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National Sustainable Habitat Standards

Consultation Workshop on


UNDER

National Mission on Sustainable Habitat

WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS

Ministry of Urban Development

29 FEBRUARY, 2012, NEW DELHI

ii


INDEX

Sl. No. Page No.

Preface iii

I Background 1

II Summary of Proceedings 3

III Annexure

1A Report of the Sub-Committee on Sustainable Habitat Parameters for Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Sector

11

1B Report of the Sub-Committee on Sustainable Habitat Parameters for Municipal Solid Waste Management

25

1C Report of the Sub-Committee on Sustainable Habitat Parameters for Urban Storm Water Management

33

1D Report of the Sub-Committee on Sustainable Habitat Parameters for Urban Planning

40

2 Agenda of the Programme

60

3 List of Participants

62

4A Presentation on GRIHA- the National Rating System for Green Buildings

68

4B Presentation on Consultations on National Sustainable Habitat Standards

82

4C Presentation on Sustainable Habitat Parameters for Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Sector

90

4D Presentation on Sustainable Habitat Parameters for Municipal Solid Waste Management

97

4E Presentation on Sustainable Habitat Parameters for Urban Storm Water Management

105

4F Presentation on Sustainable Habitat Parameters for Urban Planning

114

NNational Susstainable Haabitat Stanndards

iii

1


PROCEEDINGS OF CONSULTATION WORKSHOP ON

NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT STANDARDS UNDER

National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 29 FEBRUARY, 2012, NEW DELHI

Background The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat was approved by the Prime Minister’s Council for Climate Change in June 2010. The Prime Minister released India’s first National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) outlining existing and future policies and programs addressing climate mitigation. There are eight National Missions under the National Action Plan, with the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat being one of them. The focus of these Missions is to promote understanding of climate change, its adaptation and mitigation, energy efficiency and natural resource conservation. The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat seeks to promote: • Improvements in energy efficiency in buildings through extension of the energy

conservation building code - which addresses the design of new and large commercial buildings to optimize their energy demand;

• Better urban planning and modal shift to public transport - make long term transport plans to facilitate the growth of medium and small cities in such a way that ensures efficient and convenient public transport;

• Improved management of solid and liquid waste, e.g. recycling of material and urban waste management – with special focus on development of technology for producing power from waste;

• Improved ability of habitats to adapt to climate change by improving resilience of infrastructure, community based disaster management, and measures for improving advance warning systems for extreme weather events; and

• Conservation through appropriate changes in legal and regulatory framework. The key deliverables of the Mission includes: • Development of sustainable habitat standards that lead to robust development

strategies while simultaneously addressing climate change related concerns; • Preparation of city development plans that comprehensively address adaptation and

mitigation concerns; • Preparation of comprehensive mobility plans that enable cities to undertake long-term,

energy efficient and cost effective transport planning; and • Capacity building for undertaking activities relevant to the Mission.

2


With a view to initiating action in respect of the first deliverable i.e development of National Sustainable Habitat Standards, the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) constituted six sub-committees mandated with the task of identifying standards in six areas: 1. Energy efficiency in the residential and commercial building sectors 2. Urban transport 3. Water supply and sewerage 4. Urban storm water drainage 5. Municipal waste 6. Urban planning The Sub-Committees on Water Supply and Sewerage, Urban Storm Water Drainage, Municipal Waste, and Urban Planning prepared reports on National Sustainable Habitat Standards (Annexure 1). These standards would be integrated with relevant regulations to ensure that future developments are aligned in accordance with concerns related to climate change. To discuss the standards developed by the Sub-Committees, a one-day consultation workshop was organised by the Ministry of Urban Development at the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), New Delhi on 29th February 2012.

Na

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esenting MOartments, Uanizations (A

UGURAL SES

e outset, Ms.d the purposSub-Committ

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workshop, entation on on on tat. He entation by n trends in Ine about ernment initin sector. Heommittees

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the staporated in ations on city

Government ohasized the ework.

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OUD, State Gtility Boardnnexure 2 &

SSION

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orkshop was of the Sub-Cagement, Uhop broughtGovernmentsds, Researc

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ta, Director orkshop, whic

t r f a al e is e n nt e 6 d ess to

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Mr. Sudhir KriMr. Arun Goewith Prof. C

OF PROC

to get viewsCommittees rban Storm t together s, ULBs, Devch Organiz

(LSG), MOUch was to dis

nability concibed the proindicators

shna, Secretael, Joint SecrChetan Vaidya

CEEDINGS

s of the parton Water Water Draover 60 ofvelopment Azations, NG

UD, welcomedscuss the stan

ern should bocess of preand notifyin

ary (UD), MoUretary (UD), Ma, Director, NI

ticipants on tSupply an

inage Manafficials and Authorities, TGOs and

d all the pandards deve

be built into aparing the sng them un

3

UD and OUD IUA

the standardd Sanitation

agement, anprofessionaown PlanninInternationa

rticipants aneloped by th

all schemes ostandards. Hnder a lega

ds n,

nd ls

ng al

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of He al

4

Na

Mr. Su

Ms. PRatingratinggreenkinds mentiwith

She sprojeprocethat Tbeen

shouldsubje As a furthequantthat

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udhir Krishna

Priyanka Kog for Integrg system havn building 'd of buildingsioned that tCPWD and

aid that NCects. Pimpri ess of incorpTERI has tak used by CP

d be mergect.

follow-up aer discuss thetify them, anas far as

tainable Ha

a, Secretary (U

ochchar, TERIrated Habitaving 34 critedesign evaluas in differenthey working also with D

RPB may als Chindwad porating GRen up socialWD since 20

ed together.

ction, Mr. Are standardsnd provide possible, th

bitat Stand

UD), MoUD

I, made a pat Assessmenria developeation systemt climatic zog on model

DDA in prepa

so use the GRMunicipalityIHA rating il outreach a009 for ratin

. He emph

run Goel sug. The role ostandards be indicators

dards

presentation nt (GRIHA), ed by them.

m' and is suitaones of the cl developmearation of M

RIHA ratingsy is alreadyin their Munnd R&D acting of the dif

Mr. Sudhgave the the particmade bythat the legally sube at crostrategy tadded tstandardslanguageto revisit the natiocontext oof the byprovide astandardsnational workshopthat all

asized the

ggested thatof these sub

based on exs should be

on Green a national

GRIHA is a able for all country. She ent schemes Master Plan.

in their y in the icipal Byelaivities. TERI rferent kinds

hir Krishna, keynote adcipants and y the six Su standards ustainable. oss-purposesto popularizthat the ps should be

es. He said Building Bye

onal level Bof the propoye-laws and a legal bas. He saidworkshop, r

ps should bethe six Subneed for a

t four sub-grb-groups willperience of

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Ms. PriyankTE

aws. She alrevealed tha of buildings

Secretary ddress. He appreciateub-Committe

developedThe standars and there ze the standapapers relae translated that the Mie-Laws of DeBuilding Byeosed standarthe schedulesis for impl that in adregional an

e conducted. b-Committee discussion p

roups shouldl be to evolother countr

ent variable

ka Kochchar ERI

so mentioneat GRIHA ha in India.

(UD), MoUwelcomed a

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d should brds should no should be ards. He alsating to thd in regionanistry is kee

elhi as well ae-Laws in thrds. Revisioe of rates wiementing th

ddition to thnd state-leve He wantee’s standardportal on th

d be set up tve indicatorries. He sai

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Urban S

resentatives

standards prllows:

Water SuppCentral Publicolid Waste

CPHEEO torm Water

Urban PlanniCountry Plann

e four prese

SION I: W

first presentation was mser CPHEEOt challengeste change

dardized Sely; and reco

dards by the

esentative frr supply and

tainable Ha

be limited rts by March

who voluntee

upply and S

of WSP, ASouth Asia, T

Storm Water

of CWC an

repared by

ly and Sanc Health and Manageme

Drainage Sting Standarning Organis

entations (Ann

WATER SUPP

ation on Urmade by ShrO. In his pres in the wat and extervice Level ommendatione Sub-Commi

rom GIZ sugd sanitation

bitat Stand

to five for h 15, 2012.

ered to beco

Sanitation

ADB, GIZ, SwERI and CSE

Drainage

d CSE

the Sub-Com

itation Stand Environmenent Standard

tandards byrds by Mr. sation (TCPO

nexure 4) we

PLY AND SA

rban Waterri J.B. Raviesentation hter supply streme wea Benchmarkns on Sustainittee.

gested that should be li

dards

each of the

ome member

wedish E

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mmittee wer

dards by Mtal Engineerds by Mr.

y Mr. V. K. ChJ. B. Kshirs

O).

ere followed

ANITATION

Supply annder, Deputhe mentionesector due tther event

ks for Watenable Habita

the NSHS fonked with th

MDepu

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s of the sub-

Municipal So

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Ur

resentatives edish Embass

re presented

Mr. J. B. Raing OrganisaM. Deenad

haurasia, Deagar, Chief

d by extensiv

STANDARD

d ty d to s; er at

or he

Mr. J. B. Ravinuty Adviser, C

s. The sub-

-groups were

olid Waste M

of GIZ aU. Asnani

ban Plannin

of GIZ, Ssy

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avinder, Depation (CPHEEayalan, Dep

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5

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6


State Sanitation Strategy (SSS) and City Sanitation Plans (CSP). Programmes of MoUD and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) should follow these standards for sustainable development. The Chairman for the session, Mr. Goel, informed that there is a proposal to link the NSHS with the SSS and CSP under JNNURM Phase-II. Dr. Kulshreshta, Urban and Regional Planner, suggested that overlapping of indicators between sectors should be avoided and few of the most appropriate parameters, instead of so many parameters, should be identified. Prof. Saswat Bandyopadhyay, CEPT Ahmedabad, suggested that agro-climatic zones should also be considered for development of standards for water supply as has been done in China. Shri Wachasundar, PWD, Goa suggested that asset management and GIS based mapping should also be included while developing standards. A representative from Vadodara Municipal Corporation suggested that urban water supply tariff structure should also be considered for development of water supply standards. A participant made the point that long distance raw water conveyance systems should provide water connections to en-route habitations.

Points that were made on discussion on standards for sewerage/ wastewater were:

1. Different norms for rural areas should also be referred to in the Standards. 2. Indicators need to be evolved for different locations/regions. 3. Decentralized sewerage systems may also be adopted in small and medium cities (i.e.

other than Class-1 cities). 4. Generation of wastewater could be more than 80% of the water supply – this needs

to be considered in the standards for sewerage system. 5. Awareness generation in the community may also be addressed in the standards.

Na

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SESS

also reprecapaand tthat dstand

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Dr. M. DhiDeputy Adv

Coverage shoor water supndustry shoulwater from thelection of ttandards. he word “Sa

SION II: S

suggested tesentative frocity of the ithis should bdecentralizedards.

tainable Ha

inadhayalan viser, CPHEEO

ould not just pply and sewld use recyche water suptechnology f

anitation” sho

SOLID WAST

that rag piom ADB sugindividual U

be incorporad waste ma

bitat Stand

O

include popwerage systecled water tpply system. or different

ould be used

TE MANAG

In tAdfor preSerrecsta Dr. of the

ckers be ggested that LBs is very ted in the stnagement sy

dards

ulation but aem. o the maxim

treatment p

in place of

EMENT STA

the second sviser CPHEEO Municipal S

esentation inrvice Leveommendationdards on SW

Suresh Rohiwaste at so componentsiven a placclusters of Usmall, to detandards. Prystems may

also area wh

mum extent

processes ma

“Sewerage”

ANDARDS

ession Dr. MO made a p

Solid Waste ncluded bal Benchma

ons on theWM.

illa, CSE sugurce should s for develoce while deULBs should bevelop regiorof. Sanjuktaalso be cons

hen consideri

possible and

ay be incorp

”.

M. Dhinadhaypresentation Managemenckground; S

arks for e legal p

gested that be consider

opment of Seveloping stabe considere

onal sanitarya Bhaduri, SPsidered whil

7

ing standard

d avoid usin

porated in th

yalan, Deputon Standardnt (SWM). HStandardizeSWM an

rovisions fo

the reductiored as one oStandards. Handards. Thed, where thy landfill sitePA suggestele developin

ds

ng

he

ty ds is

ed nd or

on of He he he es ed ng

8

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in

SESS In theCPHEStormbackgmanaactuaindicapresedrain JS (Umust Chau

ational Sust

r points that

MSW rules neinkages to Ctandard for ocation of tratandards for

A norm for mndicated.

SION III: S

e third sessioEEO made am Water Dground; neeagement paal parameators for Sented over nage that the

D) suggestebe assignedrasia said th

tainable Ha

came up du

eed to be moClimate Chan electronic wansfer statior plastic was

minimum dista

STORM WA

on, Shri V.Ka presentatDrainage. d for a sust

arameters/ ters/ indicStorm Watetwenty indi

e Sub-Comm

d that while d to the indihat this can b

bitat Stand

uring discussio

odified aftege may be k

waste should ons should beste managemance from ho

ATER DRAIN

. Chaurasia,ion on stan His presetainability ofindicators;

cators ander Drainagices relatedittee had de

the indices ices to makebe done in co

dards

ons include:

r discussion wkept in mind also be inco

e made in thement need toousehold to

NAGE STAN

, Deputy Addards for U

entation incf the storm wdevelopmen

d recommee System. to storm w

eveloped.

were good, e them usefuonsultation w

with State G while develrporated in e City Plan.

o be incorportransfer stat

DARDS

dviser, Urban luded water nt of ended

He water

values ul. Mr. with State/UL

Shri V.K. CDeputy Advis

overnment oping the indthe NMSH.

rated. tion/ landfil

LBs at a late

Chaurasia er, CPHEEO

dicators.

l site may b

r date.

be

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The p 1. In2. St3. C4. S5. In6. St7. St8. M9. N

p

SESS

be incthe cplannlimits holistMasteSanjukeepT&CPbut sT&CPIt shonormsall sta

ational Sust

Mr. J. BSenior Tow

points that we

ndices need ttandards for

Contour and aettlements a

ntensity and torm water dtandards sho

Mixing of sewNumber of inrocess.

SION IV:

corporated lass of town

ning standar of the cityic approacher Plan and ukta Bhaduriing in mind

P, Himachal Pshould also iP, Goa said ould be incres can be diffakeholders s

tainable Ha

B. Kshirsagarwn Planner, T

ere made du

to be develor different rearea of the clong the riveduration of rdrains need ould be incorwage into stondices may

URBAN PLA

in the standans. Mr. M.L. ds should be. Dr. M. D

h should be the plans fo, SPA said t the 3D & mPradesh meninclude parathat the land

eased to 10 ferent for olshould be tak

bitat Stand

r, CPO

uring the disc

oped taking egions/town city needs toer/channels mrainfall needto be such thrporation in orm water mbe minimize

ANNING ST

ards. Sustain Chotani, Die developed

Dheendayalaadopted duor water supthat the indimulti dimensntioned that ameters for d availabilit or 20 yeard and new dken into conf

dards

cussion were

into conside size catego

o be incorpomay also beds to be conshat manual cthe municipaay be allowed initially t

TANDARDS

In the fouKshirsagarpresentatipresentatiand enhasustainabiindicators Prof. Saswthat there

plans withclassificatio

nable land uirector AMD

d on the basan, Dy. Adviuring formulapply and sewicators for usion format the indicator regional toty mentionedrs. Dr. Sureshdevelopmenfidence durin

e:

ration the diry may be drated in the considered sidered in thecleaning shoual bylaws. ed in case oto start the

rth session or, Chief Towon on Urbanon includedancing sustality, recomm for urban p

wat Bandope should beh spatial pon of land ususe plan shouDA mentioneis of carryinisor, CPHEEOation of Maswerage shouurban planniof the citiesrs should noto national led in the standh Rohilla saits. Mr. Asnanng formulatio

fferent partsdeveloped. standards. in the standae standards.uld be possib

of small townsustainable

of the workshwn Planner, n Planning S

d backgrounainability; mended parlanning.

adhyay, CEe integrationplan. The se in NUIS Suld be maded that susta

ng capacity aO also mentster Plans. T

uld be the saing should bs. Mr. A.N. t be confinedevels. Mr. Pdards is for d that the stni was of theon of Master

9

s of city.

ards. . ble.

ns. developmen

hop, Mr. J. BTCPO mad

Standards. Hnd; achievinplanning forameters an

PT suggesten of sectora

criteria foScheme shoule according tainable urbaand thresholtioned that The period oame. Prof. Dbe developeGautam, Di

d to city levePutturaju, Di5 years onlytandards ane opinion thar Plan.

nt

B. de is

ng or nd

ed al or ld to an ld a

of Dr. ed ir. el, ir. y. nd at

10

Na

Othe 1. D

R2. C

co3. M4. U

implespatianeeds At thproce

ational Sust

Joint SecMs. E. P. Niv

r points that

Development atio/Floor S

Considerationonsidered.

Method for inUDPFI guideli

ementation. Hal planning s to be adop

he end of eedings of th

tainable Ha

Mr. Arun Goecretary (UD), Medita, Directo

were made

indictors forpace Index

n of vacant la

ntegrating otnes may be

He said that all sectoral pted.

final sessiohe day. The m

bitat Stand

el MOUD with or (LSG), MoU

during the d

r appropriatmay be incoand and suit

ther sectors i revised.

in future CSneeds should

on Shri Chemeeting end

dards

D

discussion we

te density wiorporated. tability of la

nto urban pl

At trepimpopriobegthe thatstartbe plancoorand (CSPmaki

SPs would bed be incorpo

etan Vaidyded with vote

ere:

th reference

nd for differ

lanning need

the end, JSorts made bortant but

oritize the ngin with. He conveners o 4-5 standting point. Tadopted latns were prdination bereferred t

P) which wing a pe incorporatorated and m

a, Director,e of thank to

e to Floor are

rent uses nee

ds to be evol

S (UD) statby the subgro

there is number of asked for

of all groupsdards be

The other stater. He staterepared witetween diffeto City Sanwas prepaprovision fed in CDPs. multidimensio

, NIUA sum the Chair.

ea

ed to be

lved.

ted that thoups are vera need tindicators topinion from

s and desireadopted a

andards couled that manthout propeerent sectonitation Planared withoufor fundin He stated ional plannin

mmarized th

he ry to to m

ed as d

ny er rs ns ut

ng in

ng

he

Annex

xure 1.A

REPORT OF THE SUB COMMITTEE ON SUSTAINABLE HABITAT PARAMETERS FOR URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SECTOR

12

1. Introduction The National Mission for Sustainable Habitat was approved by the Prime Minister’s Council for Climate Change in June 2010. One of the deliverables of the Mission is the formulation of National Sustainable Habitat Standards. It is intended that these standards would subsequently get integrated with relevant regulations to ensure that future developments are aligned in accordance with concerns related to climate change. Accordingly, a sub‐committee was appointed under the chairpersonship of Ms Malini Shankar, Principal Secretary (Water Supply and Sanitation), Government of Maharashtra to evolve the standards in respect of the water supply and sewerage sector. The order regarding constitution of the committee is placed at Annexure.

1.2 Challenges of Water Supply and Sewerage in Urban India India’s population had already crossed the 1 billion mark in 2001 and it has been assessed that the urban population may reach 50% of the total population by the middle of the century, as against about 28% in 2001. It is estimated that the urban population in India in future will be as shown in the following table.

Table 1: Urban Population in India

Year Population (million), Based on Percentage of total population, Based on

Past Census UN Projection Past Census UN Projection

2001 286 303 28 30

2011 377+ 439 31.80+ 35

2021 459 575 37 40

2025 492 630 40 45

2050 695* 970 45 48

*Planning Commission now estimates urban population in 2030 at 600 million +Provisional results of 2011 Census. Water requirements for the afore‐mentioned projected population need to be assessed using the internationally accepted norms for the various sectors. Ministry of Water Resources has carried out comprehensive estimates on the demand for water in the country for various sectors for 2025 and 2050 as detailed below:


13

Table 2: Water Requirements for Various Sectors in 2025 and 2050

Water Demand in Km3 ( or BCM)

Standing Sub‐Committee of MoWR* NCIWRD#

Year 2010 2025 2050 2010 2025 2050

Irrigation 688 910 1072 557 611 807

Drinking Water 56 73 102 43 62 111

Industry 12 23 63 37 67 81

Energy 5 15 130 19 33 70

Others 52 72 80 54 70 111

Total 813 1093 1447 710 843 1180

Source: * Assessed by MoWR’s “Standing Sub‐Committee for Assessment of Availability & requirement of Water“(Year 2000) mentioned in the Report of the Working Group on Water Resources for XI FYP (2007‐2012) #National Commission for Integrated Water Resource and Development, MoWR 1999 The MoWR working group report also mentions that irrigation requirement estimated by NCIWRD is on the lower side as compared to that estimated by the Standing Sub‐Committee because NCIWRD assumed that irrigation efficiency will increase to 60% from the 2000 level of 35 to 40%. In view of likely improvement in irrigation efficiency, the recommendation of NCIWRD has been accepted by the Working Group. Availability of fresh water resources: The fresh water resource potential of the country has been assessed from time to time by different agencies. The assessment of 1869 Km3 (or Billion Cubic Metre i.e. BCM) of Central Water Commission (CWC) carried out in 1993 is generally considered as reliable. Within the limitations of physiographic conditions, socio political environment, legal and constitutional constraints and the technology available at hand, the utilizable water resources of the country have been assessed at 1123 Km3, of which 690 Km3 is from surface water and 433 Km3 from ground water sources. Harnessing of 690 Km3 of utilizable surface water is possible only if matching storages are built to the required extent. Further, it is scientifically accepted that long range water resources in the geographical environment tend to be constant‐ no additions can be made. A more direct


14

measure of water availability is the annual availability per capita according to which geographical regions are classified as water sufficient, water stressed and water deficient when the annual per capita availability of utilizable water is calculated to be – in excess of 1500 cum; between 1500‐1000 cum and less than 1000 cum respectively. By this yardstick, India will become water‐deficient by 2025. In reality however, many sub‐regions in the country may be already water‐short due to the uneven distribution of water. Supply of water in Urban India: A report by the ADB (2001/2004) mentions that the per capita water usage in European cities is about 130 lpcd ( litres per capita‐day) and suggests a maximum of 150 lpcd for Asian Cities, perhaps considering the differences in climate.( The MoUD’s benchmark for the same is 135 lpcd). It is significant that the norm refers to the quantity delivered to the customer and not the installed capacity which always tends to be higher. The CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply & Treatment, Ministry of Urban Development published in May, 1999 gives the per capita supply norms as given in Table below:

Table 3: Per Capita Supply Norms

Figures exclude “Unaccounted for Water (UFW)” which should be limited to 15%.

