Agenda:Ø Weebly Introduction

Ø http://www.folkhistory27.weebly.com/

Ø Make up quizzes/assignments!

Ø Review Ø Structuralism, Functionalism and Behaviorism

Ø Major Approaches to Psychology

Ø Use Chart for Notes

Ø Exit Slip

Ø Reminder: Famous Psychologist Pamphlets due tomorrow! (9/6/17)

9/5/17

Structuralismu Wilhelm Wundt, Edward B. Titchener

u Defined as:

u The theory of structuralism strives to understand the key components of the mind by breaking each thought and emotion down to its most basic elements (structures). The process of introspection, or looking deeper into the self, was used to understand and interpret the conscious mind. Introspection required people to focus on the emotion that they were currently feeling or the thought they were currently having and try to understand what made them experience that feeling or thought.

u Titchener held that the only elements necessary to describe the conscious experience are sensation and affection (feeling).

u Example:

u Take an apple. It is red, crisp, hard and sweet. Structuralism is only interested in understanding the basic definitions of something, not the more complex ideas and reasons behind it.

u It is the total sum of the parts that have been broken down into the most simple elements that make up the whole of something.

Functionalism

u William James u Counter to Structuralism!

u Defined as:u the theory that defines mental states by their function.

u What are the purposes of behavior and mental processes?

u What do certain behaviors and mental processes accomplish for the person?

u What this means is that your brain is inherently neutral, without behavior, but produces different behaviors depending on the signal it receives.

u Example:u Think of it like a computer. Like a computer, your brain receives all

sorts of data: what you see, hear, feel, taste, and touch. Your brain calculates the data and creates a behavior that is an appropriate response to your surroundings.

Behaviorism

u John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner

u Defined as:

u Behaviorism seeks to identify observable, measurable laws that could explain all of human behavior.

u Example:

u An example of behaviorism is when teachers reward their class or certain students with a party or special treat at the end of the week for good behavior throughout the week. The same concept is used with punishments. The teacher can take away certain privileges if the student misbehaves.

u Can be both positive and negative conditioning and reinforcement!

Sheldon Trains

Penny Clip

Contemporary Perspectivesin Psychology

LT: We will describe the major approaches of psychology. (Biological, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic,

Sociocultural).

LO: I will analyze the differences in approaches of psychology on the chart provided.

Biologicalu Key Assumptions

u Emphasizes the influence of biology on our behavior and mental processesu Interested in hormones and genes

u What’s it about?u Nervous Systemu Glands and Hormonesu Genetic Factors

u Influenced by:u Associationism and neuroscience

LT: We will describe the major approaches of psychology. (Biological, Cognitive, Psychodynamic,

Behavioral, Humanistic, Sociocultural).LO: I will analyze the differences in approaches of

psychology on the chart provided.

Evolutionaryu Key Assumptions

u How behavior and mental process evolve overtime. Adaptive organisms survive and transmit their genes to future generations.

u What’s it about?

u Physical traits, Social behavior

u Influenced by:

u Charles Darwin and evolution

LT: We will describe the major approaches of psychology. (Biological, Cognitive, Psychodynamic,

Behavioral, Humanistic, Sociocultural).LO: I will analyze the differences in approaches of

psychology on the chart provided.

Cognitiveu Key Assumptions

u How thoughts play a role in determining behavior

u “Mental Software”

u What’s it about?

u Emphasizes the importance of receiving, storing, and processing information.

u Also focuses on thinking, reasoning, and using language to understand human behavior.

u Cognition - thinking and memory

u Influenced by:

u Structuralism, functionalism, and Gestalt psychology

LT: We will describe the major approaches of psychology. (Biological, Cognitive,

Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic, Sociocultural).

LO: I will analyze the differences in approaches of psychology on the chart provided.

Humanisticu Key Assumptions

u People make free and conscious choices based on their unique experiences

u What’s it about?u Self-concept, growth seeking and consider people’s personal

experiences are the most important aspect of psychology

u Influenced by:u Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow

u Introspection and the belief in free will (choice)

LT: We will describe the major approaches of psychology. (Biological, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic, Sociocultural).

LO: I will analyze the differences in approaches of psychology on the chart provided.

Psychoanalytic

u Key Assumptions

u Unconscious motives and forces influence human behavior

u What’s it about?

u Unconscious processes, early childhood experiences

u Influenced by:

u Sigmund Freud (focused on unconscious desires, (Freudian slips, life and death instincts, libido, early life experiences).

LT: We will describe the major approaches of psychology. (Biological, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic, Sociocultural).

LO: I will analyze the differences in approaches of psychology on the chart provided.

Learningu Key Assumptions

u Focuses on measuring and recording observable behavior. (behavior results from learning)!

u Personal experiences and reinforcement guide individual development

u Social Learning Theory- People can change their environment

u What’s it about?u Environmental influences, learning, observable behavior, and

prior experience

u Influenced by:u John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner and behaviorism

LT: We will describe the major approaches of psychology. (Biological, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic, Sociocultural).

LO: I will analyze the differences in approaches of psychology on the chart provided.

Socioculturalu Key Assumptions

u Sociocultural, biological, and psychological factors create individual differences

u What’s it about?u Examines the cultural differences in an attempt to understand,

predict and control behavior examples include:

u Ethnicity, gender, culture, religion, socio-economic status on behavior and mental processes

u Influenced by:u Social, environmental, and cross-cultural psychology

LT: We will describe the major approaches of psychology. (Biological, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic, Sociocultural).

LO: I will analyze the differences in approaches of psychology on the chart provided.

Biopsychosocialu Key Assumptions

u Mental processes are influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors

u What’s it about?

u Biology, psychology, social factors

u Influenced by:

u Holistic health and social psychology

LT: We will describe the major approaches of psychology. (Biological, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic, Sociocultural).

LO: I will analyze the differences in approaches of psychology on the chart provided.

Exit Slip- answer all on a half sheet…

1. Which perspective places the greatest emphasis on the role of genes?

2. Which perspectives emphasize biological processes? (hint, there are 4).

3. How does the role of experience affect behavior?

LT: We will describe the major approaches of psychology. (Biological, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, Behavioral,

Humanistic, Sociocultural).LO: I will analyze the differences in approaches of psychology

on the chart provided.