PREFACE NOMENCLATURE

1. Introduction 1.1. The Scope of Pipe Stress Analysis; 1.2. Piping Components and Connecting Equipment; 1.3. Modes of Failure; 1.4. Piping Codes; 1.5. Industry Practice; 1.6. Design Specification; 1.7. Plant Walk-down.

2. Strength of Materials Basics 2.1. Tensile Strength; 2.2. Elastic Relationship of Stress and Strain; 2.3. Static Equilibrium; 2.4. Stresses due to Moments; 2.5. Stresses in Pipes; 2.6. Evaluation of Multi-Dimensional Stresses; 2.7. Basic Beam Formulas; 2.8. Analysis of Piping Assembly.

3. Thermal Expansion and Piping Flexibility 3.1. Thermal Expansion Force and Stress; 3.2. Methods of Providing Flexibility; 3.3. Self-Limiting Stress; 3.4. Stress Intensification and Flexibility Factors; 3.5. Allowable Thermal Expansion Stress Range; 3.6. Cold Spring; 3.7. Pressure Effects on Piping Flexibility; 3.8. General Procedure of Piping Flexibility Analysis; 3.9. Problems with Too Much Flexibility; 3.10. Field Proven Systems.

4. Code Stress Requirements 4.1. Design Chapter of the Piping Codes; 4.2. Loadings to be Considered; 4.3. Basic Allowable Stresses; 4.4. Pressure Design; 4.5. Stresses of Piping Components; 4.6. Class 1 Nuclear Piping.

5. Discontinuity Stresses 5.1. Differential Equation of the Beam Deflection Curve; 5.2. The Infinite Beam on Elastic Foundation with Concentrated Load; 5.3. Semi-Infinite Beam on Elastic Foundation; 5.4. Application of Beam on Elastic Foundation to Cylindrical Shells; 5.5. Effective Widths; 5.6. Choking Model; 5.7. Stresses at Junctions Between Dissimilar Materials ; 5.8. Vessel Shell Rotation.

6. Pipe Supports and Restraints 6.1. Device Terminology and Basic Functions; 6.2. Support Spacing; 6.3. Analysis of Piping Systems Resting on Supports; 6.4. Variable Spring and Constant Effort Supports; 6.5. Support of Long Risers; 6.6. Significance of Support Friction; 6.7. Support of Large Pipes; 6.8. Pipe Stresses at Integral Support Attachments;

6.9. Treatment of Support Stiffness and Displacement. 7. Flexible Connections

7.1. Basic Flexible Joint Elements and Analytical Tools; 7.2. Using Catalog Data; 7.3. Applications of Bellow Expansion Joints; 7.4. Slip Joints; 7.5. Flexible Hoses; 7.6. Examples of Improper Installation of Expansion Joints.

8. Interface with Stationary Equipment 8.1. Flange Leakage Concern; 8.2. Sensitive Valves; 8.3. Pressure Vessel Connections; 8.4. Power Boiler and Process Heater Connections; 8.5. Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger Connections; 8.6. Low-Type Tank Connections.

9. Interface with Rotating Equipment 9.1. Brief background of Allowable Piping Load on Rotating Equipment; 9.2. Evaluation of Piping Load on Rotating Equipment ; 9.3. Steam Power Turbine; 9.4. Mechanical Drive Steam Turbines; 9.5. Centrifugal Pumps; 9.6. Centrifugal Compressors; 9.7. Reciprocating Compressors and Pumps; 9.8. Problems with Some Techniques Used in Reducing Piping Loads; 9.9. Example Procedure for Designing Rotating Equipment Piping.

10. Transportation Pipeline and Buried Piping 10.1. Governing Codes and General Design Requirements; 10.2. Behaviors of Long Pipeline; 10.3. Pipeline Bends; 10.4. Basic Elements of Soil Mechanics; 10.5. Example Calculations of Basic Pipeline Behaviors ; 10.6. Simulation of Soil Resistance; 10.7. Behaviors of Large Bends; 10.8. Construction of Analytical Model; 10.9. Anchor and Drag Anchor.

11. Special Thermal Problems 11.1. Thermal Bowing; 11.2. Refractory Lined Pipe; 11.3. Un-insulated Flange Connections; 11.4. Unmatched Small Branch Connections; 11.5. Socket-welded Connections.

12. Dynamic Analysis Part 1, SDOF Systems and Basics 12.1. Impact and Dynamic Load Factor; 12.2. Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) Structures; 12.3. Damping; 12.4. Sonic Velocity vs. Flow Velocity; 12.5. Shaking Forces due to Fluid Flow; 12.6. Safety Valve Relieving Forces; 12.7. Steam Turbine Trip Load.

13. Dynamic Analysis Part 2, MDOF Systems and Applications 13.1. Lumped-Mass Multi-Degree of Freedom (MDOF) Systems; 13.2. Piping Subject to Ground Motion; 13.3. Account for Uncertainties; 13.4. Steady State Vibration and Harmonic Analysis; 13.5. Time History Analysis.

14. APPENDIX A Standard Nominal Pipe Wall Thickness; 15. APPENDIX B, Dimension of Butt-Welding Fittings; 16. APPENDIX C, Thermal Expansion Rate of Piping Materials; 17. APPENDIX D, Modulus of Elasticity of Piping Materials; 18. APPENDIX E, Valve and Flange Data; 19. APPENDIX F, ASME B31.1 Allowable Stress. 20. INDEX