2. Status of Water Supply Services

While the water supply norms are prescribed, the actual delivery of water to the households may not be in tune with the norms. An assessment of the status of water supply service delivery has been attempted under the pilot study on service level benchmarking carried out by Ministry across 28 select cities in 2009. Table below gives the results:

S.No Classification of Towns/Cities Recommended Water

Supply Levels (lpcd)

1. Towns provided with piped water but without

sewerage system

70

2. Cities provided with piped water supply where

sewerage systems is existing/contemplated

135

3. Metropolitan & Mega cities provided with piped

water supply where sewerage system is

existing/contemplated

150


15

Table 4: Status of Water Supply Services

Water Supply Benchmark

National

Average

Gap in service, %

or % points

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Water supply coverage 100% 63.7 36.3

Per capita supply 135 LPCD 123.7 8.4

Non revenue water 15% 41.8 26.8

Consumption metering 100% 34.6 65.4

Continuity of supply 24 x 7 4.7 80.0

Quality of water supply 100% 91.2 8.8

Cost recovery in water supply 100% 68.6 31.4

Collection efficiency 100% 63.8 36.2

Complaints redressal 80% 77.8 2.2

Cities for pilot study were: Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bangalore, Berhampur, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Bokaro, Chandigarh, Chas, Delhi, Dharamshala, Guntur, Hyderabad, Imphal, Indore, Jalandhar, Kolhapur, Kozhikode, Nashik, Palampur, Pimpri‐Chinchwad, Raipur, Shimla, Surat, Tiruchirappalli, Trivandrum, Udhagamandalam and Ujjain.

The results show substantial gap in respect of all the indicators in spite of all the infrastructural additions over the years.

3. Status of Sewerage Services

3.1 Generation of wastewater

With the enhancement of drinking water supply to urban areas, wastewater generation is also increasing. If such wastewater is not properly collected, treated and disposed (including proper reuse and recycling), it will adversely impact the locally available freshwater sources


16

and even the piped water supply system. The cumulative effect of untreated wastewater can have wide‐ranging degenerative effects on both the public health and the ecosystem. Hence, proper treatment of wastewater is a must. Status of Municipal Wastewater Generation and treatment capacity in Class I and II Cities is given below:

Table 4: Status of Municipal Wastewater Generation and Treatment Capacity

Category No. of

Cities

Total Water

Supply

( in MLD)

Wastewater

Generation

( in MLD)

Treatment

Capacity

(in MLD)

Class‐I City 498 44,769.05 35,558.12 11,553.68

Class‐II town 410 3,324.83 2,696.70 233.70

Total 908 48,093.88 38,254.82 11,787.38

3.2 CPCB Annual Report 200809 The estimated sewage generation from Class I cities and Class II towns (as per estimation made for the year 2008) is 38254 MLD. Against this, treatment capacity is only 11787 MLD which is just 30 % of present sewage generation. This ominous situation of sewage treatment is the main cause of pollution of rivers and lakes. To improve the water quality of rivers and lakes, there is an urgent need to increase sewage treatment capacity and also to ensure its optimum capacity utilization. This urban management function needs to be recognized as one of the most important indicators of Country’s development in general and of water management in particular. The present status of the sanitation sector also throws up several other challenges as can be inferred from the results of the service level benchmarking study conducted in 2009.

Table 5: Results of MoUD’s Pilot Benchmark Study

Sewerage & Sanitation Services Benchmark

National

Average

Gap in service, %

or % points

Toilet Coverage 100% 85.8 14.2

Sewerage network coverage 100% 48.5 51.5

Waste water collection efficiency 100% 41.9 58.1

Wastewater treatment adequacy 100% 48.8 51.2


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Quality of wastewater treatment 100% 58.8 41.2

Extent of reuse & recycling of treated

WW

20% 6.8 13.2

Cost recovery ‐ waste water 100% 38.3 61.7

Collection efficiency 90% 42.5 47.5

Complaints redressal 80% 76.4 3.6

Keeping in view the status of urban water supply and sewerage services and the wide gap in their delivery, it may be concluded that the availability of water supply will become ‘short’ due to increased urbanization and made worse by the polluting potential of untreated sewage. In order to contribute effectively to public health and economic development, the water & sanitation services need to be made universally accessible and operationally sustainable but the benchmark studies indicate substantial shortfall in service delivery, posing several challenges. 3.3 The challenges in the water supply and sanitation sector summarized in

the XI plan document are as follows:

i. Water Supply

• Sustainability & Equity • Demand & Supply Management • Financing and institutional issues • Tariff & O&M

ii. Urban Sanitation (Sewerage)

• Expansion of Sewerage & Sanitation Facilities • Financing • Creating awareness on sanitation • Preparation and execution of sanitation plans for growing population • O&M of the Sanitation Facilities Historically, the planning response to these challenges has been expansion of infrastructure with greater capital investment. Decentralised governance was attempted with the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1993 delegating the functions of water & sanitation, among others, to the urban Local Bodies. Yet, the sector performance could not be improved to compare with the best practices the world over as evident from assessments from time to time and from the benchmarking studies. In a paradigm shift, the Government took up the


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challenge of implementing urban reforms aimed at improving the delivery of services in the entire urban sector including water supply and sanitation under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) launched in December, 2005. Under the scheme, Additional Central Assistance is provided to the cities and subject to the implementation of a set of reforms. The reforms particular to the water supply and sanitation sector are:

• 100% cost recovery for O&M • Universalization of service access including the urban poor • Revision of Building bye‐laws for making rain water harvesting mandatory • Revision of building bye‐laws for reuse of treated waste water

4. Strategies for Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Given the above background, the committee has identified the following strategies for bringing about sustainability in the water supply and sanitation sector 4.1 Water supply

• Supply side management • Demand Side Management • Leakage Management ‐ Reduction in NRW • Rain Water Harvesting • Water Audit • Use of Water Efficient Appliances

4.2 Sewerage

• 100 % toilet coverage • 100% treatment of sewage • Recycle and reuse of waste water

4.3 Energy Efficiency Another issue crucial for sustainable habitats, common to both water &sanitation sectors are the energy efficiency. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has identified water pumping systems and sewage conveyance & treatment systems as some of the major energy loads in municipalities. It has targeted both water and sewage treatment & pumping among the municipal energy efficiency audit. The goal is to provide municipal water supply and sewerage services at the least cost and least environmental impact as energy involves burning of fossil fuels. BEE has identified 171 ULBs for energy efficiency studies under the MUDSM (Municipal Demand Side


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Management) Programme being implemented in phased manner. Investment Grade Energy Audit (IGA) has been completed across 112 ULBs and is in progress for the rest 64 ULBs. ULBs’ capacity in energy efficiency needs to be built by BEE. ULBs can also take up energy efficiency studies and measures proactively, based on BEE guidelines. 5. Recommendations The detailed recommendations of the committee are as follows:

5.1 Water Supply

5.1.1 Supply Side Management

• Water utilities should be encouraged to create/develop own sources for water supply to

avoid conflicts with irrigation/agriculture sector. • In case of multi‐purpose projects, ensuring first priority of allocation to drinking water

supply from available storages at any point of time • Long‐distance water supply systems must service all habitations enroute, where feasible,

covering a reasonable distance on either side. • Local sources of water such as lakes, ponds, springs must be environmentally managed

and used for water supply • Conjunctive use of surface and ground water should be explored • Water resources departments may adopt socially conscious actions such as imposing

royalty on water; mandating water supply to all habitations in influence area; introducing efficiency incentives/disincentives on the quantum of water drawn w.r.t norms; imposing conditions for 100% treatment of waste (return) water and if not, penalties thereof.

• Quality of source water for water supply shall be ensured and sound surveillance systems implemented.

• Mapping and digitization of water supply networks for distribution shall be done on continuous basis. Hydraulic modeling shall be adopted for rationalizing pipe networks and ensuring equitable pressure.

• Intensive and continuous public campaigns implemented for awareness on all water related aspects‐ the real worth of water; health & economic losses due to polluted water, wastages and even shortages.

5.1.2 Demand Side Management

• Adoption of universal consumer metering and volume based tariff • Over‐consumption of water to be controlled by escalating tariff blocks. Lifeline access of

20 lpcd (as per WHO & UNICEF) can be subsidized whereas at consumption level of 135 lpcd, full cost recovery should be built into tariff. Consumption beyond the benchmark should attract progressively increasing tariff. This will lead not only to sustainable consumption but also revenue generation and promotion of equity.


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• Tariff should consist of a separate “energy surcharge” worked out per unit of water delivered. It should be the minimum charge on even the lifeline consumption. It should be related to the unit energy charges and adjusted/escalated automatically as per the changes in energy charges.

• Water supply shall be on 24x7 for equity, effective metering and for best hygiene model of supply. Systems leaks & thefts can easily be revealed only with a 24x7 supply pattern.

• Water Meters and conveyance pipe upto private property line but including the meter, meter box, valves etc., shall be the property of water utility/ULB. Tampering, theft and scrap dealing in these materials shall be made illegal and offenders prosecuted.

• The utility/ULB shall levy a meter rent (preferably as % of water consumption bill). Testing and calibration of meter shall be responsibility of utility / ULB, along with its repair and replacement.

• The utility/ULB shall make a provision in the form of depreciation fund/sinking fund at about 5% of assessment/bill and these funds may be used towards replacements and repairs.

• Incentives for using treated wastewater water and also from decentralised local sources.

5.1.3 Leakage Management and Reduction of NRW

• Universal metering shall be adopted. • Illegal connections shall be identified through water audit and community participation. • The ‘free connections’ shall also be metered and regulated such as free supply up to a

pre‐determined quantity; • The staff responsible for water supply shall also be made responsible for the leakage,

theft identification and their control. • The system shall be pressurised 24x7 and visible leaks repaired immediately. However,

automatic pressure management systems for reducing the pressure under minimum demand conditions can be adopted to reduce overall NRW.

• Purchase of leak detection equipment and use should be last step in implementing the measures for reducing NRW.

5.1.4 Rain Water Harvesting

• RWH and recharge recommended to be made mandatory. • Wherever the number of rainy days is high, rainwater storage & use systems shall be

used. Incentives may be provided on the quantum of water consumption avoided from the organized water supply system.

• Ground water recharge areas need to be delineated, mapped and protected. • Low lying areas, lakes and flood plains may be identified and reserved for storing rain

water for better environmental conditions. • Local nallahs, drains and streams shall have low‐level check dams for storing rain water

and improving recharge in the areas. • ULBs/ Town Planning authorities shall identify and reserve 2‐5% of development area for

water bodies, either natural or constructed.


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• A system of Ground Water Table monitoring wells may be developed at ward level. To be used for assessing efficiency of RWH measures and also warnings against excessive exploitation of ground water.

5.1.5 Water Audit

• Utilities/ ULBs shall adopt universal metering for consumers, bulk supply and transfer etc., of water for enabling measurement of system input and output and calculate the losses.

• Utilities/ ULBs shall develop management tools/ formats for daily assessment of Water Balance for each source/system/zone using data of Water supply & delivery.

• All consumer premises shall be checked for ‘no‐direct water supply’ condition in meter‐shut off position for identifying water theft and illegal connections.

• The water supply and other utilities networks shall be mapped and city & zonal digital maps prepared for frequent check & validation of the infrastructure. The new developments and additions in infrastructure shall be regularly added to the database and digital maps.

• Water Audits may be carried out at periodic intervals.

5.1.6 Water Use efficiency in Fittings / Fixtures

• Smart water saving fittings (taps/faucets, flushing tanks, water closets, urinals, bidets and bath tubs) may be promoted through citizen information as well as fiscal incentives for manufacturers.

• Water saving automatic taps; air‐mixing taps and soft closing taps may also be promoted though citizen awareness programme.

• Showers with consumption displays and with announcements for wastages may also be promoted.

• Fittings with automatic controls shall be mandated for high footfall locations.

5.2 Sewerage – Sanitation

5.2.1 Complete access to sewerage sanitation

• Access to sanitation facilities shall be universalised (100%) without any barriers of any cost/fee, land tenure etc., including urban poor settlements, unauthorized slums / colonies.

• All properties/ holdings should be connected to sewerage system, even if they are not connected to a public/municipality water supply system.

• Sewerage system need not be the only sanitation system for liquid waste. Hence, Onsite sanitation systems shall be adopted for less dense settlements.

• Sewerage charges shall be levied on the basis of water consumed and in the water bill itself. In case of no water supply, alternative methods of billing shall be used.


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• Sewerage charges should also have an ‘energy’ surcharge/component, which shall be directly linked to the unit energy charges levied by the power utility.

• In view of the higher polluting potential, sewerage charges should reflect full cost recovery for all sewerage O&M operations.

• For on‐site sanitation, periodic cleaning shall be ensured. ULB may provide the equipment at a fee and also for final disposal, depending on the type of on‐site treatment involved.

• Buildings may have double‐stack plumbing system for separation of grey & black water. • On‐site packaged treatment units may be used to treat grey water, black water or a

combination, depending on the user choice. • Using a combination of on‐site and off‐site sewerage / sanitation systems for waster

water / sewage, 100% treatment shall be ensured, for environmental protection and sustainability.

• It is suggested that Sewage Management Rules, similar to Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules may be framed and notified under the EPA & Water Pollution Acts etc., in order to consolidate provisions under different Acts/Rules/Notifications and to focus attention on Sewage Management issues. Guidelines/Standards for Septage management and Reuse of Treated Wastewater have to be formulated.

5.2.2 Recycle and reuse of wastewater

• In case of multi‐storeyed constructions and gated communities, internal dual piping for toilet flushing shall be made mandatory. It shall also be mandated for high end users such as Hotels, Malls and Industries.

• Such building communities and groups of housing implementing dual piping shall also ensure on‐site treatment of waste water to the water reuse standards of the nation or as per international best practices till the national standards are developed.

• Supply of treated wastewater to industrial and other consumers shall be explored. • Utilities/ULBs may provide incentive on the quantity of waste water treated and reused

for which separate metering may be necessary. • Dual piping at street level shall continue to be prohibited due to the public health risks

involved. However, dual piping at street level may be adopted in cities with well laid out service ducts and with 24x7 water supplies but the pressure in the main water supply network shall always be maintained at least twice of the pressure in the dual pipe carrying treated wastewater.

• The water for reuse may be mandatorily colored. • Models for reuse of used‐water may be developed and its applications identified and

widely propagated for encouraging reuse at local level (E.g. Israel is said to practice reuse 6‐7 times before the intervention of treatment system. This may be studied and intensive water users encouraged adopting such practices).

• Incentives may be provided to customers (in water tariff, property tax etc) for the recycle and reuse of treated wastewater.


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5.2.3 Energy Efficiency

• Energy Audit may be mandated at prescribed intervals for efficient functioning of electro‐mechanical equipment in the sector.

5.2.4 Mainstreaming of Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs) for sustainability

• The service level benchmarks earlier referred to in the report have been formulated by the MoUD with a view to achieving all‐round sustainability including environmental sustainability. Accordingly, in addition to the specific recommendations above, the committee suggests that implementation of service level benchmarking which implies an outcome oriented approach be mainstreamed further at every stage i.e. planning, implementation and monitoring. In recognition of the fact that the SLB framework may not be met initially, a range of values for SLB indicators has been suggested as per the chart (on the next page) for different grades of sustainability, the ideal being the SLBs themselves.

Table 6: Water Supply Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs) for Sustainability

S.No Indicator Green

(Sustainable)

Blue

(Deficient & degrading)

Red

Excessive and degrading

1 Coverage of connections 100% <90% ‐‐‐‐

2 Per capita availability of WS at consumer end

135 Lpcd <100 >200

3 Extent of metering of WS connections

100% <100% ‐‐‐‐

4 Extent of Non‐Revenue Water 15% ‐‐‐‐ >20%

5 Continuity of Water Supply 24 Hrs <16

6 Efficiency of redressal of Customer Complaints

80% <70% ‐‐‐‐

7 Quality of Water Supplied 100% <100% ‐‐‐‐

8 Cost recovery of in Water Supply Services

100% <90% ‐‐‐‐

9 Efficiency in collection of Water Supply Charges

90% <90% ‐‐‐‐


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Table 7: Sewerage Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs) for Sustainability

S.No Indicator Green

(Sustainable)

Black

(Deficient & degrading)

Red

Excessive and degrading

1 Coverage of Toilets 100% <100% ‐‐‐‐

2 Coverage of Wastewater network services

100% <90% ‐‐‐‐

3 Collection efficiency of Wastewater network

100% ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐

4 Adequacy of Wastewater treatment capacity

100% <90% >120%

5 Quality of Wastewater treatment

100% <95%

6 Extent of reuse & recycling of treated Wastewater

20% <10% ‐‐‐‐

7 Extent of cost recovery in Wastewater management

100% ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐


80% <80% ‐‐‐‐‐

9 Efficiency in collection of sewerage‐related charges

90% ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐

ANNEX

XURE 1B:

REPORT OF THE SUB COMMITTEE ON SUSTAINABLE HABITAT PARAMETERS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

26

1. Introduction The National Mission for Sustainable Habitat was approved by the Prime Minister’s Council for Climate Change in June 2010. One of the deliverables of the Mission is the formulation of National Sustainable Habitat Standards. These standards would subsequently get integrated with relevant regulations to ensure that future developments are aligned in accordance with concerns related to climate change. Accordingly, a sub‐committee was appointed under the chairmanship of Shri. A.K. Mehta, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development to evolve the standards in respect of municipal solid waste management sector. The order regarding constitution of the committee is placed at Annexure.

1.1 Background on Municipal Solid Waste Management Solid waste management systems adopted in Indian cities/towns are highly inefficient and outdated, lacking public participation. Overall apathy is observed in the matter of Collection, Transportation and disposal of municipal waste. A system of depositing domestic, trade and institutional solid wastes on the streets / Open Spaces by waste generators and its collection by Municipal authorities from the streets, Open Space and its disposal at dump sites in a most unhygienic manner is in vogue. A pilot project on the implementation of service level benchmarking in 28 cities/towns conducted by MoUD revealed the following:

Solid Waste Management Benchmark Lowest Highest

Household level coverage 100% 2.6 100

Collection efficiency of MSW 100% 43.2 100

Segregation of MSW 100% 2.7 64.9

MSW recovery 80% 3.8 100

Scientific Disposal of MSW 100% 0.8 57.6

Cost recovery ‐ SWM 100% 0.1 159.9

Collection efficiency 90% 30.2 100

Complaints redressal 80% 62.5 100

For improving solid waste management practices in urban areas, it is essential to incorporate suitable mandatory provisions in the state laws and frame municipal bye laws to ensure Stake Holders’ active participation and minimum level of service delivery by Municipal Authorities.


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It is observed that, besides educating the masses to effectively participate in SWM services, some punitive actions need to be taken against those who do not adhere to the direction given to protect public health and environment. State Laws therefore need to provide for punishment on the spot to those who litter and do not adhere to the directions given for maintaining solid waste management systems in the Urban Areas and give adequate powers to the Municipal authorities to penalize the offenders. The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 has specific directives to the Local Bodies, District Administrations and the Urban Development Departments of the State Governments for proper and scientific management of municipal solid waste. Under these rules, it is mandatory for all the urban local bodies to provide facilities for collection, transportation, treatment & disposal of municipal solid waste in a scientific and hygienic manner. The law also should empower the state to penalize municipal authorities who fail to discharge their obligatory duties in terms of Municipal Solid waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000. The rules had prescribed time limit of 31st December 2003 for implementation. This time limit was over and most of the cities and towns in the country had failed to implement the rules due to various constraints. Therefore, The Ministries of Urban Development and Environment & Forests are in the process of amending the MSW Rules 2000 in consultation with various State Governments and ULBs. Keeping the above background in mind, the committee recommends that the following principles be incorporated in legal provisions/ bye laws by the Union, State Governments and Municipal Authorities. At Govt. of India level, the MSW Rules 2000 need to be amended in consultation with various stakeholders with a view to remove the barriers in implementation of MSW Rules, 2000. Adequate provision should be made in the MSW Rules, 2000 to initiate legal action against the Municipal Authorities under provisions of Environmental Protection Act, 1986 and the MSW Rules, 2000. The State Govt. may modify the State laws with a view to impose penalty on the Municipal Authority in the form of deduction of Govt. grants (State/Central) till they comply with the aforesaid directions and those contained in the MSW Rules, 2000. The ULBs shall modify their municipal by‐laws in the context of MSW Rules suitably incorporating the provisions made therein after amendment of MSW Rules, 2000. 2. LEGAL PROVISIONS 2.1 Duty of occupiers of premises to store solid waste at source of generation

It shall be incumbent on the occupiers of all premises to keep two receptacles, one for the storage of food/organic/bio‐degradable waste and another for non‐ bio‐degradable/ recyclables and other types of solid wastes generated at the said premises. The hazardous waste generated by households to be notified by State Government from time to time, shall however be kept separately in a suitable container as and when such waste is generated.


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2.2 Duty of municipal Authority to collect domestic, trade and institutional waste from the source of waste generation

Municipal Authority shall arrange for door to door collection and/or community bin collection of domestic, trade and institutional waste stored by waste generators as per 1 above in a segregated manner through its own staff or NGO/ CBO/ RWA/ Private Sector on a day to day basis; and may levy and collect. or permit to collect, user charges to meet the cost of providing this service.

