication in STMA
• Infusion of technology into local level planning
Case 1Urban Poverty Mapping
Some Outcomes
INDICATOR Jamestown Ussher Town
Population 17,784 28,915
No. of Households 3,312 5,728No. of Houses 1716
% using public dumps 79.15% 88.1%Access to Sewage 12.88% 1.82%
Access to potable water 41.52% 25.0%Access to toilet facilities 55% 5%
No of rooms 17,139 5,761Room occupancy 5.0 4.9
Population growth rate 3.4 3.4Age Dependency Ration 1:1.55 1:1.55
Economic Dependency Ratio 1:2.2 1:2.2
Top 5 reported
OPD Cases
Malaria 62.1 66.7Diarrhea 14.1 13.2
Typhoid Fever 8.1 3.8Intestinal Worms 14.2 13.2
Malnutrition 1.5 3.1Unemployed 13 13
Case 2Community Mapping
in Ga Mashie
Profile of Ga Mashie
Further specialized studies. Example Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey .
FGDs by residents and CHF Technical staff to identify key features
community facilities physical layout environmental conditions
FGDs by residents and CHF Technical staff to identify key features
community facilities physical layout environmental conditions
GACEED/GAMADA/OACADA advocacy to integrate pro-poor projects into AMA Medium
Term Plan
Application of GIS by CHF experts
Application of GIS by CHF experts
Community validation and Interface with AMACommunity validation and Interface with AMA
Case 2Community Mapping
in Ga Mashie
Population 8,725
No. of Households 1281No. of Houses 447
% using public dumps 31.03%Access to Sewage 2.29%
Access to potable water 28.03%Access to toilet facilities 21%
No of rooms 1209Room occupancy 7.0
Population growth rate 3.4Age Dependency Ration 1:1.55
Economic Dependency Ratio 1:2.4
Top 5 reported
OPD Cases
Malaria 71.1Diarrhea 5.8
Typhoid Fever 1.8Intestinal Worms 19.2
Malnutrition 2.1Unemployed 28
Profile of Avenor
Case 2Community Mapping
in Avenor
Community Transect Walks and FGDs to identify key features and discuss
community facilities physical layout environmental conditions
Community Transect Walks and FGDs to identify key features and discuss
community facilities physical layout environmental conditions
Advocacy by CHF/NIMCOSS/Avenor Residents to integrate pro-poor projects into AMA Medium Term
Plan
Application of GIS by CHF Experts
Application of GIS by CHF Experts
Community validation and Interface with AMACommunity validation and Interface with AMA
Further specialized studies into Housing, Sanitation etc.
Case 2Community Mapping
in Avenor
Community Forum with Housing the Masses (HM)
Zonal meetings for Landlords, Family Heads & HM
Data collection, using maps and interview guides
Data processing, analysis
Residents petition to GAMADA for settlement upgrading and general improvement
Active residents engagement
Introduction of technology
Stakeholder engagement to mobilize funds for redevelopment
Presentation and discussion of results
Case 3Ga Mashie Low Income
Housing Survey
• On going coding, entering and analyzing the data collected
Case 3Ga Mashie Low Income
Housing Survey
Other pilot applications of technology to promote good urban governance; bottom-up approach.
• District Metered Area
• E-Governance
District Metered Area
•Unknown conditions of existing main pipelines
•Unknown number of connections
•Passive monitoring of water distribution system
•50% of water pumped is unaccounted for.
• Illegal connections are common and not often detected.