2.3 Municipal authority to identify & allocate suitable locations to facilitate sorting of recyclable waste

The Municipal Authorities may identify and allocate suitable pieces of land in their Jurisdiction to facilitate sorting of various components of recyclable material collected by waste collectors and prevent such activities being carried out on the footpaths, road side, etc.

2.4 Duty of occupier of households / shops / establishment to hand over the bio – degradable, recyclable material / nonbiodegradable waste to the waste collectors

It shall be incumbent on households / shops / establishments and all other waste generators to hand over their segregated bio – degradable, recyclable waste and Non‐bio‐degradable wastes to waste collectors of the municipal authorities, or any agency fixed by the municipal authorities as may be notified by the Municipal Authorities from time to time, and pay the user fees as may be prescribed by Municipal Authority. Such waste shall not be disposed of on the streets, open spaces, water bodies etc.

2.5 Duty of Societies/Associations/Management to provide community bins

In a situation where door to door waste collection system could not be introduced, by the municipal authority, it shall be incumbent on the management of Co‐operative Societies, Associations, Residential and Commercial Complexes, Institutional buildings, markets and the like to provide community bins of appropriate size in a manner as may be prescribed by Municipal authority, for the temporary storage of bio – degradable waste as well as recyclable waste and domestic hazardous waste, to facilitate primary collection by the municipal authorities. 2.6 Receptacles to be kept in good repair

Receptacles as stated in 5 above shall at all times be kept in good repair and condition and shall be provided in such number and at such places as may be considered adequate and appropriate to contain the waste produced by the citizens supposed to be served by the community bins.


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2.7 Duty of occupiers to deposit solid waste in community bins

It shall be incumbent on occupiers of all premises for whom community bins have been provided as per 5 above, to cause all segregated domestic solid waste, trade waste, institutional waste from their premises to be deposited in the appropriate community bins.

2.8 Duty of Municipal Authorities to provide temporary Waste storage depots

It shall be incumbent on the Municipal Authorities to either Provide and hygienically maintain adequate covered waste storage depots in the city or place at such depots large mobile covered Containers / receptacles of green color for Separate storage of Organic/ bio‐ degradable waste collected from households, shops and establishments and black containers for storage of waste collected from streets and public spaces until the waste is transported to processing and disposal sites or arrange for direct transportation of such segregated waste from the source of generation to the treatment or disposal site. They shall also make adequate provision for the safe deposition of domestic hazardous waste material by the citizens as may be notified and arrange for their collection and safe disposal.

2.9 Duty of Municipal Authorities to collect waste from community bins and to deposit it at Bulk Waste Storage depots for onward transport

At places where waste is stored in community bins in compliance to 5 above, it shall be incumbent for Municipal Authorities , or an appropriate party contracted by the Authority, to remove all solid waste deposited in community bins on a daily basis and transfer it to the temporary Waste Storage depots/containers identified in the city or make suitable arrangement for direct transportation of organic/bio – degradable waste to the transfer station or treatment plant and non Bio‐degradable/inert waste to the disposal sites.

2.10 Duty of Municipal Authorities to arrange sweeping of all public streets and slums

It shall be incumbent on Municipal Authorities to arrange for sweeping of all public streets having habitation/commercial activity on both or either side and all slums on all days of the year including Sundays and public holidays. The Municipal Authorities shall also arrange cleaning of all public spaces at regular intervals and keep them clean.

2.11 Duty of Municipal Authorities to transport the waste stored at the waste storage depot regularly

It shall be incumbent for the Municipal Authorities to arrange for the transportation of waste stored at waste storage depots on a daily basis and ensure that waste is transported before the waste storage containers start overflowing at places where covered containers are placed.

2.12 Municipal Authorities to construct engineered landfills and setup treatment facilities to minimize the waste going to landfills

Municipal Authorities shall undertake construction of engineered landfills on priority as per the provisions of MSW Rules, 2000 and ensure that no MSW is disposed of at any place


30

other than engineered landfill. This shall be done in a time bound manner in conformity with Municipal Solid waste (Management &Handling) Rules 2000. Municipal Authorities shall simultaneously promote the processing of Municipal Solid waste and shall reduce the waste going to landfill by adopting the concept of Reduce, Reuse, recover & Recycle (RRRR). The Municipal Authorities shall reduce the waste going to landfills each year in phased manner (at‐least 15% each year) to achieve not more than 20% waste to be land filled after a 5 year period.

2.13 Municipal Authority to have freedom to select appropriate technology

It shall be the discretion of the Municipal authority, depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste, to determine the treatment of Municipal Solid waste either through composting or waste to energy technology, or integrated technologies in accordance with Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000

2.14 Biodegradable waste not to mix with inert wastes such as street sweepings, Construction debris, Bio – Medical Wastes etc

i. Municipal Authorities shall ensure that the street sweepings and Bio – degradable waste collected during door to door collection are not allowed to mix with inert wastes such as street sweepings, Construction debris, Bio – Medical Wastes.

The domestic, trade and institutional waste collected from the door step, (other than recyclable material, if allowed to be taken away by waste Collectors), kept in separate bins, should be taken to treatment plants; and street sweepings, dust and silt from the drains, which are generally inert, stored separately in black bins should be taken directly to disposal site to minimize the burden of segregation of inert waste at the treatment facility.

ii. The construction debris should be collected separately and should not to be allowed to mix with the waste stream leading to treatment facility, nor should it be taken to the engineered landfill. Such inert waste may be used for filling in low lying areas or may be recycled or used for other profitable purposes as deemed fit. Construction debris may however be used as a cover material at the landfills to the extent it is considered necessary.

iii. The Bio‐medical waste and industrial hazardous waste should not be allowed to mix with Municipal solid waste. They should be dealt with according to the Rules framed for management & handling of such wastes by MOEF, GOI. An appropriate framework for reporting of incidents of mixing of bio‐medical and / or industrial hazardous waste with municipal solid waste should be formulated, so that they may be controlled.

2.15 Prohibition against deposition of building rubbish

No person shall deposit or cause or permit to be deposited any building rubbish in or along any street, public place or open land except at a place designated for the purpose and in conformity with conditions laid down by the municipal Authorities.


31

2.16 Prohibition on disposal of carcasses etc

No person shall deposit or otherwise dispose of the carcass or parts of any dead animal at a place not provided or appointed for this purpose.

2.17 Penalty for non segregation of waste or littering on streets and depositing or throwing any solid waste in contravention of the provisions of this Act/Bye Law

Whosoever fails to segregate Bio‐degradable & non bio degradable wastes from domestic, trade and institutional waste at Source or litters the streets /or public places or deposits or throws or causes or permits to be deposited or thrown any solid waste or construction debris or carcasses at any place in contravention of the provisions of this Act/ Bye Law or permits the flow of any filthy matters from his premises shall be punished on the spot with a fine in the range of Rs.100 to 5000 as may be prescribed under the Rules framed by the State Govt. or by the Municipal Authorities under the byelaws for various types of waste generators from time to time. Such spot fines may be imposed and collected by officers and Supervisory Staff authorized by the Municipal Authorities including Police personnel. The amount of fine imposed, if not paid on the spot, shall be recoverable as arrears of Property Tax or in any other manner deemed appropriate by the Municipal Authority.

The Municipal Authority may also recover the cost of removal such waste from the defaulter in addition to fine imposed.

The amount of fine shall be kept higher for repeat offences.

2.18 Sanctions against municipal authority failing to comply with MSW Rules, 2000 or Provision of this Act

If the Municipal Authority fails to discharge its obligatory functions under MSW Rules, 2000 or the direction given in aforesaid provisions of the Act, on the recommendation of the State Pollution Control Board, or on its own, the State Govt. may impose penalty on the Municipal Authority in the form of deduction of Govt. grants (State/Central) ranging from Rs. 50000 to 5 lacs per month till they comply with the aforesaid directions and those contained in the MSW Rules, 2000.

This would be besides the legal action that could be taken against the Municipal Authorities under provisions of Environmental Protection Act, 1986 and the MSW Rules, 2000. The Municipal Authorities, may in turn, fix the responsibility of officers and staff for non performance and impose punishment as deemed appropriate. 2.19 District Collector/Deputy Commissioner to allot suitable parcels of waste

land/less productive agriculture land for setting up municipal solid waste treatment and disposal facilities

In absence of availability of suitable land for construction of municipal solid waste treatment and disposal facilities, and on request from a municipal authority to allot suitable land for the aforesaid purpose, the district collector/deputy commissioner of the district shall identify and allot suitable parcels of waste lands, (and in absence of waste land, relatively


32

less productive land), for setting up waste processing/treatment facility and engineered landfill for the municipal authority at a price that may be determined by the State Govt. In order to optimize the use of the land for the benefit of several such Authorities, the State Govt. may also identify a suitably large parcel of land, using satellite imagery, for setting up regional (common) landfill for clusters of cities / towns, within a reasonable travel distance from the Town/Cities. As a preferred course of action, the State may direct all the Municipal Authorities below 10 Lac populations falling in the clusters so determined to set up a common waste disposal facility on such land on a cost sharing basis. It is desirable for State Governments to create a suitable policy framework to enable shared facilities to be implemented. The modus‐operandi for construction & O & M of such common facility may be determined by State Govt.

2.20 Planning authorities to reserve suitable land for treatment and disposal of Municipal Solid wastes

The Planning authority of the State / region/ District/ City shall reserve suitable land for treatment and disposal of municipal Solid waste in the development plan/ land use plan of the city / district /region and state, as and when prepared / approved by them. 3. Mainstreaming of Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs) for sustainability

Service level benchmarks have been formulated by the MoUD with a view to achieving all‐round sustainability including environmental sustainability. Accordingly, in addition to the specific recommendations above, the committee suggests that implementation of service level benchmarking which implies an outcome oriented approach be mainstreamed further at every stage i.e planning, implementation and monitoring. In recognition of the fact that the SLB framework may not be met initially, a range of values for SLB indicators has been suggested as per the chart (on the next page) for different grades of sustainability, the ideal being the SLBs themselves.

ANNEX

XURE – 1CC:

REPORT OF THE SUB COMMITTEE ON SUSTAINABLE HABITAT PARAMETERS FOR URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

34

1. Background Many cities in India ranging from large metropolitan to small transitional cities lack effective storm drainage systems and face problems due to illegal, unplanned development and encroachment often on natural areas and drainage systems/ways. As the cities develop and grow, benefits from important environmental functions (natural water ways/areas) are often ignored and overlooked as a result of which natural areas are degraded and damaged. This along with increase in built up area results in increase in incidences of flooding and accompanied ill effects. The densification of cities is leading to construction of roads, buildings which has resulted in increase in impermeable areas. As a result, often permanent changes to the catchment are caused, leading to changes in runoff patterns, which affect the magnitude, frequency and occurrence of flooding. This necessitates adoption of sustainable stormwater management practices in cities. The core of sustainable stormwater management is to consider stormwater as a potential resource rather than as a liability or a waste product. This shift can only be initiated by a visionary stormwater management approach which combines the preventive measures with the traditional curative and reactive measures in appropriate sum so as to minimize negative impacts on human, property and environmental health. In this respect, environmental health would include preserving and maintaining the natural hydrological cycle, groundwater recharge, natural drainage system etc. To address such concerns in various important sectors, the Prime Minister released India’s first National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) outlining existing and future policies and programs addressing climate mitigation and adaptation on June 30, 2008,. The NAPCC has set out eight “National Missions” as the way forward in implementing the Government’s strategy and achieving the National Action Plan’s objective. The focus of these missions is on “promoting understanding of climate change, adaptation and mitigation, energy efficiency and natural resource conservation.” The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat is one of them. The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat seeks to promote sustainability of habitats through: • Improvements in energy efficiency in buildings through extension of the energy

conservation building code ‐ which addresses the design of new and large commercial buildings to optimize their energy demand;

• Better urban planning and modal shift to public transport ‐ make long term transport plans to facilitate the growth of medium and small cities in such a way that ensures efficient and convenient public transport;

• Improved management of solid and liquid waste, e.g. recycling of material and urban waste management ‐ special areas of focus will be development of technology for producing power from waste.


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• It also seeks to improve ability of habitats to adapt to climate change by improving resilience of infrastructure, community based disaster management and measures for improving advance warning systems for extreme weather events. It addresses sustainability concerns related to habitats, primarily in urban areas.

• Conservation through appropriate changes in legal and regulatory framework.

The key deliverables of the Mission include a) development of sustainable habitat standards that lead to robust development strategies while simultaneously addressing climate change related concerns, b) preparation of city development plans that comprehensively address adaptation and mitigation concerns, c) preparation of comprehensive mobility plans that enable cities to undertake long‐term, energy efficient and cost effective transport planning and d) capacity building for undertaking activities relevant to the Mission. With a view to initiating action in respect of the first deliverable i.e development of National Sustainable Habitat Standards, the Ministry of Urban Development has constituted six sub‐committees mandated with the task of identifying standards in six areas i.e energy efficiency in the residential and commercial building sectors, urban transport, water supply and sewerage, urban planning, urban storm water drainage and municipal waste. The Sub‐Committee for Development of "National Sustainable Habitat Parameters on Urban Stormwater Management” was constituted by the Ministry of Urban Development vide OM No. A‐11019/2/2007‐PHE.II/CCC dated 12.8.2010 and subsequently, re‐constituted on 11.10.2010 (Annexure‐I). List of the members is at Annexure‐II. The Sub‐Committee met under the chairmanship of JS (UD) three times between October to December 2010 to deliberate and evolve sustainable habitat parameters on “Urban Stormwater Management”. The approach that emerged was that "What gets measured gets managed". The development of parameters is essential for developing legal frame work/regulations to improve urban planning in respect of storm water drainage. Based on detailed deliberations, the following main parameters have been identified, which will enable developing legal frame work/regulations to improve the urban planning in respect of storm water drainage and minimize the incidence of flooding in urban areas. 2. Development of Indices

To assess and monitor the progress of implementing sustainable stormwater management, there is a need to develop key parameters and indicators. These parameters/indicators are generally in the form of indices, for systematic and scientific assessment of situation, progress and deficit. Therefore, each of the indicators designed for stormwater management should serve the purpose and promote understanding of where we are, where we are going and how far we are from the goal, which can be further aggregated to form complex indices. Based on this approach, a set of parameters/indicators in the form of indices have been developed which need to be considered at all stages of development


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namely, planning, implementation and operation and maintenance subject to its appropriateness and significance to the specific stage. 2.1 Master Plan Index Existing storm water drains are provided based on comprehensive planning and designing or in piece‐meal manner. The basic assumption is that each city has a basic master drainage plan and where none exists, the master plan would be formulated and the indices would also complement the formulation of the drainage master plan. This will enable the integration of the city's drainage master plan with the CDP. 2.2 Natural Drainage System Index This index can be defined as the ratio of natural drainage systems up and running to the total natural drainage systems (as existing on a predetermined date) and can be used as an indicator for the sustainability of the natural drainage system. 2.3 Drainage Coverage (Constructed) Index Level of coverage of an urban area with man‐made storm drainage systems. This index can be defined as the ratio of the length of existing constructed drains to the length of total constructed drains required for an area. 2.4 Permeability Index This index can be defined as the percentage of the catchment which is impervious. (Note ‐ Attempts should be made through sustainable drainage practices to restore the permeability index of the catchment to pre‐development levels). 2.5 Water bodies Rejuvenation Index This index is to define the sustainability of the water bodies (past and present). For the rejuvenation of water bodies, the ratio of total area under water bodies planned for rejuvenation to the total area of water bodies including those encroached upon may be used as an indicator. 2.6 Water body Vulnerability Index In regard to the habitations in the existing water bodies/flood prone areas, it was proposed that the ratio of total area under water bodies encroached (present date) to the total area under water bodies (on a datum date) may be used as an indicator. 2.7 Water logging Index


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This index is to reflect the sustainability of an area to incidences of water logging. Presently, the area inundated for four hours or more and having water depth more than 6” are considered as affected by water logging. However, to make our cities more sustainable and disaster resistant, the duration of 4 hours should be reduced to 1 hour based on experiences in cities like Delhi and Mumbai. (Flood prone area is categorized as one having 15 houses or more which are affected by flood). 2.8 Area Vulnerability Index In regard to the habitations in low lying areas / flood prone areas, it is proposed that the ratio of total flood prone as area (present date) to the total city area (on a datum date) may be used an indicator. 2.9 People Vulnerability Index Identify vulnerable points in the slums ‐Number of people affected in vulnerable area with or without drainage divided by total number of people staying in the vulnerable area (with or without drainage) may be an indicator. 2.10 Flood Moderation Index Lakes/ponds are the best moderators. The index may be defined as the ratio of area not flooded due to moderation to the area that would have been flooded without moderation. 2.11 Drainage Cleaning Index This is a very important parameter as regards, routine operation & maintenance / cleaning of drains. It is opined that cleaning should be done at least three times a year. (i) First, the process must start by 31st March each year and be completed one month before the normal arrival of monsoon each year. (ii) The drains should also be thoroughly cleaned after first heavy shower,(iii) subsequently, after retreating of rain i.e. in the post monsoon, the cleaning of drains is essential. In addition, the ULBs may clean drains regularly, as per requirement. The availability of trained manpower and O & M Manual for operating and maintaining drainage system also need to be ensured. 2.12 Complaint Redressal index A certain eligible category of complaints registered and those addressed may be considered as an indicator of the efficiency of stormwater O & M. The index may be defined as the ratio of drainage‐related complaints addressed satisfactorily to the total number of drainage‐related complaints. 2.13 Climate Change Stress Index The matter regarding the overstressing of existing drainage infrastructure due to climate change was also considered. As per the recommendations of International Conference on


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Urban Drainage in 2008, 20% increase in calculated discharge suggested for designing for future storm water drains was agreed. The index may be defined as the ratio of the projected rainfall intensity for a city to the present rainfall intensity being used for design for that city. 2.14 Stormwater discharge quality Index This may be defined as the ratio of the measured value of Total Suspended Solids (TSS)/Bio‐chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the storm drain water to the prescribed limits of TSS/BOD. 2.15 Sewage Mixing Index

Incidences of mixing of sewage with storm water to be avoided / prohibited. The index may be defined as the ratio of the volume of sewage flows entering the storm water drainage system to the total volume of flows in the storm water system. 2.16 Preparedness Index/ Early Warning Index This index would enable the quantification of the preparedness of the city/community and can be defined for each point on the drainage system as the ratio of lead time to the flow time at the point. Radar based advance warning system of rainfall as well as one based on real time rainfall intensity viz. critical rainfall intensity causing flooding /real time rainfall intensity likely to cause flooding in flood prone areas. 2.17 Rainfall Intensity Index Rainfall Intensity Index can be defined as the ratio of the observed rainfall intensity to the rainfall intensity which causes flooding in that particular area. It will enable the determination of the sustainability of an area to flooding. 2.18 System Robustness Index System Robustness Index for areas dependent on pumping, the index can be defined as the ratio of rate of incoming storm flow to rate of pumping. 2.19 Tidal Index Parameter based on cycle of high and low tide for coastal areas. The index may be defined as the ratio of tidal level for which the present protection is adequate to the maximum tidal level observed for that area/city.


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2.20 Rain water Harvesting/Artificial Ground water Recharge Index With reference to the encroachment of natural streams passing through urban, it was observed that on one hand, the pathway / water line of natural streams are being blocked / constructed and on the other hand, more and more developments are coming on by paving the way in enhancing the run‐off causing increased peak flow and frequent inundation in urban area. To overcome this, rain water harvesting to be made mandatory, while following building bye‐laws and at suitable places, considering the overall suitability, artificial ground water recharge also to be encouraged. The recharge index may be defined as the ratio of the rainwater volume stored/harvested to the ratio of the measured rainfall volume. In the planning level itself, 2 to 5% of urban area should be reserved for water bodies to work as recharge zone. 3. Way Forward These indices will enable quantification of the sustainability of the present status of the drainage system as well as sustainability of urban habitat from drainage point of view. Once these are quantified, these indices will be very useful in determining the appropriate sustainable drainage practices to be implemented in a particular area/ward/city. Above measures should be implemented by integration of drainage system with natural drains, natural water bodies / ponds / streams in the catchments, so as to achieve the sustainability of habitats in urban area, in true spirit, in respect of storm water drainage.

ANNEX

XURE 1D:

REPORT OF THE SUB COMMITTEE ON SUSTAINABLE HABITAT PARAMETERS FOR URBAN PLANNING

41

Contributors

• Ministry of Urban Development Ms. Nisha Singh, IAS, Joint Secretary (UD&A) and Mission Director, JNNURM; Shri A.K. Mehta, IAS, ex‐Joint Secretary (UD&A) and CVO, DFCCIL); Ms.E.P Nivedita, Director (LSG)

• Town and Country Planning Organisation Shri. J.B. Kshirsagar, Chief Planner Dr. Achala Mediratta, R.O

• Delhi Development Authority Shri BK Jain, Addl. Commr (Planning)

• National Capital Region Planning Board Shri Rajiv Malhotra, Member Secretary, i/c and Chief Regional Planner

• Centre of Excellence in Urban Transport, CEPT University, Ahmedabad Prof. H.M. Shivanand Swamy Prof. B.R. Balachandran Ms. Nitika Bhakuni Ms. Soumini

• School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Prof. Dr. Meenakshi Dhote, Deptt of Environmental Planning

• ICLEI, South Asia, New Delhi Shri Emani Kumar, E.D; Shri Ashish Rao Ghorpade, Manager ‐ Urban

• IRADe, New Delhi Ms. Nidhi, Shri Priyank Jindal


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About this Document…

This report on Development of Sustainable Habitat Parameters in the field of Urban

Planning has been prepared by a Sub‐Committee constituted by the Ministry of Urban

Development under the National Mission for Sustainable Habitat (HMSH), one of the

missions of the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC). The report outlines

a vision combined with a set of recommended actionable/measurable indicators for

the sustainable development in the country.

This document is intended to provide a set of base recommendations for further

deliberations at the implementation phase of urban planning under the NMSH.


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1. Background The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat was launched in order to draw necessary action plans to achieve sustainability of human habitats1. In order to kick start the process, the Mission has identified key areas that require immediate interventions. The first Meeting of the Sub‐ Committee for the Development of Sustainable Habitat Parameters in the field of Urban Planning was held on 14th September 2010 under the Chairmanship of the Member Secretary, National Capital Region Planning Board [NCRPB]. The Sub Committee short listed a range of issues that need to be addressed in order to achieve and enhance sustainability of human habitats. The interventions required to achieve and enhance sustainability cut across the boundaries of knowledge areas, sectors of economy, departments of the Government, segments of the market and groups of stakeholders in society. These interventions are not only interlinked but complex. This document attempts to present a broad approach to achieving and enhancing the sustainability of human habitats in India in four sections – defining sustainability – laying down the fundamentals; achieving and enhancing sustainability – articulating the key principles; planning for sustainability – formulating appropriate processes and measuring sustainability in terms parameters and indicators. While the term human habitat includes both urban and rural settlements, this document deals primarily with cities and their hinterland i.e. regions and serves as a framework for guiding development processes at city level and at the regional level around cities.

1.1 Definition of parameters and indicators The parameters in this report refer to the topical issues or elements of planning specifically outlined as a key factor contributing towards sustainable development. The indicators listed under each parameter are the specific measurements that will produce a clear picture of the condition or situation of each parameter and the extent to which it has been achieved/ planned for. 2. Defining Sustainability – Fundamentals According to the Brundtland Commission 1987, “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. The Commission’s report also states that “in essence, sustainable development is a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development; and institutional changes are all in harmony and enhance both current and future potential to meet human needs and

1 The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat is one of the eight missions formed under the Prime Minister’s National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC). As one of the Four Sub‐Committees under the NMSH, the Sub‐Committee on Urban Planning has addressed the issue of sustainable habitats from a planning perspective. While some of the issues dealt with in this document have been addressed more in greater detail by other Sub‐Committees, they have been touched upon here from an urban planning perspective and intend to be complimentary to the outcomes of the other Sub‐Committees.


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aspirations.” The two main characteristics that define sustainable development are efficiency and equity: Efficiency, in functioning and equity, when distributed within the generation and between generations. Applied to the context of urban planning and development, the most fundamental elements of sustainability are the utilization of natural resources in a city region most efficiently, most equitably across sections of society and in such a manner that the resources are conserved and renewed for future generations to meet their needs and aspirations. 3. Achieving and Enhancing Sustainability – Articulating the Key Principles

This section attempts to capture all ideas of what constitutes sustainability, under five core principles:

• Development • Efficiency • Equity • Safety • Harmony

3.1 Development

The driving force of urban development is economic and human development. Therefore sustainable development begins with clarity on ‘what is development’. The important dimensions of development are a steady improvement in the material circumstances of all citizens, towards greater health, comfort and leisure, with better economic, educational and vocational opportunities; a city that moves towards greater self‐reliance and provides opportunities for its citizens to enhance their capability in securing development of themselves and their human settlements.

3.2 Efficiency

For the development of a city and its region to be sustainable, the resources available for development have to be utilized with the utmost efficiency to meet, first the needs and then the aspirations of those who live in the city region and depend on it for their livelihood.

3.2.1 Land Land is the most finite resource available for development and therefore its efficient use is fundamental to the efficiency of the human habitats at large. Efficient use of land has dimensions of putting land to the most suitable use based on its location, physical and ecological characteristics, conserving ecologically sensitive areas. It includes managing the nature and intensity of use keeping in mind aspects such as compactness, reducing travel demands, etc.


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3.2.2 Water The water balance in the city region is required to be understood and efficiently managed. Though the larger water cycle is primarily a natural process, human intervention cannot just minimize negative impacts on the water system; it can also have positive effects and even reverse the steady deterioration of water systems, which is the current status of most city regions. Efficient use of water resources involves optimizing the use of water and minimizing external energy inputs into the water management system.

3.2.3 Energy Cities are ‘engines’ of growth and one of the consequences is that they are energy guzzlers. The planning, development and management of cities and their regions offers innumerable opportunities for reducing the consumption of energy as well as resorting to changing the source of energy that is consumed. Efficient use of energy in a city involves reducing the overall energy demand through increasing efficiency, promoting low energy options, etc and above all promoting the use of alternative sources of energy in both the public and private domain.

3.3 Equity The definition of sustainability requires that the distribution of resources to be equitable across sections of society at a given point in time as well as across the current and future generations. The latter case can be assured only through the efficient use of resources and limitation of aspirations of the current generation. The focus here, therefore, is on ensuring equity across sections of society today. Equitable development manifests primarily as inclusive development. The planning, development and management of cities and regions should be such as to include all sections of society. Ensuring equitable development would focus on issues such as access to housing, health, transport and education facilities for all, especially the poor.

3.4 Safety

Urban development, by virtue of its very nature of concentrating human population and activity, creates risks for itself and the environment. These risks, when unmitigated, result in disasters involving significant loss to life and property, not to mention the environment. It is important therefore to integrate risk mitigation into all urban development practices. Ensuring safety in an urban area involves planning for urban development in low risk areas, developing norms to integrate measures to reduce vulnerability, creating mechanisms to absorb the impacts of disasters (financial), management of the law and order situation in a city, etc.

3.5 Harmony

Harmony is an element of sustainability that has not yet received its full due recognition. This includes harmony between manmade developments and the natural elements and more importantly harmony within the development fabric. Creating harmony in urban


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development ranges from issues pertaining to land use planning, development control regulations and building byelaws to create a coherent urban form, reducing pollution, etc. 4. Planning for Sustainability Planning processes exist in one form or another in all States and cities of India. All these processes need to be revisited to integrate sustainability principles. The principles enunciated in the previous sections need to be captured in an effective planning process to ensure that the outcome is sustainable habitat. 4.1 The Planning Process Urban planning involves creating live able places in a city by managing competing interests for location and balancing social, economic and environmental changes. Urban planning practice operates at various levels of city activity, affecting almost everyone, involving policy‐making and influencing decision‐makers on matters ranging from physical and social infrastructure, employment, development, natural resource management, maintaining the best of the past, while encouraging innovation in design and development of future spaces to meet future needs. The planning process is a cyclic process that goes much beyond the plan document itself. In general planning processes can be divided into two key stages, following basic conceptual steps as following: I. Pre plan processes:

a. Defining goals and objectives b. Initiating inputs based on the goals and objectives, data, resources. c. Following a process of data collation, analysis, review of results, consultation,

discussion, assessment, etc., through various planning studies. d. Coming up with hard outputs, a plan document, guidelines, associated policy and

budget outlines.

II. Post Plan processes: e. Outcomes such as land use changes, investments, resettlement etc. f. Influencing decision making, guiding new projects, handling hazardous industries etc. g. Impacts, direct and indirect like lower crime, better city environment, better city

economy, higher tourism, less energy consumption, better housing, etc.)

In India, Urban Planning and Development are State subjects and therefore the legislation concerned is at State level. Town Planning / Urban Development Acts of States need to be revisited to ensure the following framework:


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Table 1: Urban Planning Framework (*Depending on area and varying from city to city)

Who will formulate

Formulated through

Legislation

Scale* Challenges States where

Implemented

Time period

Proposed Revision/ Midterm review

1.Regional Plan

Macro Level (Inter

State/State Region Plan)

Interstate/State Region Planning Board

Interstate/State Region

Planning Act

Central/State

Legislation

1:250.000/

1:50,000

States do not

prioritise this

initiative. So need to

take up as a reform linked to release of Grants

D&N H, Mah,

Gujarat, Goa, HP, Punjab

20 yrs

10yrs

Meso level (Development Plan for District and Metropolitan/City Region)

District Planning

Committee and

MetropolitanPlg

Cmttee/City Region

Development Authority/STP

CD

DPC and MPC

DPC Act (State) MPC Act (State)

Development

Act/ST&CP

Act(State)

1:50,000

RigorousImplementa

tion of reforms required linked to release of Grants

DPC has been

constituted in 20

states and MPC has been

constituted in 6 States.

10 yrs

5 Yrs

Micro level (Master Plan)

Development Authority/STC

PD

Development Act/State T&CP Act

State Act 1:10,00

0 Ltd

manpower, lack of

capacity, no priority, no base map, no data collection

on a periodic basis

1800 towns out of 7937

towns and cities have statutory Master Plans.

10 yrs

5yrs

2.Zonal Plan Development Authority/STC

PD

Development Authority/ST&CPD as part of the Master

Plan

Development

Act/ST&CP Act (State)

1:5000 Ltd manpower, lack of


on a periodic basis

No inventory available on the

number of Zonal Plans

prepared

1 yr

5yrs

3.Local Area Plan (Ward

Plan)

ULB StakeholderParticipation

Not a statutory Plan

1:2000 Delhi has promoted this concept as proposed in MPD 2021.

No inventory

1 yr

5yrs


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4.Layout Plan Development Authority/ST

&CPD ULB

Development Authority/ST

&CPD /ULB as part of the Master

Plan

No legislation as it is a part of Master Plan

1:1000/ 1:5000

Ltd manpower, lack of


on a periodic basis

No Inventory

As reqd

5 yrs

5.Building Byelaws

At the property level by ULB. The Central Model BBL has been circulated to all States for adoption

ULB State Legislatio

n

N.A. Commended to States, some have not done even after advocating as there is no priority.

About 22 States have

adopted various

provisions suiting local

conditions

5 yrs

6.UDPFI Guidelines

To be adopted at all levels by ULB

ULB Legislation not

required

N.A. Not a priority

considered by States

No inventory

UDPFI advocates a set up of 4 inter‐related plans

Perspective Plan for 20‐25 yrs; Development Plan, plan for projects and

schemes.

Master Plans/Development Plans/ Comprehensive Development Plans for towns and cities are prepared under relevant provisions of enabling legislation for a horizon year and delineate the proposed urbanisable limits in both spatial and demographic terms. Outside these limits i.e in the peri‐urban areas there is lack of control in terms of assignment of land uses and development control leading to mushrooming unplanned and un‐organized growth along with little or no integration between land use and transport resulting in unsustainable development. A regional planning framework effectively addresses these issues in terms of a proposed hierarchy of settlements and assignment of regional resources/land uses and development control. It is therefore imperative to incorporate provisions for preparing a regional plan so that all master plans are formulated within a regional planning framework leading to sustainable development of both the region and the town/city concerned. Effective planning for sustainable habitats requires regular monitoring of indentified indicators of sustainability with respect to understanding the status of each parameter, the related issues and actions required to achieve sustainability. The next section elaborates on the parameters and indicators. There is a need to establish a required infrastructure/set up


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for periodic data collection, analysis and publication of outputs. Informed decision making and behavioral changes amongst stakeholders can be facilitated using such outputs. 4.1.1 Parameters and Indicators The intention of plan making is to put in place steps that would lead to a desired outcome or result. While the end‐situation will be affected by several variables, known and unknown, a scientific approach of measurement leading to review may be undertaken which will enable the plan and policy makers to gauge performance and revise the steps as required for the next planning cycle. Indicators are measurements or values that indicate (point towards) something i.e. informs us of a condition or situation. This document identifies indicators for gathering information regarding elements of planning (parameters) for being able to measure effectiveness of the planning process. Performance measurement should be used for guidance, as an indication, rather than to provide solutions, and that all indicators of performance may need to be viewed at differentiated or unequal scales (not similarly weighted) depending on local conditions. To measure the effectiveness of the plan document, the following indicators may be adopted. • Indicator‐i: Periodicity of plan preparation and revision (measured as average age of

plans). • Indicator‐ii: Adoption of land suitability analysis, including disaster risk assessment. • Indicator‐iii: Adherence to environmental/land use zonation (Adoption of Environmental

Assessment as part of plan making). • Indicator‐iv: Inclusion of features for land use transport integration, compact city

planning, risk mitigation and universal access to housing. The key elements of the planning process from a sustainability perspective are as follows: 4.2 Land use Land use planning is used as a tool to direct development within an urban area, in an orderly way, making infrastructure and services available, efficient and affordable, protecting people and local environment from hazards and ensuring equity and providing an opportunity for better life. Land use planning focuses on the systematic, timely supply for appropriate land and identifying the appropriate nature of usage. From a sustainability perspective, land use planning should take into account factors such as compact city development to limit urban sprawl, protection of ecologically sensitive and risk prone areas, density zoning, land use‐ transport integration.


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4.2.1 Indicators:

i. Suitability • Indicator‐i: Area/population experiencing natural hazard risks during the past 5 years. • Indicator‐ii: Extent of area preserved as natural resource area of the total area

identified for conservation. • Indicator‐iii: Extent of land under natural resource areas (water bodies, natural

drainage systems, forests areas) converted in the past 5 years as a ratio to total of such areas in the area developed during the past 5 years.

• Indicator‐iv: Extent of land area released for urban development in areas that are suitable for urban uses (not covered under indicators i to iii above).

ii. Adequacy • Indicator‐ i: Land area planned for urban development as a ratio of land area required

in the next 5 years. • Indicator‐ii: Extent of land area serviced which is planned for urban development in

the next 5 years. • Indicator‐iii: Land area planned for residential development reserved for low income

groups as a ratio of land area required in the next 5 years (including redevelopment/relocation requirements).

• Indicator‐iv: Ratio of housing starts to that of average household formation. • Indicator‐v: Rate of low income housing starts to that of total requirement.

iii. Appropriate Location • Indicator‐i: Extent of land developed outside planned area. • Indicator‐ii: Extent of land developed with development control violations. • Indicator‐iii: Ratio of total developed area to contiguously developed area.

iv. Optimal Use of Land • Compact City to Prevent Urban Sprawl • Indicator‐i: Extent of Sprawl: Proportion of area experiencing urban development

outside the planned area to total urban area. • Indicator‐ii: Extent of planned land remaining vacant. • Indicator‐iii: Vacant land publicly owned as a percentage of total vacant land. • Indicator‐iv: Vacant land not in the market due to legislative rigidities (e.g.: Reserved

Land).

v. Optimality/Intensity of Land use • Indicator‐i: Intensity of Development‐Average utilisation of FAR in planned areas. • Indicator‐ii: Intensity of Development‐ Appropriate Densities. • Urban Renewal • Indicator‐i: Poorly located land uses: Extent of area under incompatible and non

conforming land uses (Polluting or non‐transit oriented eg‐ Industrial land, warehouses located in central city areas).


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• Indicator‐ii: Conservation /Rehabilitation /Redevelopment of areas identified as cultural areas planned and actual (Loss of areas identified as cultural areas).

• Indicator‐iii: Non‐functional uses: Extent of areas proposed for developments which are currently under non‐functional uses (e.g.: Closed Industries).

• Indicator‐iv: Recover /redevelop waste lands as natural resource areas (Extent of areas developed versus total).

vi. Balanced Development/Harmony: • Indicator‐i: Mixed Landuse: Mixed landuse (Average at city versus zonal averages). • Indicator‐ii: Multi‐centric City: Number of centres (relevant only for million plus &

mega cities). • Indicator‐iii: Mixed Income City: Extent of low income housing in high and middle

income housing areas. • Indicator‐iv: Area of parks and green spaces per 1,000 populations. • Indicator‐v: Area under/Number of wooded areas per lakh population. • Indicator‐vi: Percentage of area under green cover (14‐25% depending on size of

settlement).

vii. Compliance to proposed plan • Indicator‐i: Extent of non‐ compliance to environmental/industrial zoning: Units

outside zoned areas. • Indicator‐ii: Extent of occupied buildings which do not possess use permission (other

than slums).

4.3 Mobility Integrated land use ‐ transportation planning is one of the most important urban functions that have a direct impact on sustainability. Mobility planning should cover aspects such as adequate support for public transport system provisions, traffic distribution patterns, land use transport integration through density zoning in alignment with public transport systems, adequate considerations for pedestrians and non‐motorized transport, etc 4.3.1 Indicators:

i. Land use Transport Integration

• Indicator i: Density. • Indicator ii: Completeness of network. • Indicator iii: Network Density or percentage area under roads. • Indicator iv: Transit Coverage (Population /Area). • Indicator v: Average Trip Length/Travel Time. • Indicator vi: Fatalities per thousand vehicle kms. • Indicator vii: Percentage transit ridership. • Indicator ix: Average travel time for work. • Indicator x: Fare per passenger km. • Indicator xi: Emissions per passenger km.


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• Indicator xii: Integrated Ticketing. • Indicator xiii: Physical Integration.

ii. Service Level Benchmarks Performance Indicators The MoUD’s Service Level Benchmarks for Transportation services in a city may be added to the recommended indicators:

• Public Transport facilities • Pedestrian Infrastructure facilities • Non Motorized Transport (NMT) facilities • Level of usage of Integrated Transport System (ITS) facilities • Travel speed (Motorized and Mass Transit) along major corridors • Road Safety • Pollution levels • Availability of Parking Spaces • Integrated Land Use Transport System • Financial Sustainability of Public Transport

4.4 Clean Air, Land, Water and Energy Improved urban environments result in better living conditions within a city (for humans as well as for urban biodiversity). Access to clean air, water, land and energy are the primary conditions for a healthy urban life. Water and wastewater: should take into account aspects such as maintaining the overall water balance in the city‐region, planning for sourcing, treatment, transportation and distribution of water in a sustainable and decentralized manner, collection of waste water, its treatment, reuse and disposal in the most suitable and decentralized manner, protection of natural water systems, and creation of green buffer zones. Waste management: waste management in a city from a sustainable planning perspective needs to take into account aspects including planning and implementation of waste reduction initiatives for industry using concepts like industrial ecology, planning and implementation of efficient and effective systems for collection, transportation, treatment, recycling and reuse or disposal of municipal solid waste in the most sustainable and decentralized manner possible. Energy Planning and Conservation: Energy is a key driver of a thriving urban life, and while in India, energy is typically a state subject, cities can benefit by better management of demand and supply and exploring provisions for decentralized alternatives of renewable energy.


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4.4.1 Indicators:

i. Environmental status

• Indicator‐i: Air Quality measured at various locations: percentage of Residential Areas exposed to air pollution.

• Indicator‐ii: Water Quality measured at various locations: percentage of Residential Areas exposed to water pollution.

• Indicator‐iii: Noise Levels measured at various locations: percentage of Residential Areas exposed to noise pollution.

ii. Service Level Benchmarks

The MoUD’s Service Level Benchmarks for services in a city may be added to the recommended indicators: * Water supply

• Coverage of water supply connections • Per capita supply of water • Extent of metering of water connections • Extent of Non‐Revenue Water • Continuity of water supply • Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints • Quality of water supplied • Cost recovery in water supply services • Efficiency in collection of water supply related charges

* Waste water

• Coverage of toilets • Coverage of waste water network services • Collection efficiency of waste water network • Adequacy of waste water treatment capacity • Quality of waste water treatment • Extent of reuse and recycling of waste water • Extent of cost recovery in waste water management • Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints • Efficiency in collection of sewerage related charges

* Drainage:

• Coverage of Storm water drainage network • Incidence of water logging / flooding • Solid Waste Management: • Household level coverage of Solid Waste Management services • Efficiency of collection of municipal solid waste • Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste • Extent of municipal solid waste collected


54

• Extent of scientific disposal of municipal solid waste • Extent of cost recovery in Solid Waste Management services • Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints • Efficiency of collection of municipal solid waste management charges

iii. Environmentally Sensitive Development

• Indicator‐i: Proportion of environmentally hazardous manufacturing activity within the city (percentage employment/ percentage output/ percentage Units).

• Indicator‐ii: Environmentally sensitive practices ‐Extent of green energy use. • Indicator‐iii: Environmentally sensitive practices ‐Extent of Waste Treatment –

Domestic. • Indicator‐iv: Environmentally sensitive practices ‐Extent of Waste Treatment –

Industrial.

iv. Energy

• Indicator i: Total energy consumption per capita (To be reviewed alongside per capita income and quality of life indicators – the objective is to achieve a lower energy consumption for the same level of income and quality of life).

• Indicator ii: Percentage of energy consumption derived from renewable sources. • Indicator‐iii: Provisions to encourage green building including incentive frameworks. • Indicator‐iv: Number of green and non green buildings (Percentage of buildings with

energy rating of various levels). • Indicator v: Energy consumption per square metre of built up area of buildings –

categorized by use as well as by public and private (To be reviewed alongside performance criteria for buildings such as illumination levels and thermal comfort – the objective is to achieve a lower energy consumption for the same level of visual and thermal comfort).

v. Ecosensitive Development

• Indicator‐i: Area under water recharge zones. • Indicator‐ii: Coordination with national storm water network. • Indicator‐iii: Definition of Natural Hazards, delineation of Natural Hazards prone

areas in the Master Plan/Development Plan, Development Control Regulations and Building Byelaws for Natural Hazard Prone Areas.

• Indicator‐iv: Incorporation of incentive mechanisms.

vi. Waste reduction, treatment and green spaces

• Indicator‐i: Total percentage of public open spaces. • Indicator‐ii: Landfill/ open spaces‐ provision for full treatment. • Indicator‐iii: Provisions for promoting waste reduction and waste reuse.


55

4.5 Participation and decentralization This is more a political than a planning process. The legal framework for decentralization and public participation in planning and governance are mandated in the Constitution Amendments and also in State legislations of some States. However, in most States the operationalisation at city level has not occurred. The key interventions required are adoption of the decentralized and participatory planning process. 4.5.1 Indicators: • Indicator i: Devolution of functions to lowest levels of governance as per the

provisions of the 74th Constitution Amendment. • Indicator ii: Public representation in urban management‐Formation of ward

committees/Formation of Area Sabhas. • Indicator‐i: Mandatory provisions for public participation. • Indicator‐ii: Number of public consultations held and attendance at such consultations.