Existing Conditions
• Expansion of the city into the peripheries ahead of urban services extension
• Only a quarter of Accra residents have continuous supply
District Metered Area
identity y_projection x_projection A/C NO NAME ADDRESS12050051 5.58437266 -0.2159786 12050051 CAPRICE HOTEL 12050061 5.58438934 -0.2166584 12050061 CAPRICE CASINO C24/1 NSAWAM ROAD12050071 5.5836286 -0.2160873 12050071 PROFESSIONAL AUTO CENTRE LTD C 28/7 BEH. CARPRICE TOTEL12050131 5.58503165 -0.215618 12050131 ALLOTEY J K WARD C BLOCK 7 HOUSE NO 53812050161 5.58508747 -0.2152844 12050161 MENSAH CODJO C550/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050181 5.5837177 -0.2098713 12050181 YEKINNI LATIFY HNO C 407/712050191 5.58516869 -0.2152132 12050191 NANA ATTU HSE NO C 535/712050231 5.58513491 -0.2149402 12050231 DATSOMOR EMMANUEL K HSE NO C 533/712050241 5.58515478 -0.2144549 12050241 APPIAH JOE C553/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050251 5.585164 -0.2142344 12050251 BOYE DOE ISSIAH C554/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050281 5.58515771 -0.2137432 12050281 ANNAN T.E.D. C555/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050341 5.58513952 -0.2138648 12050341 ANNAN N.D. C556/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050371 5.58509653 -0.2133972 12050371 ARYEE REGINA WARD C BLOCK 7 HOUSE NO 52712050421 5.58417678 -0.2086481 12050421 OMAR MRS NR HSE NO C 482/7 OLYMPIS LINK12050431 5.58507993 -0.2127498 12050431 ODOI DANIEL BEHIND C482/7 OLYMPICS LINK12050481 5.58518495 -0.2124286 12050481 KING SAM HNO C 560/7,KPEHE12050491 5.58501262 -0.2123234 12050491 SOLOMON MARY M.D. C561/7 SCHOOL ROAD12050521 5.58512569 -0.211906 12050521 METTLE-NUNOO E.A. C562/7 SCHOOL ROAD12050551 5.58509753 -0.2116205 12050551 DODOO S.D. C563/7 SCHOOL ROAD12050581 5.58506006 -0.2115907 12050581 SENAYAH EMMANUEL. C564/7 SCHOOL ROAD12050611 5.58519334 -0.2113416 12050611 AMOO KWASI C565/7 SCHOOL ROAD12050641 5.58516216 -0.2110335 12050641 DORKUNOR G.K. C566/7 SCHOOL ROAD
Extract of a GWCL Customer Directory
District Metered Area
• Eliminating (inefficient) human element in billing• Reducing unexplained water loss during distribution
Water Bills Paid within Area = Volume of Flow between District Meters (DM1, DM2)
DM1 DM2
ActorsGhana Water Company
Ltd.Aqua Vitens Rand Ltd. Public Utilities Regulatory
Commission
• Easy Identification of areas with problematic water supply
• Monitoring water supply by service providers
Water flow
Revenue flow
District Metered Area
Objectives
E-Governance
CHF twice organized the Urban Forum to build partnerships at the Institute of Local Government Studies, with participants from
AMA, STMA and other District Assemblies
Professional Learning Institutions - ILGS, KNUST
Government Ministries, Departments & Agencies
Private actors Local NGOs and Civil Society Organizations
•A policy brief has been prepared and circulated to participants and stakeholders.
http://groups.google.co.uk/group/the-urban-platform-GH?hl=en?hl=en-GB
• Participants prioritized the Urban Platform as a means to influence urban policy decisions and governance
LessonsUrban Poverty Mapping
URBAN POVERTY MAPPING
OUTPUTS
Thematic poverty maps
Urban poverty definition
OUTCOMES
Prioritized domains
Prioritized geographical zones
Influence on urban planning and projects
design
Community mapping for interventions– Participatory data collection– Discussing solution to undesirable living
conditions
Consolidation of data by use of technology (GIS)Consolidation of data by use of technology (GIS)
General Information and Maps• Income • Housing Typologies• Public Facility
• Refuse dumps• Public toilets• Electricity poles, pylons, sub-
stations• GWCL lines
General Information and Maps• Income • Housing Typologies• Public Facility
• Refuse dumps• Public toilets• Electricity poles, pylons, sub-
stations• GWCL lines
Specific Uses•Flood Intervention proposals•Housing improvements•Community Facilities
Specific Uses•Flood Intervention proposals•Housing improvements•Community Facilities
Amplifying the voice of the urban poor
Concrete basis for engagement with Municipal Authorities
Amplifying the voice of the urban poor
Concrete basis for engagement with Municipal Authorities
Capacity building at all level and across sectorsCapacity building at all level and across sectors
Local and Municipal level ActionLocal and Municipal level Action
Lessons Community Mapping
Participatory implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
Participatory implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
Community mobilization and consensus building
Bottom-Up
InIn
Urban Poverty Mapping
Community Mapping
Specific Participatory
Surveys
Good Urban Governance
Improved urban services
Improved shelters
Improved incomes
Inclusive Planning
Participatory Budgeting
Interface between Local Authorities and
Slum Dwellers
Multi Stakeholders Contracts
INFORMATION PARTICIPATION&PARTNERSHIP PRO-POOR INTERVENTION
Changed Power Dynamics
Improved living conditions
C o – P r o d u c i n g t h e C i t y
C i t i z e n E n g a g e m e n t
Active Engagement of Municipal Authorities to
integrate citizens aspirations into
plans and budgets
Scaling-up
SCALING-UP, a bottom-up approach to real sustainable development-oriented urban governance backed by appropriate technology.