4.6 Local Economic Development A vibrant economy is essential to make any human habitat sustainable. Planning for economic development continues to be the prerogative of State Governments. The role of the cities is often limited to service the population and activities. Cities need to take up a more promotional role through planning which provides an appropriate climate for creation of wealth, development of skills and knowledge of citizens. The action areas include aspects such as making coordinated policies at all levels to ensure convergence of goals and facilitating development programmes for education, vocational skills, etc. 4.6.1 Indicators:

i. Productivity

• Indicator‐i: Per capita GDP. • Indicator‐ii: Employment/Area under productive landuse (including manufacturing,

service sector, etc). • Indicator‐iii: Infrastructure Service Level (Composite Index).

ii. Diversity

• Indicator‐i: Single versus multi‐sector economy (Ratio of most important activity versus next most important.

iii. Stability of growth

• Indicator‐i: Rate of business starts (establishment / registration growth) • Indicator‐ii: Rate of Industrial Growth – Factory Sector (Chief Inspector of Factories) • Indicator‐iii: Rate of Industrial Growth – Other than Factory Sector • Indicator‐iv: Extent of informal activity


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4.7 Social Services While more and more social services (health, education, banking, housing, etc) are moving predominantly into the private domain, the Government still holds the responsibility to ensure that such services are accessible to all, particularly the vulnerable sections. Planning for social services will include areas such as demand‐supply assessment for various social infrastructures, leading to strategies for better managed social services mix through the government and the private sector. 4.7.1 Indicators: • Indicator i: Extent of land made available for housing the poor. • Indicator‐ii: Extent of housing/land made available for poor. • Indicator‐iii: Tenure provision to urban poor (percentage of total). • Indicator‐iv: Percentage urban poor households with basic services. • Indicator‐v: Distribution of urban poor housing/land in high and middle income

housing areas. • Indicator vi: Access to livelihood opportunities. • Indicator vii: Integration of informal activities with streets and other public places

(Proportion in previous year – integrated /total estimated). • Indicator viii: Programmes for enhancement of livelihoods for urban poor (coverage).

i. SocioEconomic indicators • Indicator i: Health

o Life expectancy. o Mortality. o Morbidity. o Infant mortality. o Sex ratio.

• Indicator ii: Education

o Literacy. o School enrolment. o Dropout rate.

• Indicator iii: Economic indicators

o Employment/ unemployment. o Per capita income. o Regional economic indicators for performance of the city as a whole. o Percentage of investments within the city to the total investments within the

State. o Percentage of production output from city to the State GDP. o Percentage of employment generated by investments within the city. o Percentage share of economic sectors to state average.

• Indicator iv: Housing

o Quality of shelter (kutcha/ pucca).


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o Legal/ illegal/ unauthorized. o Own/ rented.

• Indicator v: Urban services availability

o Access to water (public/ community/ shared/ individual). o Per capita water supply. o Access to toilets (public/ community/ shared/ individual). o Coverage of sewerage system (area/ population/ properties connected). o Sewage disposal system (sewer line, septic tank, open drain, etc).

4.8 Partnerships (Public Private People) The Government by itself or the private sector alone may not be able to respond to sustainability imperatives. It is important that as a cross cutting theme in all the planning processes, opportunities should be explored and created for the Government, the market and communities to partner with each other. More specifically it would involve building partnerships to bring investments and efficiency benefits. 4.8.1 Indicators: • Indicator‐i: Number of projects implemented through partnerships within plan period • Indicator‐ii: Total cost value of projects implemented through partnerships within a

plan period • Indicator iii: Private/ community investment in urban infrastructure. • Indicator iv: Percentage of investment in public infrastructure by private sector. • Indicator v: Percentage of investment in public infrastructure by communities directly.

5. Operationality of the Parameters and Indicators To be successful and truly useful sustainable habitat parameters should be used by the city government for evaluating outcomes from the point of view of all key stakeholders involved also with an aim to share outcomes publically for assisting awareness and better participation in the planning process. 5.1 Formulation of indicators and parameters India being such a vast and varied country, it may not be possible to use a common and generic set of indicators for measuring performance against sustainable habitat parameters in all cities. Context plays a very important role and having a standard framework may not be enough. However the approach could and should be common and may be improvised on a case to case basis for each city. A generic and broad common basket of indicators has been identified at the national level that can be used to develop a city specific evaluation framework based on specific urban contexts. An important aspect may also be to give weightings (prioritize) to each indicator based on the local context by involving planning team, local elected representatives.


58

5.2 Institutionalizing the indicators Institutionalising the sustainable habitat parameters may be done by organising peer to peer learning and exchange workshops at the Regional and National level. Cities of similar qualities (size, location, profile, population, challenges and advantages) may come together to discuss how they are operationalising the performance evaluation framework and their challenges and achievements in the same. In the recent past, the Ministry of urban Development, Government of India has successfully organised the service level benchmarks in 28 pilot cities using a similar approach and the same has been formally institutionalised as funding linked mandatory procedure for all Indian ULBs now (MOUD, 2010). 5.3 Evaluation of indicators At the city level, performance evaluation based on sustainable habitat parameters should be multi party. The evaluation should ideally be steered by the city authorities, the planning team in the ULB, carried out by local NGOs or citizens groups in consultation with a set of identified stakeholders. Stakeholders would mean representatives of interest groups external to city officials (including civil society institutions, media, academics, government bodies, agencies, business, NGOs, directly affected group, etc.). The performance evaluation framework at the city level should ideally be finalized during the plan preparation stages itself, this will not only clarify the kinds of deliverables expected from the plan but also in a way link to the roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders involved in the planning process making it realistically participatory. Information collection should be carried out annually on a cyclical basis to know the status and reported annually too. However the formal evaluation exercise should be carried out at the middle and end of the planning cycle of 5 years hence every 2.5 years. One approach may be developing and using a system similar to the “Score Card” approach, however the score card system is a citizen based approach and due to the complexity and closed nature of planning processes, a more internalized system of outcome reporting that involves external stakeholders like the Eco Budget (Cities Alliance 2007) approach may be useful. Score Cards are instruments to encourage public accountability. Modeled on a private sector practice of conducting client satisfaction surveys, report cards solicit user perceptions on the quality, efficiency, and adequacy of the various public services that are funded by tax‐payers. Qualitative user opinions are aggregated to create a "score card" that rates the performance of service providers. The findings present a quantitative measure of overall satisfaction and perceived levels of corruption among an array of other indicators. By systematically gathering and disseminating public feedback, report cards can serve as a "surrogate for competition" for monopolies – usually government owned – that lack the incentive to be as responsive as private enterprises to their client’s needs. They are a useful medium through which citizens can credibly and collectively "signal" to agencies about their performance and provide the right pressure for change.


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Source: UNCHS (Habitat), 2004 Today as civil society becomes more and more active and involved in monitoring and reacting to government actions there is increasing attention on evidence‐based policy initiatives and ‘rational’ decision making, and hence measurement of the public services has gained importance. While it is understood that a very rationalistic approach often becomes quite technical in nature and hence has its own weaknesses as most public services operate in complex and often uncertain (non‐fixed) environments, one should pragmatically realize limitations of scientific measurement based approach and use it to support politically informed judgments. 5.4 Next steps This document on sustainable urban planning parameters for Indian cities also makes an attempt to quantify all parameters of sustainability with measurable indicators to benchmark and monitor sustainability. In order to enable effective operationalization of these parameters and indicators, the indicators need to be defined; benchmarks need to be set so as to decide on a common Operationalization Plan and capacity building exercises need to be carried out to support the Operationalization Plan. The target audience for these capacity building initiatives would include the town planning officials of city, state and national governments and urban planning practitioners from the private sector.

CONSULTATION ON NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT STANDARDS WORKSHOP

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ANNEXURE 2: CONSULTATION ON

NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT STANDARDS WORKSHOP

AT NIUA II FLOOR CONFERENCE ROOM, CORE-4B, INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, LODHI ROAD, NEW DELHI

29 February 2012

AGENDA Wednesday, 29 February, 2012

OPENING SESSION: 10:30 – 11:00 AM

Welcome Remarks Ms. E. P. Nivedita, Director (LSG), MoUD Introduction to the Workshop Mr. Arun Goel, Joint Secretary (UD), MOUD Presentation on GRIHA Ms. Priyanka Kochchar, TERI Opening Remarks Mr. Sudhir Krishna, Secretary (UD), MoUD

SESSION I: Consultation on Water Supply and Sanitation Standards 11:00 – 12:00 AM

Presentation: Shri J.B. Ravinder, Deputy Adviser CPHEEO Discussion Summing up and Conclusion

SESSION II: Consultation on Solid Waste Management Standards 12:00 – 13:00 AM

Presentation: Dr. M. Dhinadhayalan, Deputy Adviser CPHEEO Discussion Summing up and Conclusion

LUNCH 13:00 – 14:00 PM

SESSION III: Consultation on Storm Water Drainage Standards 14:00 – 15:00 PM

Presentation: Shri V.K. Chaurasia, Deputy Adviser, CPHEEO Discussion Summing up and Conclusion


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SESSION IV: Consultation on Urban Planning Standards 15:00 – 16:00 PM

Presentation: Mr. J. B. Kshirsagar, Senior Town Planner, TCPO Discussion Summing up and Conclusion

TEA BREAK 16:00 – 16:15 PM

SUMMING UP OF DAYS PROCEEDINGS AND DISCUSSION ON WAY FORWARD 16:15 – 17:00 PM Rap-tier : Prof. Chetan Vaidya, Director, NIUA


62

ANNEXURE 3: CONSULTATION ON

NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT STANDARDS WORKSHOP

AT NIUA II FLOOR CONFERENCE ROOM, CORE-4B, INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, LODHI ROAD, NEW DELHI

29 February 2012

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS S.

No. Name Organisation & Address Email & Telephone

Ministry of Urban Development 1 Dr. Sudhir Krishna Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi

2 Mr. Arurn Goel Joint Secretary (UD), Ministry of Urban Development, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi

23063255

3 Ms. E.P. Nivedita Director (LSG), Ministry of Urban Development, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi

23061295

4 J.B. Ravinder CPHEEO, MOUD [email protected]

5 V.K. Chaurasia CPHEEO, MOUD [email protected]

6 Dr. M. Dhinadhayalan Deputy Adviser(PHE), CPHEEO, MOUD [email protected], 23061571

7 Ramakant Assistant Adviser, CPHEEO, MOUD 23062305

8 Amit Kumar Saha CPHEEO, MOUD 23062418


63

S. No.

Name Organisation & Address Email & Telephone

National Institute of Urban Affairs 9 Prof. Chetan Vaidya Director, National Institute of Urban Affairs, Core 4-B, India Habitat

Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 24643576, 24643284

[email protected]

10 Prof. Usha P. Raghupathi Professor, National Institute of Urban Affairs, Core 4-B, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi

24643284, [email protected]

11 Prof. Mukesh P. Mathur Professor, National Institute of Urban Affairs, Core 4-B, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi

24643284

12 Ms. Nilanjana Dasgupta Sur

Research Fellow, National Institute of Urban Affairs, Core 4-B, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi

9891042174, 24643284 [email protected]

Town Planning 13 J.B.Kshirsagar Chief Planner, TCPO

14 Mohd. Monis Khan TCP, TCPO, MOUD [email protected]

9818158485

15 Eapen Varughese Chief Town Planner, Town & Country Panning Deptt., Kerala [email protected] 0471-2321429

16 K.Purushotham Reddy Joint Director, Directorate Town & Country Planning, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad

[email protected] 040 8978822662

17 A.N. Gautam State Town Planner, Town & Country Planning Deptt., Govt. of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla

09418009120 [email protected]

18 S.T.Puttaraju Chief Town Planner, Town & Country Panning Deptt., Govt. of Goa, Goa 09822291104 [email protected]


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S. No.


WSS & PHE in States/UTs 19 A.K.Gupta Chief Engineer, Public Health Engg. Deptt., Panchkula, Haryana [email protected]

0172-2560270 20 K.Suresh Kumar Chief Engineer, Public Health Engg. Deptt., Govt. of Andhra Pradesh,

Hyderabad [email protected]

9849905741

21 Shri Y.K.B. Singh PHED, Meghalaya, Shillong [email protected] 09436103127

22 Volie Rentta Public Health Engineering Deptt., Nagaland [email protected]

23 Repang Longkumar PHED, Nagaland [email protected]

24 Lalmuanzova PHED, Mizoram [email protected]

25 O.P.Sharma WS&PHED, Govt. of Sikkim, Gangtok 9735001122 26 T.T.Bhutia Addl.Chief Engineer, WS&PHE Deptt., Govt. of Sikkim [email protected]

094340-91099 27 T.B. Rajalim PEE-cum-Secretary, PHED, Govt. of Sikkim [email protected]

09434063775 28 Lekh Ram Choudhary Executive Engineer, Irrigation & Public Health Deptt., Himachal Pradesh [email protected]

09418079918 29 B.M. Dhaul Member (W), Delhi Jal Board [email protected]

9650291008 30 S.P. Rudra Murthy Additional Chief Engineer, Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board,

Bangalore [email protected]

09845444013

31 Anand M. Wachasundar Ex. PCE, Public Works Depttt., Goa, Project Director, JICA 9370694424 [email protected]

32 Bhajan Singh Uttarakhand Peyjal Nigam, Uttrakhand [email protected]

33 Rajesh Mittal Executive Engineer, U.P. Jal Nigam,Ghaziabad 9899024734

34 Neelam U.P.Jal Nigam, Ghaziabad [email protected] 2821024


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S. No.


35 A.K.Dubey U.P.Jal Nigam, Ghaziabad [email protected]

36 Vinod Kumar U.P.Jal Nigam, Ghaziabad [email protected] 37 Susan Jacob Technical Member, Kerala Water Authority, Thiruvanathapuram [email protected]

Experts 38 Vivek Raman Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP), World Bank 98184444740

[email protected] 39 Ashok Srivastava Asian Development Bank, New Delhi [email protected]

9313955940 40 Regina Dube GIZ 9873330434 41 Prof. Saswat

Bandopadhyay HOD, Environment, CEPT, Ahmedabad [email protected]

9426319352 42 Mikael Kullman Embassy of Sweden [email protected]

9899575728

43 Arati Davis Embassy of Sweden [email protected]

44 Priyank Jindal Analyst, IRADe, Shivalik, New Delhi [email protected] 8750311152

45 Siva Kishan Programme Director, Sustainable Buildings, Centre for Science and Environment(CSE), New Delhi

[email protected] 011-40616000 (extn.267)

46 Dr. Suresh Rohilla Programme Director, Sustainable Buildings, Centre for Science and Environment(CSE), New Delhi

[email protected]

47 Emani Kumar ICLEI-South Asia [email protected] +91-11-41067220 +91-9810544035

48 Ravi Ranjan Guru ICLEI-South Asia, Manager (Energy& Climate) [email protected] 9818098411

49 P.U. Asnani Urban Management Consutlants (UMC), Ahmedabad [email protected] 09375263484

50 Anshita Asnani Urban Management Consutlants (UMC), Ahmedabad [email protected] 9712922970


66

S. No.


51 Divya Sharma Fellow, TERI, Delhi [email protected] 9971662126

52 T.Murali Mohan Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI) [email protected] [email protected]

09248051351 53 Dr.S.K. Kulshrestha Urban and Regional Planner, Founder-Editor, Spatio-economic Dev.

Record, New Delhi [email protected]

09313951557 54 Prof.Dr. Sanjukta

Bhaduri SPA, New Delhi [email protected]

9810109248 55 Ashfaque Alam Asstt. Professor, School of Planning & Architecture, Bhopal [email protected]

08878888669

Others 56 Rabindra Nath Dwivedi Special Officer, J.N.A.C., Jamshedpur, Jharkhand [email protected]

[email protected] 09431371273

57 R.S.Bhatia Shah Technical Consultants (P) Ltd. 91 9811007440 [email protected]

58 S.G. Vichave Asstt. Director, Director of Municipal Administration, DMA, Mumbai 9022933238

Development Authority 59 Dr. S.P. Bansal Commissioner (Planning) II, Delhi Development Authority, N.Delhi-2 9810980287

60 S.P.Pathak OSD(Planning) MPPR, DDA [email protected] 9810911402

61 Ashok Khurana EM, DDA

62 M.L.Chotani Director, AMDA, New Delhi [email protected] 9871179847

63 Amneet P. Kumar,IAS Administrator, HUDA, Faridabad 9818984999 Municipal Corporation


67

S. No.


64 Tarun M. Lad City Engineer, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation [email protected] 09371503870

65 Pradeep Kumar Mittal Ex.En. Agra Nagar Nigam, Agra 9368225877

66 Ramesh Bansal EE, MCF, Faridabad [email protected] 9818646501

67 S.K.Aggarwal Executive Engineer, Municipal Corporation Faridabad 9711005708 68 A.M.Makvana Executive Engineer, Vadodara Municipal Corporation, Baroda [email protected]

9879555092 69 S.H.Mistry City Enginner, VMC, Vadodara [email protected]

9825801964

PROCEEDINGS OF NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT STANDARDS WORKSHOP ANNEXURE 4A

National Consultation onNational Consultation on National Sustainable Habitat Standards

29th February 2012, National Institute of Urban Affairs,India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

GRIHAMinistry of New and Renewable Energy, GoI

GRIHA‐ a tool to meet objectives of the NMSH

• National rating system for green buildings• Integrating platform for all relevant codes, standards, g g p , ,

strategies & policy instruments• Evaluation tool to help:

– Design– Build– Operate– Maintain a resource‐efficient built environment

• Serves as a tool for implementation of NMSH objectives• Serves as a tool for implementation of NMSH objectives through:– Improvements in EE in buildings– Management of solid and liquid waste– Modal shift towards public transport

68


Salient features of GRIHA

• Specific criteria to address CC adaptation & mitigation • Mandatory compliance with Energy CodeMandatory compliance with Energy Code• End use energy optimization • Integration of renewable energy• Water and waste management• Climate specific energy performance indices for various building typologies (defined in kWh/sqm/year)

• Separate rating criteria for air conditioned and non airSeparate rating criteria for air conditioned and non air conditioned spaces

• Adaptive comfort encouraged to be followed• Daylighting mandatory

Key deliverables of the Mission

• Develop and implement National Sustainable Habitat Standards through:– Appropriate changes in legal & regulatory framework viz.– Building byelaws, development controls & regulations

• Mainstream climate change adaptation and mitigationstrategies in city planning through:– Incorporation of SH Standards within CDPs & CMPs

• Capacity building & outreach for implementation of activities relevant to the Mission through:– Complimentary actions

69


Proposal

• Exercise GRIHA as a legal/ regulatory measure to ensure design and construction of habitats to ensure design and construction of habitats to meet NMSH objectives.

• Empower the MoUD associate organizations and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to implement GRIHA.

• Provide support and allocate funds to up scale the GRIHA outreach programmes and capacity building to achieve ‘complimentary actions’ and ‘capacity building’ components of the Mission.

Rationale• GRIHA is a platform for development & implementation of NSH Standards

C i b ildi d i l i h i / k i l• Capacity building and implementation mechanisms/networks in place to ensure GRIHA compliance meet the ‘Complimentary Actions’ component of NMSH

• On‐site monitoring and post occupancy audits ensure:• quantification of resource use optimization • identification of future research areas for sustainable habitat standards • identification of implementation mechanisms

h h b b d• GRIHA ensures transparency through a web based project management portal

• Meets objectives set forth in the NMSH, ECBC and environmental clearance norms

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GRIHA contribution to development of NSH Standards

i. Increasing energy efficiency in the residential and commercial sectors: – Model building byelaws to mandate minimum energy performance for res &

d i d t t GRIHA t d dcomm are designed to meet GRIHA standards– GRIHA incorporates requirements of the ECBC– Harmonized with the additional reforms under JNNURM and the National

Building Code (NBC)– Meets requirements set forth in MoEF’s EIA guidelines – Builds on the energy labelling programs for appliances by the Bureau of

Energy Efficiency (BEE)

Based on GRIHA implementation experience and feedback from stakeholders, i bl difi i h f ll i h b d dsuitable modifications to the following have been recommended:

– ECBC– NBC – National Sustainable Habitat Standards

ii. The following components of SH Standards incorporate GRIHA benchmarks:– water supply,– solid waste management,

GRIHA contribution to development of NSH Standards

g ,– urban storm water management and– urban planning

iii. The CPWD specifications, schedules and plinth area rates are being revised to meet GRIHA standards and benchmarks.

iii. GRIHA has been developed by TERI‐ a Centre of Excellence recognized by MoUD, which has been instrumental in:

– development of the ECBC for new buildings, – energy performance benchmarks for existing buildings– energy performance benchmarks for existing buildings– other standards and codes to ensure design of sustainable habitats across the country.

GRIHA provides a reasonably mature and tested platform for large scale implementation of SH Standards

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• MoUD to put into effect GRIHA as a legal/ regulatory measure to ensure design and

Therefore, proposed:

regulatory measure to ensure design and construction of habitats to meet NMSH objectives.

• In association with the Town and Country Planning Organization (TCPO), the green guidelines for large developments (GRIHA guidelines for largedevelopments (GRIHA guidelines for large developments), to be developed into a rating system for large developments.

GRIHA contribution to implementation of NSH Standardsthrough MoUD associate organisations

• GRIHA at CPWDCommitted to comply with and follow the GRIHA rating system for

b ildi i 2009green buildings since 2009– series of GRIHA training programmes and design workshops have been

conducted– CPWD Training Institute at Ghaziabad has been recognized as a Centre

of Excellence for green buildings (in 2011) with a mandate to promote green buildings and GRIHA Rating

– The CPWD schedules, specifications and plinth area rates are being revised to comply with GRIHA benchmarks21 are registered to be GRIHA Rated– 21 are registered to be GRIHA Rated

– Extensive one day workshops have been conducted with design teams– Minimum three site visits are conducted by ADaRSH to ensure

implementation

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• GRIHA at DDA

Floated notice inviting tenders for future DDA buildings in Delhi to


be GRIHA compliant– ADaRSH has prepared the tender documents to facilitate DDA in

identifying suitable consultants for designing and implementing GRIHA projects

– DDA to ensure design, construction and operation of dwelling units, commercial infrastructure, sports complexes, sub cities and industrial estates as per the master plan incorporating GRIHA b h kGRIHA benchmarks.

– Compliance with GRIHA shall help quantify resource conservation and monitor resource consumption during operation of the buildings developed and constructed by the DDA.

• GRIHA at NCRPB

Compliance with GRIHA shall enable quantification and monitoring of resource use


in sub regions and counter magnet areas of the NCR.

• GRIHA at NBCC

– 5 are registered to be GRIHA Rated

– Extensive one day workshops have been conducted with design teams

– Minimum three site visits are conducted by ADaRSH to ensure implementation

• GRIHA at Metro Joint Venture Initiatives

– The HUDA City Centre Metro Station at Gurgaon (i.e. Delhi Metro) is the first Metro station building registered to be GRIHA compliant.

– It presents a model that can be replicated in future metro station buildings across India.

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MoUD to empower other statutory and autonomous bodies such as:

• DDA to adopt GRIHA guidelines in formulating and implementing the Delhi Master Plan


Plan

• NCRPB to utilize GRIHA as a design and implementation tool for integrated planning, programming and implementation of the NCR Regional Plan 2021

Public Sector Undertaking such as

• NBCC to strengthen its commitment to the green pledge and exercise minimum 3 Star GRIHA compliance for all projects

• NBCC and ADaRSH to device and implement an operational procedure to integrate GRIHA in the design, construction and operation of NBCC projects,

l d f h l d f ( )including revision of the General Conditions of Contract (GCC) to incorporate GRIHA benchmarks and undertake extensive training and capacity building for the relevant officers and project teams.

Joint Venture Initiatives such as

• Delhi Metro, Chennai Metro, Kolkata Metro & Bangalore Metro

to adopt and implement GRIHA across the country.

GRIHA contribution to implementation of NSH Standardsthrough Urban Local Bodies

• GRIHA at PCMC

– adopted GRIHA for mandatory compliance in Government projects.

– committed to provide financial incentives to developers

– Property tax rebates to occupants of GRIHA compliant buildings

– established an Eco‐Cell to synchronize the building approval procedures and release of incentives with GRIHA requirements and benchmarks.

– 18 projects of the PCMC are registered to be GRIHA Rated

– Extensive one day workshops have been conducted with design teams

– Minimum three site visits are conducted by ADaRSH to ensure implementation

– ADaRSH and PCMC have also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to incentivize, promote and construct GRIHA Rated projects.

• ADaRSH has developed an implementation model that may be up scaled

– Conducted a series of awareness & training programmes & design workshops

– developed networks with industry, not for profit organizations, academic institutes’ and real estate developer agencies to build up a pool of GRIHA qualified professionals that provide hand holding support

– MNRE is supporting capacity building through MEDA, IIA and other bodies.

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MoUD to empower other ULBs across the t t i ti i t d t d


country to incentivize, promote, adopt and implement GRIHA to direct the building and construction sector towards sustainable development.

Provides support for building green demonstration projects of best practicesin key locations across India

GRIHA contribution to meeting the ‘complimentary actions’ component of the Mission

GRIHA projects showcase:• energy efficiency in the residential and commercial sectors• application of renewable energy for internal and external use• implementation of low use water toilets and ecological sanitation

approaches• treatment of waste water• execution of decentralized waste management systems on site• recycling of construction waste• implementation of energy efficient construction technologies for housing

for EWS/LIG categoriesRegistration fee for 200 GoI/PSU buildings has been waved to encourage GRIHA compliance through the 11th Five Year Plan

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Support to national outreach programme for creating consumer awareness focused on economic and environmental benefits from energy efficiency in green buildings

GRIHA contribution to meeting the ‘complimentary actions’ component of the Mission

green buildings

• Economic and environmental benefits from design and construction of every GRIHA compliant project are monitored and documented

• These benefits are highlighted through periodic promotional campaigns on the internet (such as quiz campaigns), the print media (popular magazines and newspapers) and programmes on radio

• Outreach to young students through school energy efficiency programmes, energy usage monitoring and voluntary shutdowns

– GRIHA has organized awareness programmes in schools and professional colleges to generate awareness amongst the youth

– In association with MHRD, GRIHA is developing standards to be followed by schools for construction of green and GRIHA compliance buildings across the country.

• R&D funding for research to create higher efficiency and lower cost green products

• MoUD to allocate funds towards GRIHA registration of next 500 GoI/PSU buildings to be minimum 3 Star GRIHA compliant in the 12th Five Year Plan

• Allocate funds and support GRIHA outreach programmes on various media of


• Allocate funds and support GRIHA outreach programmes on various media of communication such as print, radio, internet and television

• MoUD to support:– Development of modules to explain the green building features of the school buildings‐

incorporating exercises on energy use monitoring and voluntary shutdowns along with other activities for engaging with various age groups of students.

– These students could be trained to conduct water and energy audits of their school buildings, which is an integral part to ensure GRIHA compliance.

F h h d d l f di f b ildi• Further research and development of a compendium of green buildings products to be taken up with MoUD support.

• Increase recognition and awards for highly rated buildings– DDA and ADaRSH to institute Urban Green Development Awards for design,

construction and upkeep of buildings/ developments on the principles of GRIHA and green building guidelines.

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• Augmentation of capacity for implementation and enforcement of various measures such as façade improvement, energy auditing and energy use monitoring mechanisms etc

GRIHA contribution to meeting the ‘capacity building’ component of the Mission

monitoring mechanisms etc– GRIHA addresses and incorporates implementation of measures to achieve

energy efficiency, including façade improvement, followed by a post occupancy energy and water audit.

Operationalisation– ADaRSH engages with a network of professionals and institutes/

organizations/agencies to develop a pool of GRIHA qualified professionals/ consultants.

– Three day extensive programmes are conducted by ADaRSH in association Three day extensive programmes are conducted by A aRSH in associationwith regional partners to reach out and augment capacity for implementation and enforcement of various sustainable habitat standards through implementation of GRIHA.

– The interested professionals undergo a well structured and hands on 3‐day training programme followed by an examination to qualify them as GRIHA Trainers or GRIHA Evaluators.

• The training modules and capacity building mechanism of GRIHA to be up scaled to include


mechanism of GRIHA to be up scaled to include additional components of sustainable habitat standards.

• Specialized courses to augment the pool of auditors to be developed and delivered with qualified i iinstitutes.

• Activity based support to be provided by MoUD.

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GRIHA contribution to meeting the ‘capacity building’ component of the Missioncomponent of the Mission

• Strengthening institutional and technical capacity of all ULBs for effective O&M of sewerage system and for recycling and reuse of waste water for non potable uses

Therefore proposed:– The PCMC model to be replicated with MoUD support in other ULBs

across the country.

SummaryActivity: Exercise GRIHA as a legal/ regulatory measure to ensure design and construction of habitats to meet NMSH objectives.

S bj i i i h G l f lNMSH objectives Exercising the GRIHA platform Proposal

Develop national sustainable habitat standards

Green guidelines for large developments have been prepared and being implemented by pilot projects.

TCPO and ADaRSH to jointly develop the green guidelines into a rating system for large developments to facilitate implementation of NMSH objectives.

Feedback from implementation on site, eminent experts on the subject and relevant government agencies contributes to regular revision and development of GRIHA. GRIHA

Incorporate GRIHA into byelaws and other regulatory control mechanisms as a legal/regulatory tool.

pbenchmarks for buildings of various sizes, typologies and in different climatic zones are synchronized with ECBC, MoEF EIA guidelines, NBC and the national sustainable development standards.

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Activity: Empower MoUD associate organizations to adopt and implement GRIHA.S.no NMSH objectives Exercising the GRIHA platform Proposal

2. Implement national sustainable habitat standards

GRIHA has been adopted by CPWD for all future construction. CPWD schedules, specification and plinth area rates are being revised to meet GRIHA benchmarks. Extensive capacity building has been undertaken. The

The CPWD model may be replicated and adopted by other MoUD associate organizations to adopt and implement GRIHA to ensure implementation of national sustainable habitat standards.

CPWD Training Institute at Ghaziabad has been recognized as a Centre of Excellence for green buildings with a mandate to promote GRIHA Rating. Tender documents floated by DDA are designed to identify consultants equipped to provide inputs for new projects to be GRIHA complaint.

DDA to adopt GRIHA guidelines in formulating and implementing the Delhi master plan; and ensure design, construction and operation of dwelling units, commercial infrastructure, sports complexes, sub cities and industrial estates as per the master plan incorporating GRIHA benchmarks.

NCR Planning Board to address environmental concerns for inter‐state regional development planning.

Utilize GRIHA as a design and implementation tool for integrated planning, programming and implementation of the NCR Regional Plan 2021.

5 projects of the NBCC are registered to be GRIHA compliant.

NBCC to adopt GRIHA for implementation. General Conditions of Contract (GCC) to be revised as per GRIHA benchmarks. Extensive capacity building to be undertaken for NBCC officials.

The HUDA City Centre Metro Station at Gurgaon (i.e. Delhi Metro) is the first Metro station building registered to be GRIHA compliant. Hence, GRIHA compliance across various parts of the country shall ensure reduction in emissions from the building construction and operation of the station buildings.

The Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata and Bangalore Metros to adopt GRIHA standards for their respective Metro station and other buildings.

Activity: Empower Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to adopt and implement GRIHANMSH objectives Exercising the GRIHA platform ProposalNMSH objectives Exercising the GRIHA platform Proposal

Implement national sustainable habitat standards

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) has adopted GRIHA for mandatory compliance in Government projects. PCMC has committed to provide financial incentives to developers and occupants of GRIHA compliant projects. PCMC has established an Eco‐Cell to synchronize the building approval procedures and release of incentives with GRIHA requirements and benchmarks.

MoUD to empower other ULBs across the country to incentivize, promote, adopt and implement GRIHA to direct the building and construction sector towards sustainable development.

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Activity: Provide support and allocate funds to up scale the GRIHA outreach programmesS.no NMSH objectives Exercising the GRIHA platform Proposal4. Building green

demonstration projects of best practices

GRIHA projects showcase energy efficiency, application of renewable energy, implementation of low use water toilets and ecological sanitation

Allocate funds towards GRIHA registration of next 500 GoI/PSU buildings to be minimum 3 Star GRIHA compliant in the 12th Five Year Planbest practices low use water toilets and ecological sanitation

approaches, treatment of waste water, decentralized waste management systems on site, recycling of construction waste and energy efficient construction technologies for housing for EWS/LIG categories.

compliant in the 12th Five Year Plan.

5. Outreach programme for creating consumer awareness

Economic and environmental benefits from design and construction of every GRIHA compliant project are monitored and documented.

Allocate funds and support GRIHA outreach programmes on various media of communication such as print, radio, internet and television.

6. Outreach to young students

GRIHA guidelines for school buildings being developed.

Develop modules to explain the green building features of the school buildings for engaging with various age groups of students. Students to be trained to conduct g pwater and energy audits of their school buildings.

7. R&D for research to create higher efficiency and lower cost green products

GRIHA documentation for every project collates and maintains data/ information on environmentally friendly building materials, products and systems used in a specific project.

MoUD to fund further research and development of a compendium of green building products.

8. Recognition and awards for highly rated buildings

GRIHA maintains records (design, implementation and operation as per environmental standards) of GRIHA rated projects.

DDA and ADaRSH to institute Urban Green Development/Habitat Awards for design, construction and upkeep of buildings/ developments on the principles of GRIHA and green building guidelines.

Activity: Provide support and allocate funds to up scale the GRIHA capacity building programmesS.no NMSH objectives Exercising the GRIHA platform Proposal

9. Augmentation of capacity for implementation and enforcement of green design measures (including façade improvement, energy auditing and energy use monitoring etc.)

ADaRSH conducts extensive three day workshops to develop a pool of GRIHA qualified professionals (namely, GRIHA Evaluators and GRIHA Trainers). These programmes are conducted with a network of professionals/ institutes/ organizations. Over 10000 professionals have been trained. A pool of over 200 GRIHA Evaluators and over 250 GRIHA Trainers has been developed.

MoUD to provide activity based support to fine tune the GRIHA E&T training modules and up scale the capacity building mechanism. Specialized courses to augment the pool of auditors to be developed and delivered with qualified institutes.

10. Strengthening institutional and technical capacity of all ULBs

ADaRSH strengthening institutional and technical capacity of PCMC.

MoUD to provide activity based support to up scale the PCMC capacity building mechanism for ULBs across the country.

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Thank you

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PROCEEDINGS OF NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT STANDARDS WORKSHOP ANNEXURE 4 B

Consultations on National Sustainable Habitat Standards

29 February, 2012NIUA, New Delhi

Mr. Arun GoelJoint Secretary, UD Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India

29 February 2012

I di ’ b l ti i illi ( C i i l)

Urban Trends India

• India’s urban population is 377 million (2011 Census – provisional)registering 31.2% urbanisation.

• India’s urban population is almost equal to the combined urbanpopulation of United States, UK and France

• Urban areas contribute to about 65% of India’s Gross DomesticProduct (GDP)Product (GDP)

– Growth of urban centers important to overall economic growthof India

• Various recent studies indicate that infrastructure in Indian cities islagging far behind the pace of urbanisation

29 February 2012

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R t i iti ti f th g t i l d

Urban Initiatives in India

Recent initiatives of the government include: • JNNURM‐ reform linked investment program• Market Based Financing/ PPP• e‐Governance in Municipalities • Urban Transport Policy• National Urban Sanitation Policy• Service Level Benchmarking Program • Citywide Slum Upgradation Program• National Government Reform Link Support to Municipalities• Rajiv Awas Yojana

29 February 2012

National Mission for Sustainable Habitat

∗ Part of Prime Ministers Action Plan for Climate Change which comprises 8 Missions and 24 initiatives

∗ Responsibility for implementing this Mission has been assigned to the Ministry of Urban development

∗ Mission has been formulated after widespread ∗ Mission has been formulated after widespread consultations.

29 February 2012

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Sectors covered

1. Energy efficiency in the residential and commercial sector2. Improvement in management of municipal services and

solid and liquid waste3. Urban transport4. Urban Planning4. Urban Planning5. Urban storm water management6. Adaptation7. Conservation

29 February 2012


∗ Formulation of Standards that will incorporate concerns relatedto sustainability

∗ Incorporation of standards in extant laws/regulations etc with a view to mainstreaming sustainability concerns and ensuring that all future developments are taken up and implemented in a manner that is sustainable

∗ I teg ti g t i bilit o e i l i g o it ide ∗ Integrating sustainability concerns in planning on a city‐wide basis will also need to be emphasized in city development plans, master plans etc.

∗ Building these concerns into all schemes of the Govt of India

29 February 2012

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The process

∗ Following approval of the PMO,six sub‐committees were set up comprising practitioners from the field, officials of MoUD as well as other Ministries of the Govt of India.

∗ Standards were circulated to the state govt for gcomments.

∗ Consultations are being held in order to finalise the standards.

29 February 2012

Urban Planning‐Parameters and Indicators

∗ Planning process‐Periodicity of plan preparation andrevision, adoption of suitability analysis, adherence toenvironmental/land use zonation

∗ Landuse‐Suitability, Adequacy, Appropriate location,Optimal use of land, Balanced development, compliance to

d lproposed plan.∗ Landuse‐transport integration‐ density, completeness of

network, average trip length, percentage transit ridership,adherence to service level benchmarks for urban transport

29 February 2012

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Urban Planning‐Indicators

∗ Clean air, water ,land energy ‐ air quality, water quality,noise levels, environmentally sensitive development,energy consumption, co‐sensitive development.

∗ Participation and decentralisation‐devolution,publicrepresentation

∗ Local Economic development‐Productivity, Diversity,Local Economic development Productivity, Diversity,Stability

∗ Social services‐availability of land and housing for urbanpoor, access to basic services for urban poor, access tolivelihood opportunities

29 February 2012

Storm water drainage

∗ Natural drainage system index∗ Drainage Coverage (Constructed) index∗ Permeability index∗ Water Bodies Rejuvenation index∗ Water Bodies vulnerability index∗ Water logging index∗ Flood Moderation index∗ Area /People vulnerability index∗ Drainage Cleaning index

29 February 2012

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Water Supply

∗ Supply side management‐Development of own sources,long distance water supply systems to serve all habitationsen‐route, nurturing of local sources of water, soundsurveillance systems for quality, hydraulic modeling forrationalising pipe networks and ensuring equitablepressure

∗ Demand side management – Universal metering, volumeDemand side management Universal metering, volumebased tariff, escalating block tariffs

∗ Leakage management and reduction of NRW‐identificationof illegal connections, water audit, metering of freeconnections

29 February 2012

Water Supply

∗ Rain water harvesting‐incentives on the quantum ofconsumption avoided from the organised system,delineating and mapping and protection of groundwater recharge areas, all towns to reserve 2‐5% areafor development of water bodies, system of groundwater table monitoring wells

∗ Use of water efficient fittings and fixtures

29 February 2012

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Sanitation‐Sewerage

∗ Universal sanitation∗ Alternate approaches other than sewerage∗ Proper levy and collection of sewerage charges∗ Sewerage charges to reflect higher polluting potential ∗ Energy surcharge in sewerage chargesEnergy surcharge in sewerage charges∗ Development of a protocol for on‐site sanitation∗ Double plumbing for grey water and black water∗ Use of on‐site packaged treatment units

29 February 2012

Recycle and reuse of wastewater

∗ Service level benchmark‐At least 20% wastewater to be recycled and reused.

∗ Internal dual piping for toilet flushing∗ Incentives for recycle and reuse∗ Development of different models for recycle and ∗ Development of different models for recycle and reuse

∗ Coloring of recycled water∗ Maximising industrial use of recycled water

29 February 2012

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Solid waste management

∗ Duty of municipal authority to collect waste from the source of generation

∗ Municipal authority to identify suitable locations to facilitate sorting of recyclables

∗ Duty of generators of waste to hand over waste to the collectorscollectors

∗ Duty of Municipal Authorities to provide temporary waste storage depots.

∗ Duty of Municipal Authorities to construct engineered landfills

29 February 2012

THANKS

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PROCEEDINGS OF NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT STANDARDS WORKSHOP ANNEXURE 4C

National Consultation Workshop onNational Sustainable Habitat Standards

29th February 2012NIUA, India Habitat Centre, New DelhiNIUA, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

Ministry has identified the CC Challenges as:-

Water Supply:Supply and Demand Constraints; Competing Water Uses; Energy Demand in Water Supply; Non-revenue water and leakages.

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Sewerage Sector:-Requirement of sewerage infrastructure; q g ;Full Treatment Capacity; Emission of Methane; Preservation of water bodies.

The opportunities in sewerage identified as:-pp gReuse of treated waste water; Capture of Methane for power generation.Energy Efficiency across both sectors

S.No Indicator Benchmark(Sustainable standard- Green)

1 Coverage of connections 100%2 Per capita availability of WS at consumer

end135 Lpcd

3 Extent of metering of WS connections 100%4 Extent of Non-Revenue Water 15%5 Continuity of Water Supply 24 Hrs6 Efficiency of redressal of Customer

Complaints80%

7 Quality of Water Supplied 100%8 Cost recovery of in Water Supply Services 100%9 Efficiency in collection of Water Supply

Charges90%

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S.No Indicator Benchmark (Sustainable standard- Green)

1 Coverage of Toilets 100%2 Coverage of Wastewater network services 100%3 Collection efficiency of Wastewater network 100%4 Adequacy of Wastewater treatment capacity 100%5 Quality of Wastewater treatment 100%6 Extent of reuse & recycling of treated

Wastewater20%

7 Extent of cost recovery in Wastewater management

100%


80%

9 Efficiency in collection of sewerage-related charges

90%

Recommendations on Water Supply:1. Supply Side Management2. Demand Side Management 3. Leakage Management - Reduction in

NRW4. Rain Water Harvesting 5. Water Audit6. Water Efficient Appliances

Recommendations on Sewerage:1. 100 % toilet coverage2. 100% treatment of sewage3. Recycle and reuse of waste water

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Supply Side Management

• City’s own Source DevelopmentL di t t t f t i ll• Long- distance water transfer to service all enroute habitations

• Management of Local Lakes, Springs• Conjunctive use of Groundwater• 100% service coverage of households• 24x7 Continuity of supply• Assured Quality & Quantityssu ed Qua ty & Qua t ty• Mapping of Infrastructure , digitalization &

Hydraulic modeling • IEC on economic worth of water –

preservation etc.

Demand Side Management • Universal Metering of supply with Meter Installation &

Servicing • Tariff with built-in higher costs for excessive consumptiong p• 24x7 supply to promote equity, quality and metering• Energy surcharge in Tariff• Incentives for RWH& Use, Recycled water use

Leakage Management• Universal metering• Community participation in removing illegal connections

Reduction in NRW through continuous leakage study &• Reduction in NRW through continuous leakage study & management

• Meters on free supplies• Total responsibility on same set of staff for supply ,

leakages and billing• 24x7 pressured system

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Rain Water Harvesting• RWH & Recharge for hydrology• Collect, Store and Use for conservation• Collect & detain for reduced flood peaks• Preservation of local Lakes/ Ponds with

RWH• Catchment Storages• Reserved Water body areas• GWT monitoring wells in urban pockets.

Water Audit• Universal Metering• Digitizing networks, developing District Metering

A (DMA ) d i SCADAAreas(DMAs) and using SCADA• Water Balance Report upto DMA area• Monthly Water Balance Report based on billing • Annual / Biannual specialised Water Audit• 24x7 supply to trace latent leaks

Water Efficient AppliancesSmart appliances for water saving; multiplier effectSmart appliances for water saving; multiplier effect on available water; reduced waste water and energy consumption

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100 Toilet Coverage & Treatment100% of coverage of Toilets by network or by on-site systemsU i l f llUniversal access for allConventional/ Non-conventional sewerage and on-site syatems100% connection of toilets to network or transit systemSewerage tariff in proportion to water billedAppropriate Tariff for sustainabilityEnergy surcharge on sewerage tariffsCleaning services for septic tanksCleaning services for septic tanksSeptage ManagementDouble stack plumbing for separate black & Grey waterOn-site packaged treatment unitsFormulation of Sewage Management Rules

Recycle and reuse of waste waterSeparation of Grey & Black water / double p y /stack plumbing for localised treatment and reuseLocalised dual water piping for flushing waterReuse standardsIndustrial uses for recycled waterIncentives for reuse of treated wastewaterIncentives for reuse of treated wastewaterModels for reuse

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BEE has identified Municipal Water Supply & Sewerage systems for energy saving measures The potential energy saving ismeasures. The potential energy saving is next only to that of street lighting

All water supply & sewerage systems mandated for energy audit and implement efficiency measuresHousehold level reduction in energy

h h 2consumption through continuous 24x7 water supplyAssured water quality removes the need household treatment systems

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PROCEEDINGS OF NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT STANDARDS WORKSHOP ANNEXURE 4D

PRESENTATION ON THE PRESENTATION ON THE REPORT OF THE SUBREPORT OF THE SUB--COMMITTEE FOR COMMITTEE FOR

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT PARAMETERS IN THE FIELD OF HABITAT PARAMETERS IN THE FIELD OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

BY BY DR. M. DHINADHAYALANDR. M. DHINADHAYALANDEPUTY ADVISER(PHE)DEPUTY ADVISER(PHE)

CPHEEOCPHEEOMINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENTMINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

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MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENTMINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

Urban India produces about 42 million Urban India produces about 42 million tonnestonnes of municipal solid waste of municipal solid waste annually i.e. 115000 metric tons per day(TPD).annually i.e. 115000 metric tons per day(TPD).

Solid waste management systems adopted in Indian cities/towns are Solid waste management systems adopted in Indian cities/towns are highly inefficient, outdated and lacking public participationhighly inefficient, outdated and lacking public participation

The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 has The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 has specific directives to the Local Bodies, District Administrations and the specific directives to the Local Bodies, District Administrations and the Urban Development Departments of the State Governments for proper Urban Development Departments of the State Governments for proper and scientific management of municipal solid waste. and scientific management of municipal solid waste.

The deadline for implementation of Rules was December 2003, but The deadline for implementation of Rules was December 2003, but hardly any ULB could implement these rules in letter and spirit (these hardly any ULB could implement these rules in letter and spirit (these rules are under revision at present by the M/o E&F) .rules are under revision at present by the M/o E&F) .

22

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TheThe SubSub--CommitteeCommittee recommendedrecommended serviceservice levellevel benchmarksbenchmarks andand proposedproposedmandatorymandatory provisionsprovisions inin thethe StateState lawslaws andand MunicipalMunicipal ByeBye LawsLaws asasNationalNational SustainableSustainable HabitatHabitat ParametersParameters toto ensureensure thatthat futurefuturedevelopmentsdevelopments areare alignedaligned inin accordanceaccordance withwith concernsconcerns relatedrelated toto climateclimatechangechange..AtAt GovtGovt.. ofof IndiaIndia level,level, thethe MSWMSW RulesRules 20002000 needneed toto bebe amendedamended ininAtAt GovtGovt.. ofof IndiaIndia level,level, thethe MSWMSW RulesRules 20002000 needneed toto bebe amendedamended ininconsultationconsultation withwith variousvarious stakeholdersstakeholders withwith aa viewview toto removeremove thethe barriersbarriersinin implementationimplementation ofof MSWMSW Rules,Rules,20002000.. AdequateAdequate provisionprovision shouldshould bebe mademadeinin thethe MSWMSW Rules,Rules, 20002000 toto initiateinitiate legallegal actionaction againstagainst thethe MunicipalMunicipalAuthoritiesAuthorities underunder provisionsprovisions ofof EnvironmentalEnvironmental ProtectionProtection Act,Act, 19861986 andandthethe MSWMSW Rules,Rules, 20002000..TheThe StateState GovtGovt.. shallshall modifymodify thethe StateState lawslaws withwith aa viewview toto imposeimpose penaltypenaltyonon thethe MunicipalMunicipal AuthorityAuthority inin thethe formform ofof deductiondeduction ofof GovtGovt.. grantsgrants(State/Central)(State/Central) tilltill theythey complycomply withwith thethe aforesaidaforesaid directionsdirections andand thosethose( )( ) yy p yp ycontainedcontained inin thethe MSWMSW Rules,Rules, 20002000..TheThe ULBsULBs shallshall modifymodify theirtheir municipalmunicipal byby--lawslaws inin thethe contextcontext ofof MSWMSWRulesRules suitablysuitably incorporatingincorporating thethe provisionsprovisions mademade thereintherein afterafter amendmentamendmentofof MSWMSW Rules,Rules,20002000..

Service Level Benchmarking on Solid Waste ManagementService Level Benchmarking on Solid Waste Management

S. No. Proposed indicators Benchmark1 Household level coverage of solid waste

management services100%

2 Efficiency of collection of municipal solid waste

100%

3 Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste

100%

4 Extent of municipal solid waste recovered (qty of waste processed)

80%

5 Extent of scientific disposal of municipal 100%solid waste

6 Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints

80%

7 Extent of cost recovery in SWM services 100%8 Efficiency in collection of SWM charges

(of the revenue billed)90%

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LEGAL PROVISIONSLEGAL PROVISIONS1. Duty of occupiers of premises to store solid waste at source of 1. Duty of occupiers of premises to store solid waste at source of

generation generation All i t k t t l f th t f biAll i t k t t l f th t f bi d d bld d blAll premises to keep two receptacles, one for the storage of bioAll premises to keep two receptacles, one for the storage of bio--degradable degradable waste and another for nonwaste and another for non-- biobio--degradable.degradable.

2 2 Duty of municipal Authority to collect domestic, trade and institutional Duty of municipal Authority to collect domestic, trade and institutional waste from the source of waste generationwaste from the source of waste generationMunicipal Authority shall arrange for door to door collection and/or Municipal Authority shall arrange for door to door collection and/or community bins for collection of domestic, trade and institutional waste community bins for collection of domestic, trade and institutional waste stored by waste generatorsstored by waste generators through its own staff or NGO/ CBO/ RWA/ through its own staff or NGO/ CBO/ RWA/ Private Sector on a day to day basis; and may levy and collect or permit toPrivate Sector on a day to day basis; and may levy and collect or permit toPrivate Sector on a day to day basis; and may levy and collect. or permit to Private Sector on a day to day basis; and may levy and collect. or permit to collect, user charges to meet the cost of providing this service.collect, user charges to meet the cost of providing this service.

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3. Municipal authority to identify suitable locations to facilitate segregation of 3. Municipal authority to identify suitable locations to facilitate segregation of recyclable waste.recyclable waste.The Municipal Authorities may identify suitable locations in their Jurisdiction to The Municipal Authorities may identify suitable locations in their Jurisdiction to f ili i f i f l bl i l ll d bf ili i f i f l bl i l ll d bfacilitate segregation of various components of recyclable material collected by facilitate segregation of various components of recyclable material collected by waste collectors and prevent such activities being carried out on the footpaths, waste collectors and prevent such activities being carried out on the footpaths, road side, etc.road side, etc.

44 Duty of occupier of households / shops / establishment to hand over the bio Duty of occupier of households / shops / establishment to hand over the bio ––degradable, recyclable material / nondegradable, recyclable material / non--biobio--degradable waste to the waste degradable waste to the waste collectors.collectors.It shall be incumbent on households / shops / establishments and all other waste It shall be incumbent on households / shops / establishments and all other waste generators to hand over their segregated bio generators to hand over their segregated bio –– degradable, recyclable waste and degradable, recyclable waste and NonNon--biobio--degradable wastes to waste collectors of the municipal authorities, or any degradable wastes to waste collectors of the municipal authorities, or any agency fixed by the municipal authorities as may be notified by the Municipal agency fixed by the municipal authorities as may be notified by the Municipal Authorities from time to time, and pay the user fees as may be prescribed by Authorities from time to time, and pay the user fees as may be prescribed by Municipal Authority. Such waste shall not be disposed of on the streets, open Municipal Authority. Such waste shall not be disposed of on the streets, open spacesspaces,, water bodies etc.water bodies etc.

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5. Duty of Societies/Associations/Management to provide community bins5. Duty of Societies/Associations/Management to provide community bins

InIn aa situationsituation wherewhere doordoor toto doordoor wastewaste collectioncollection systemsystem isis notnot introducedintroducedbyby thethe municipalmunicipal authority,authority, itit shallshall bebe incumbentincumbent onon thethe managementmanagement ofof CoCo--operativeoperative Societies,Societies, Associations,Associations, InstitutionalInstitutional buildings,buildings, marketsmarkets etcetc totoprovideprovide communitycommunity binsbins ofof appropriateappropriate sizesize inin aa mannermanner asas maymay bebeprescribedprescribed byby MunicipalMunicipal authorityauthority toto facilitatefacilitate primaryprimary collectioncollection byby thethemunicipalmunicipal authoritiesauthorities..

6. Receptacles to be kept in good condition6. Receptacles to be kept in good condition

Receptacles as stated above shall at all times be kept in good repair and Receptacles as stated above shall at all times be kept in good repair and condition and shall be provided in such number and at such places as may condition and shall be provided in such number and at such places as may be considered adequate and appropriate to contain the waste produced by be considered adequate and appropriate to contain the waste produced by the citizens supposed to be served by the community bins.the citizens supposed to be served by the community bins.

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7. Duty of occupiers to deposit solid waste in community bins7. Duty of occupiers to deposit solid waste in community binsIt shall be incumbent on occupiers of all premises for whom community bins have It shall be incumbent on occupiers of all premises for whom community bins have been provided, the segregated domestic solid waste, trade waste, institutional waste been provided, the segregated domestic solid waste, trade waste, institutional waste from their premises to be deposited in the appropriate community bins.from their premises to be deposited in the appropriate community bins.

8. Duty of Municipal Authorities to provide temporary Waste storage depots 8. Duty of Municipal Authorities to provide temporary Waste storage depots It shall be incumbent on the Municipal Authorities to either Provide and It shall be incumbent on the Municipal Authorities to either Provide and hygienically maintain adequate covered waste storage depots in the city or place. hygienically maintain adequate covered waste storage depots in the city or place. They shall also make adequate provision for the safe deposition of domestic They shall also make adequate provision for the safe deposition of domestic hazardous waste material by the citizens as may be notified and arrange for their hazardous waste material by the citizens as may be notified and arrange for their collection and safe disposal.collection and safe disposal.

9. Duty of Municipal Authorities to collect waste from community bins and to 9. Duty of Municipal Authorities to collect waste from community bins and to deposit it at Bulk Waste Storage depots for onward transportdeposit it at Bulk Waste Storage depots for onward transportdeposit it at Bulk Waste Storage depots for onward transportdeposit it at Bulk Waste Storage depots for onward transportAt places where door to door collection is not introduced by the Municipal At places where door to door collection is not introduced by the Municipal authorities and waste is stored in community bins (authorities and waste is stored in community bins (parapara 5 above), it shall be 5 above), it shall be incumbent for Municipal Authorities to remove all solid waste deposited in incumbent for Municipal Authorities to remove all solid waste deposited in community bins on a daily basis.community bins on a daily basis.

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10. Duty of Municipal Authorities to arrange sweeping of all public streets and 10. Duty of Municipal Authorities to arrange sweeping of all public streets and slumsslumsIt shall be incumbent on Municipal Authorities to arrange for sweeping of all It shall be incumbent on Municipal Authorities to arrange for sweeping of all

bli h i h bi i / i l i i b h i h id d llbli h i h bi i / i l i i b h i h id d llpublic streets having habitation/commercial activity on both or either side and all public streets having habitation/commercial activity on both or either side and all slums on all days of the year including Sundays and public holidays. The Municipal slums on all days of the year including Sundays and public holidays. The Municipal Authorities shall also arrange cleaning of all public spaces at regular intervals and Authorities shall also arrange cleaning of all public spaces at regular intervals and keep them clean. keep them clean.

11.Duty of Municipal Authorities to transport the waste stored at the waste 11.Duty of Municipal Authorities to transport the waste stored at the waste storage depot regularly.storage depot regularly.It shall be incumbent for the Municipal Authorities to arrange for the transportation It shall be incumbent for the Municipal Authorities to arrange for the transportation p g pp g pof waste stored at waste storage depots on a daily basis and ensure that waste is of waste stored at waste storage depots on a daily basis and ensure that waste is transported before the waste storage containers start overflowing at places where transported before the waste storage containers start overflowing at places where covered containers are placed.covered containers are placed.

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12.Municipal Authorities to construct engineered landfills and setup treatment 12.Municipal Authorities to construct engineered landfills and setup treatment facilities to minimize the waste going to landfills.facilities to minimize the waste going to landfills.

MunicipalMunicipal AuthoritiesAuthorities shallshall undertakeundertake constructionconstruction ofof engineeredengineered landfillslandfillsMunicipalMunicipal AuthoritiesAuthorities shallshall undertakeundertake constructionconstruction ofof engineeredengineered landfillslandfillsonon prioritypriority asas perper thethe provisionsprovisions ofof MSWMSW Rules,Rules, 20002000 andand ensureensure thatthat nonoMSWMSW isis disposeddisposed ofof atat anyany placeplace otherother thanthan engineeredengineered landfilllandfill.. ThisThis shallshallbebe donedone inin aa timetime boundbound mannermanner inin conformityconformity withwith MunicipalMunicipal SolidSolid wastewaste(Management(Management &Handling)&Handling) RulesRules 20002000.. MunicipalMunicipal AuthoritiesAuthorities shallshallsimultaneouslysimultaneously promotepromote thethe processingprocessing ofof MunicipalMunicipal SolidSolid wastewaste andand shallshallreducereduce thethe wastewaste goinggoing toto landfilllandfill byby adoptingadopting thethe conceptconcept ofof Reduce,Reduce,Reuse,Reuse, recoverrecover && RecycleRecycle (RRRR)(RRRR).. TheThe MunicipalMunicipal AuthoritiesAuthorities shallshall reducereducehh ii l dfilll dfill hh ii h dh d (( ll 1515%% hhthethe wastewaste goinggoing toto landfillslandfills eacheach yearyear inin phasedphased mannermanner (at(at--leastleast 1515%% eacheach

year)year) toto achieveachieve notnot moremore thanthan 2020%% wastewaste toto bebe landfilledlandfilled afterafter aa 55 yearyearperiodperiod..

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13. Municipal Authority to have freedom to select appropriate technology.13. Municipal Authority to have freedom to select appropriate technology.ItIt shallshall bebe thethe discretiondiscretion ofof thethe MunicipalMunicipal authority,authority, dependingdepending onon thethephysicalphysical andand chemicalchemical characteristicscharacteristics ofof thethe waste,waste, toto determinedetermine thethetreatmenttreatment ofof MunicipalMunicipal SolidSolid wastewaste eithereither throughthrough compostingcomposting oror wastewaste totoenergyenergy technologytechnology inin accordanceaccordance withwith MunicipalMunicipal SolidSolid WasteWastegygy gygy pp(Management(Management && Handling)Handling) RulesRules 20002000

14. Bio 14. Bio –– degradable waste not to mix with inert wastes such as street degradable waste not to mix with inert wastes such as street sweepings, Construction debris, Bio sweepings, Construction debris, Bio –– Medical Wastes etc.Medical Wastes etc.MunicipalMunicipal AuthoritiesAuthorities shallshall ensureensure thatthat thethe streetstreet sweepingssweepings andand BioBio ––degradabledegradable wastewaste collectedcollected duringduring doordoor toto doordoor collectioncollection areare notnot allowedallowedtoto mixmix withwith inertinert wasteswastes suchsuch asas streetstreet sweepings,sweepings, ConstructionConstruction debris,debris, BioBio–– MedicalMedical WastesWastes..

15. Prohibition against deposition of building rubbish15. Prohibition against deposition of building rubbishNo person shall deposit or cause or permit to be deposited any building No person shall deposit or cause or permit to be deposited any building

rubbish in or along any street, public place or open land except at a place rubbish in or along any street, public place or open land except at a place designated for the purpose and in conformity with conditions laid down by designated for the purpose and in conformity with conditions laid down by the municipal Authoritiesthe municipal Authorities

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1616 Prohibition on disposal of carcasses etc.Prohibition on disposal of carcasses etc.No person shall deposit or otherwise dispose of the carcass or parts of any dead No person shall deposit or otherwise dispose of the carcass or parts of any dead animal at a place not provided or appointed for this purpose.animal at a place not provided or appointed for this purpose.

1717 Punishment for non segregation of waste or littering on streets and depositing Punishment for non segregation of waste or littering on streets and depositing or throwing any solid waste in contravention of the provisions of this Act/Bye or throwing any solid waste in contravention of the provisions of this Act/Bye LawLaw..WhosoeverWhosoever failsfails toto segregatesegregate BioBio--degradabledegradable && nonnon biobio degradabledegradable wasteswastes atat

sourcesource ofof generationgeneration oror litterslitters thethe streetsstreets oror publicpublic placesplaces inin contraventioncontravention ofof thetheprovisionsprovisions ofof thisthis Act/Act/ ByeBye LawsLaws shallshall bebe punishedpunished onon thethe spotspot withwith aa finefine inin thetherangerange ofof RsRs..100100 toto 50005000 asas maymay bebe prescribedprescribed underunder thethe RulesRules framedframed byby thethe StateStateGovtGovt.. oror byby thethe MunicipalMunicipal AuthoritiesAuthorities underunder thethe byelawsbyelaws forfor variousvarious typestypes ofof wastewastegeneratorsgenerators fromfrom timetime toto timetime..

TheThe amountamount ofof finefine imposed,imposed, ifif notnot paidpaid onon thethe spot,spot, shallshall bebe recoverablerecoverable asas arrearsarrearsofof PropertyProperty TaxTax oror inin anyany otherother mannermanner deemeddeemed appropriateappropriate byby thethe MunicipalMunicipalAuthorityAuthority.. TheThe MunicipalMunicipal AuthorityAuthority maymay alsoalso recoverrecover thethe costcost ofof removalremoval suchsuchwastewaste fromfrom thethe defaulterdefaulter inin additionaddition toto finefine imposedimposed.. TheThe amountamount ofof finefine shallshall bebekeptkept higherhigher forfor repeatrepeat offencesoffences..

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18. Sanction against18. Sanction against municipal authority failing to comply with MSW Rules, 2000 municipal authority failing to comply with MSW Rules, 2000 or Provision of this Act.or Provision of this Act.If the Municipal authority fails to discharge its obligatory functions under MSW If the Municipal authority fails to discharge its obligatory functions under MSW Rules, 2000 or the direction given in aforesaid provisions of the Act, on the Rules, 2000 or the direction given in aforesaid provisions of the Act, on the recommendation of the State Pollution Control Board or on its own the Staterecommendation of the State Pollution Control Board or on its own the Staterecommendation of the State Pollution Control Board, or on its own, the State recommendation of the State Pollution Control Board, or on its own, the State Govt. may impose penalty on the Municipal Authority in the form of deduction of Govt. may impose penalty on the Municipal Authority in the form of deduction of Govt. grants (State/Central) ranging from Rs. 50000 to 5 Govt. grants (State/Central) ranging from Rs. 50000 to 5 lacslacs per month till they per month till they comply with the aforesaid directions and those contained in the MSW Rules, 2000.comply with the aforesaid directions and those contained in the MSW Rules, 2000.

19.District Collector/Deputy Commissioner to allot suitable parcels of waste 19.District Collector/Deputy Commissioner to allot suitable parcels of waste land/less productive agriculture land for setting up municipal solid waste land/less productive agriculture land for setting up municipal solid waste treatment and disposal facilities.treatment and disposal facilities.In absence of availabilityIn absence of availability of suitable land for construction of municipal solid waste of suitable land for construction of municipal solid waste treatment and disposal facilities and on request from a municipal authority to allottreatment and disposal facilities and on request from a municipal authority to allottreatment and disposal facilities, and on request from a municipal authority to allot treatment and disposal facilities, and on request from a municipal authority to allot suitable land for the aforesaid purpose, the district collector/deputy commissioner suitable land for the aforesaid purpose, the district collector/deputy commissioner of the district shall identify and allot suitable parcels of waste lands, (and in of the district shall identify and allot suitable parcels of waste lands, (and in absence of waste land, relatively less productive land), for setting up waste absence of waste land, relatively less productive land), for setting up waste processing/treatment facility and engineered landfill for the municipal authority at a processing/treatment facility and engineered landfill for the municipal authority at a price that may be determined by the State Govtprice that may be determined by the State Govt. .

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InIn orderorder toto optimizeoptimize thethe useuse ofof thethe landland forfor thethe benefitbenefit ofof severalseveral suchsuchAuthorities,Authorities, thethe StateState GovtGovt.. maymay alsoalso identifyidentify aa suitablysuitably largelarge parcelparcel ofofland,land, usingusing satellitesatellite imagery,imagery, forfor settingsetting upup regionalregional (common)(common) landfilllandfill forforclustersclusters ofof citiescities // towns,towns, withinwithin aa reasonablereasonable traveltravel distancedistance fromfrom thetheclustersclusters ofof citiescities // towns,towns, withinwithin aa reasonablereasonable traveltravel distancedistance fromfrom thetheTown/CitiesTown/Cities.. ItIt isis desirabledesirable forfor StateState GovernmentsGovernments toto createcreate aa suitablesuitablepolicypolicy frameworkframework toto enableenable sharedshared facilitiesfacilities toto bebe implementedimplemented..

20. Planning authorities to reserve suitable land for treatment and 20. Planning authorities to reserve suitable land for treatment and disposal of Municipal Solid wastes.disposal of Municipal Solid wastes.

The Planning authority of the State / region/ District/ City shall reserveThe Planning authority of the State / region/ District/ City shall reserveThe Planning authority of the State / region/ District/ City shall reserve The Planning authority of the State / region/ District/ City shall reserve suitable land for treatment and disposal of municipal Solid waste in the suitable land for treatment and disposal of municipal Solid waste in the development plan/ Land use plan of the city / district /region and state as an development plan/ Land use plan of the city / district /region and state as an when prepared / approved by them. when prepared / approved by them.

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THANKSTHANKS

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PROCEEDINGS OF NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT STANDARDS WORKSHOPANNEXURE 4E

REPORT OF SUB-COMMITTEE

FOR

DEVELOPMENT OF

NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT PARAMETERS

ON

‘URBAN STORM WATER MANAGEMENT’

ByCentral Public Health & Environmental Engineering

Organization (CPHEEO)

BACKGROUND

To address the climate change related concerns invarious important sectors, the first National ActionPlan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was released bythe Prime Minister on June 30, 2008.The NAPCC set out eight ‘National Missions’ asthe way forward in implementing the Government’sstrategy and achieving the National Action Plan’sobjectives.

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It outlines existing and future policies andprograms addressing climate changemitigation and adaptationmitigation and adaptation.The focus of these Missions is on promotingunderstanding of climate change, adaptionand mitigation, energy efficiency and naturalresource conservation.The National Mission on Sustainable Habitatpertains to this Ministry.

NECESSITY

Lack of planned effective storm drainage system.yIllegal, unplanned development coupled with encroachment on natural areas and drainage ways. Ignoring benefits from important

environmental functions.

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Increase in built up areas / impermeableareas.As a result of above, permanent changesto the catchment are caused, leading tochanges in run-off patterns causingfloods.

SUSTAINABLE ?? STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

Ad ti f i i t tAdoption of visionary storm watermanagement approach which combinespreventive measures with traditional curativeand reactive measures in appropriate sum soas to minimize negative impacts on humanproperty and environmental health.

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Considering storm water as a potentialresource rather than as a liability or aywaste product.Preserving and maintaining the naturalhydrological cycle, ground waterrecharge and natural drainage systemrecharge and natural drainage systemetc.

DEVELOPMENT OF PARAMETERS

In respect of storm water drainage management theconsensus emerged was that ‘what getsmeasured gets managed’.

The development of parameters was foundessential for de eloping legal frame ork/reg lationsessential for developing legal framework/regulationsto improve urban planning in respect of storm waterdrainage.

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ROLE OF PARAMETERS/INDICATORSTo assess and monitor the progress ofo assess a d o to t e p og ess oimplementing sustainable storm watermanagement, the need was felt to develop keyparameters and indicators.These parameters are generally in the form ofThese parameters are generally in the form ofindices for systematic and scientificassessment of situation, progress and deficit.

Each of the indicators designed for storm watermanagement should serve the purpose and

t d t di f h hpromote understanding of where we are, where weare going and how far we are from our goal.Based on above approach a set ofparameters/indicators in the form of indices haveb d l d hi h d b id d llbeen developed which need to be considered at allstages of development namely, planning,implementation and operation and maintenance.

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THE INDICATORS/PARAMETERS1. Master Plan Index.

Existing storm water drains are provided based on comprehensive planning and designing or in piece-meal manner.

2. Natural Drainage System Index Ratio of natural drainage systems up and running to the total natural drainage systems .

3. Drainage Coverage (Constructed) Index Ratio of the length of existing constructed drains to the length of total constructed drains required for an area.

4 P bili I d4. Permeability IndexPercentage of the catchment which is impervious.

5. Water bodies Rejuvenation IndexRatio of total area under water bodies planned for rejuvenation to the total area of water bodies including those encroached upon.

6. Water body Vulnerability Index.Ratio of total area under water bodies encroached (present date) to the total area under water bodies (on a datum date).

7. Water logging IndexArea inundated for certain hours and having water depth more than 6” are considered as affected by water logging.

8. Area Vulnerability IndexRatio of total flood prone as area (present date) to the total city area (on a datum date).)

9. People Vulnerability IndexNumber of people affected in vulnerable area with or without drainage divided by total number of people staying in the vulnerable area (with or without drainage)

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10. Flood Moderation IndexRatio of area not flooded due to moderation; to the area that would have been flooded without moderation.

11. Drainage Cleaning IndexDrainage cleaning should be done at least three times a year Drainage cleaning should be done at least three times a year. (i) First, the process must start by 31st March each year and be completed one month before the normal arrival of monsoon each year. (ii) The drains should also be thoroughly cleaned after first heavy shower, (iii) subsequently, after retreating of rain i.e. in the post monsoon, the cleaning of drains is essential.

12. Complaint Redressal IndexA certain eligible category of complaints registered and those addressed.A certain eligible category of complaints registered and those addressed.

13. Climate Change Stress IndexRatio of the projected rainfall intensity for a city to the present rainfall intensity being used for design for that city.

14. Storm water discharge quality IndexRatio of the measured value of Total Suspended Solids (TSS)/Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the storm drain water to the prescribed limits of TSS/BOD.

15 Sewage Mixing Index15. Sewage Mixing IndexRatio of the volume of sewage flows entering the storm water drainage

system to the total volume of flows in the storm water system.

16. Preparedness Index/Early Warning IndexRatio of lead time to the flow time at the point. Radar based advance warning system of rainfall as well as one based on real time rainfall intensity viz. critical rainfall intensity causing flooding /real time rainfall intensity likely to cause flooding in flood prone areas.

17. Rainfall Intensity IndexRatio of the observed rainfall intensity to the rainfall intensity which causes flooding in that particular area.

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18. System Robustness IndexRatio of rate of incoming storm flow to rate of pumping.

19. Tidal Index Ratio of tidal level for which the present protection is adequate to the maximum tidal level observed for that area/city.

20. Rain Water Harvesting/Artificial Ground Water Recharge IndexRatio of the rainwater volume stored/harvested to the ratio of the measured rainfall volume. In the planning level itself, 2 to 5% of urban area should be p greserved for water bodies to work as recharge zone.

Two indicators are identified and listed under the handbook of service level bench marking published by the MoUD:

(i) The aggregate number of incidences of water logging per year - the duration of flooding is defined greater than 4 hours with a depth greater than 6 inches. and

(ii) Extent of coverage by drainage system - the coverage being defined as total length of primary, secondary / tertiary drains divided by total length of road having width greater than 3.5m.

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

By- V.K. ChaurasiaDeputy Adviser(PHE)CPHEEO

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PROCEEDINGS OF NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE HABITAT STANDARDS WORKSHOP ANNEXURE 4F

Towards Responsive Urban And Regional Planning…

Report of the Sub CommitteeOn

Development of Sustainable HabitatDevelopment of Sustainable Habitat Parameters in the Field of Urban Planning

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Background• The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat was launched in order to draw

necessary action plans to achieve sustainability of human habitats.

• The Mission has identified key areas that require immediate interventions.

• The first Meeting of the Sub‐ Committee for the Development of SustainableHabitat Parameters in the field of Urban Planning was held on 14thSeptember 2010 under the Chairmanship of the Member Secretary, NationalCapital Region Planning Board [NCRPB].

• This document presents a framework for integrating sustainability issues as a• This document presents a framework for integrating sustainability issues as akey concern into all systems for planning, design, development,implementation, enforcement and management of cities. The documentalso makes an attempt to quantify all parameters of sustainability withmeasurable indicators to benchmark and monitor sustainability.

• The Report presents sustainability of human habitats in Indiain four sectionsd fi i i bili l i d h f d l• defining sustainability – laying down the fundamentals;

• achieving and enhancing sustainability – articulating the keyprinciples;

• planning for sustainability – formulating appropriateprocesses and

• measuring sustainability in terms parameters and indicators. • While the term human habitat includes both urban and rural

settlements, this Report deals primarily with cities and theirsettlements, this Report deals primarily with cities and theirhinterland i.e. regions and serves as a framework for guidingdevelopment processes at city level and at the regional levelaround cities.

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Defining Sustainability

• Applied to the urban context of the most fundamentalelements of sustainability are the utilization of naturalelements of sustainability are the utilization of naturalresources in a city region most efficiently, mostequitably across sections of society and in such amanner that the resources are conserved and renewedfor future generations to meet their needs andaspirations.

Achieving and Enhancing Sustainability – Principles

• This sections attempts to capture all ideas of what constitutessustainability, under five core principles:

• Development

• Efficiency

‐ Land

‐ Water

‐ Energy

• Equity

• Safety

• Harmony

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Planning for Sustainability

• Legal and Institutional framework for planningThe legislation should ensure that the institutionalThe legislation should ensure that the institutionalset up for preparing the plans is established in astatutory manner.All plans so prepared need to be revised with aperiodicity appropriate to each level of planning.

• Information BaseEff ti l i f t i bl h bit t iEffective planning for sustainable habitats requiresregular monitoring of all indicators ofsustainability, periodic data collection, analysis andpublication of outputs.

Land Use Planning

At all levels of planning, land use planning is required to be responsive to thefollowing sustainability imperatives:

• Systematic, timely supply of appropriate land for urban uses as well asy , y pp y pp psupporting uses

– Promoting compact city development and limit urban sprawl. • Clear demarcation and protection of ecologically sensitive and risk prone

areas.• Density zoning with the following features:

– Variable density across space corresponding to capacity of infrastructure.– Provisions for transfer of development rights as well as purchasable development rights

to ensure equity in the allocation of these rights.– Land use transport integration by ensuring that the nature and intensity of land use is

higher along higher capacity transportation corridors and vice versa.• Appropriate mix of land uses designed to reduce trip lengths as well as the• Appropriate mix of land uses designed to reduce trip lengths as well as the

number of trips required on a daily basis.• Redevelopment of land under inappropriate use or under low intensity use in

high capacity locations.

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Sustainable Mobility Planning

Mobility Planning has to cover the following aspects:• Provision of adequate road network with the following characteristics:

– A pattern that distributes traffic and offers alternate routes of movementA pattern that distributes traffic and offers alternate routes of movement.– Adequate right of way to support public transport systems.

• Land use transport integration through density zoning in alignment withpublic transport systems.

• Adequate facilities for pedestrians and non‐motorized vehicles, incoordination with public transport systems.

• Assessment of the carbon footprint of overall transportation system,segregated by public and private systems and by mode.

• Formulation of policies on pricing of public facilities and taxation ofprivate ones with the objective of reducing the overall carbon footprint.

• Adoption and enforcement of pollution control norms on all vehicles.• Active promotion of the use of more sustainable sources of energy for

transportation.

Water and Wastewater Management

Planning for infrastructure has to expand its mandate from providingservices to doing so in an environmentally sustainable manner. Thefollowing aspects are to be covered:g p

• Overall water balance in the city‐region, considering precipitation, inter‐basin transfers and ground water resources on the one hand and theconsumption of water for urban functions on the other.

• Plans for sourcing, treatment, transportation and distribution of water fordrinking and other urban uses in the most sustainable and decentralizedmanner possible.

• Collection of wastewater, its treatment, reuse and disposal in the mostsustainable and decentralized manner possible.

• Protection and conservation of natural water bodies including theirinterconnectionsinterconnections.

• Creation of green buffers along the banks of all natural and manmadewater bodies and water channels to ensure their protection as well as tonurture the relationship of human beings with nature.

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Waste Reduction and Waste Management

• Proactive measures need to be planned and implemented toreduce the generation of waste.

• Reduction of domestic waste generation by inducingbehavioral changes related to consumption (e.g. plastic usereduction).

• Active promotion of decentralized recycling of recyclablesincluding domestic and commercial wastes.

• Planning and implementation of waste reduction initiativesfor industry using concepts like industrial ecology.

• Planning and implementation of efficient and effectivesystems for collection, transportation, treatment, recyclingand reuse or disposal of municipal solid waste in the mostsustainable and decentralized manner possible.

Energy Planning and Conservation

• Interventions for energy planning and conservation include both directones as well as interventions in other verticals of urban development.Some of the most important measures are listed below:p

• Systematic planning for energy in urban areas– Detailed estimates of demand and supply.– Formulation of strategies for demand management and supply management.– Preparation of policies and projects.

• Promotion of energy efficiency in building design and construction through appropriate incentive frameworks

– Reducing the need for artificial lighting, air conditioning and other forms of energy consumption in buildings.

– Use of materials with lower levels of embodied energy in construction materials.• Promoting the use of sustainable sources of power such as solar energyPromoting the use of sustainable sources of power such as solar energy,

wind energy, etc– At grid level.– At individual building/ layout level .– In sectors of economy.– In public facilities.

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Management of land, Air and Water Quality

• The approach has been to monitor the quality of land, airand water, and to take corrective action where required.However with the current levels of pollution a moreHowever, with the current levels of pollution, a moreproactive approach is required wherein the followingprocesses are recommended:

• Benchmarking the current levels of quality of land, air andwater.

• Establish targets for quality levels and the time frames inwhich to achieve them.

• Analyze the causative factors for deterioration in quality andid tif f i t tiidentify areas of intervention

• Prepare policies and projects .• Implement policies and projects.• Monitor outcomes and create a feedback loop to policy and

project formulation.

Decentralization and Public Participation in Planning and Governance• The legal framework for decentralization and public participation in

planning and governance are mandated in the Constitution Amendmentsplanning and governance are mandated in the Constitution Amendmentsand also in State legislations of some States. However, in most states theoperationalisation at city level has not occurred. The key interventionsrequired is adoption of the decentralized and participatory planningprocess.Local Economic Development

• Planning for economic development continues to be the prerogative ofState Governments. Cities need to take up a role that provides anappropriate climate for creation of wealth, development of skills andknowledge of citizens. The action areas include:

• Making coordinated policies between State and the Local Body through• Making coordinated policies between State and the Local Body throughregional planning framework for convergence of goals.

• Facilitating education and skill development programs.• Ensuring quality of working and living environments through provision of

quality services and prevention of pollution.

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• Social Services Planning• Planning for social services will include the following areas:• Population projections with break up by age groups and income groups with adequate

information on vulnerable groups.• Demand assessment: Estimation of requirements for various facilities related to health,

education, etc. with quality specifications.• Supply assessment: Survey of existing facilities in terms of quantity and quality.• Formulation of strategies for government driven supply as well as strategies for enabling

supply from private sector.• Public Private People Partnerships• It is important that as a cross cutting theme in all the planning processes, opportunities

should be explored and created for the Government, the market and communities topartner with each other. More specifically it would involve the following:

• Involving people at all stages of the planning process.• Building partnerships to bring investments and efficiency benefits of private sector.

– Parameters and Indicators

• Land‐Timely availability of suitable serviced land in adequatequantity and at appropriate locations.

• Suitability• Suitability• Indicator‐i: Area/population experiencing natural hazard risks during

the past 5 years.• Indicator‐ii: Extent of area preserved as natural resource area of the

total areas identified for conservation.• Indicator‐iii: Extent of land under natural resource areas (water

bodies, natural drainage systems, forests areas) converted in the past 5 years as a ratio to total of such areas in the area developed during the past 5 years.

• Indicator‐iv: Extent of land area released for urban development in areas that are suitable for urban uses (not covered under indicators ito iii above).

•

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• Adequacy • Indicator‐ i: Land area planned for urban development as a ratio of land

area required in the next 5 years.area required in the next 5 years.• Indicator‐ii: Extent of land area serviced which is planned for urban

development in the next 5 years.• Indicator‐iii: Land area planned for residential development reserved for low

income groups as a ratio of land area required in the next 5 years (including redevelopment/relocation requirements).

• Indicator‐iv: Ratio of housing starts to that of average household formation.• Indicator‐v: Rate of low income housing starts to that of total requirement.• Appropriate Location• Indicator‐i: Extent of land developed outside planned areaIndicator i: Extent of land developed outside planned area. • Indicator‐ii: Extent of land developed with Development Control violations.• Indicator‐iii: Ratio of total developed area to contiguously developed area .

Optimal Use of Land

• Compact City to Prevent Urban Sprawl• Indicator‐i: Extent of Sprawl: Proportion of area experiencing

b d l id h l d b d lurban development outside the planned urban development area to total urban area.

• Indicator‐ii: Extent of planned land remaining as vacant.• Indicator‐iii: Vacant land publicly owned as a percentage of

total vacant land.• Indicator‐iv: Vacant land not in the market due to legislative

rigidities (ULCRA, Reserved Land).• Optimality/Intensity of Land useOptimality/Intensity of Land use• Indicator‐i: Intensity of Development‐Average utilisation of

FAR in planned areas.• Indicator‐ii: Intensity of Development‐ Appropriate Densities.

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• Urban Renewal• Indicator‐i: Poorly located land uses: Extent of area under incompatible and non conforming land uses

(Polluting or non‐transit oriented eg‐ Industrial land, warehouses located in central city areas).d / h b l / d l f d f d l l l d• Indicator‐ii: Conservation /Rehabilitation /Redevelopment of areas identified as cultural areas planned

and actual (Loss of areas identified as cultural areas).• Indicator‐iii: Non‐functional uses: Extent of areas proposed for development which are currently under

non‐functional uses (eg: Closed industrial mills).• Indicator‐iv: Recover /redevelop waste lands as natural resource areas (Extent of areas developed versus

total).• Balanced Development/Harmony:• Indicator‐i: Mixed Landuse: (Average at city versus zonal averages).• Indicator‐ii: Multi‐centric City: Number of centres (relevant only for million plus & mega cities) .• Indicator‐iii: Mixed Income City: Extent of low income housing in high and middle income housing areas.• Indicator‐iv: Area of parks and green spaces per 1,000 population.• Indicator‐v: Area under/Number of wooded areas per lakh population.Indicator v: Area under/Number of wooded areas per lakh population.• Indicator‐vi: Percentage of area under green cover(14‐25% depending on size of settlement).

Plan Process • Regularity and Content

• Indicator‐i: Periodicity of plan preparation and revision (measured asaverage age of plans).

• Indicator‐ii: Adoption of land suitability analysis, including disaster riskassessment.

• Indicator‐iii: Adherence to environmental/landuse zonation (Adoption ofEnvironmental Assessment as part of plan making).

• Indicator‐iv: Inclusion of features for land use transport integration,compact city planning, risk mitigation and universal access to housing.

• Compliance to proposed plan• Indicator‐i: Extent of non‐ compliance to environmental/industrial zoning:

Units outside zoned areas.• Indicator‐ii: Extent of occupied buildings which do not possess use

permission (other than slums) .• Public Partnership• Indicator‐i: Mandatory provisions for public participation.• Indicator‐ii: Number of public consultations held and attendance at such

consultations.

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Sustainable Economic Development • Productivity

• Indicator‐i: Per capita GDP.• Indicator‐ii: Employment/Area under productive landuse (including

manufacturing, service sector, etc).• Indicator‐iii: Infrastructure Service Level (Composite Index) .• Diversity• Indicator‐i:Single versus multi‐sector economy (Ratio of most important

activity versus next most important based on 2 digit code) .• Stability of growth• Indicator‐i: Rate of business starts (establishment registration growth)• Indicator‐ii: Rate of Industrial Growth – Factory Sector (Chief Inspector of

factories))• Indicator‐iii: Rate of Industrial Growth – Other than Factory Sector • Indicator‐iv: Extent of informal activity

Energy and Environment

• Environmental status• Indicator‐i: Air Quality measured at various locations: percentage of

Residential Areas exposed to air pollution.• Indicator ii: Water Quality measured at various locations: percentage• Indicator‐ii: Water Quality measured at various locations: percentage

of Residential Areas exposed to water pollution.• Indicator‐iii: Noise Levels measured at various locations: percentage

of Residential Areas exposed to noise pollution.• Environmentally Sensitive Development• Indicator‐i: Proportion of environmentally hazardous manufacturing

activity within the city (percentage employment/ percentage output/percentage Units).

• Indicator‐ii: Environmentally sensitive practices ‐Extent of greenIndicator ii: nvironmentally sensitive practices xtent of greenenergy use.

• Indicator‐iii: Environmentally sensitive practices ‐Extent of WasteTreatment – Domestic.

• Indicator‐iv: Environmentally sensitive practices ‐Extent of WasteTreatment – Industrial.

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• Energy• Indicator i: Total energy consumption per capita (To be reviewed alongside per capita

income and quality of life indicators – the objective is to achieve a lower energyti f th l l f i d lit f lif )consumption for the same level of income and quality of life).

• Indicator ii: Percentage of energy consumption derived from renewable sources.• Indicator‐iii: Provisions to encourage green building including incentive frameworks.• Indicator‐iv: Number of green and non green buildings (Percentage of buildings with energy

rating of various levels).• Indicator v: Energy consumption per square foot of built up area of buildings – categorized

by use as well as by public and private (To be reviewed alongside performance criteria forbuildings such as illumination levels and thermal comfort – the objective is to achieve alower energy consumption for the same level of visual and thermal comfort).

• Eco‐sensitive Development• Indicator‐i: Area under water recharge zones.• Indicator‐ii: Coordination with national storm water network.• Indicator‐iii: Definition of Natural Hazards, delineation of Natural Hazards prone areas in

the Master Plan/Development Plan, Development Control Regulations and Building Byelawsfor Natural Hazard Prone Areas.

• Indicator‐iv: Incorporation of incentive mechanisms.

• Waste reduction, treatment and green spaces• Indicator‐i: Total percentage of public open spaces.• Indicator‐ii: Landfill/ open spaces‐ provision for full treatmentIndicator ii: Landfill/ open spaces provision for full treatment.• Indicator‐iii: Provisions for promoting waste reduction and waste

reuse .• Equity• Indicator i: Extent of land made available for housing the poor.• Indicator‐ii: Extent of housing/land made available for poor.• Indicator‐iii: Tenure provision to urban poor (percentage of total).• Indicator‐iv: Percentage urban poor households with basic services.• Indicator‐v: Distribution of urban poor housing/land in high and

middle income housing areas.• Indicator vi: Access to livelihood opportunities.• Indicator vii: Integration of informal activities with streets and other

public places (Proportion in previous year – integrated /totalestimated).

• Indicator viii: Programs for enhancement of livelihoods for urbanpoor (coverage).

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• Land use ‐ Transport Integration• Indicator i: Density.

I di ii C l f h k• Indicator ii: Completeness of the network.• Indicator iii: Network Density or percentage area under roads.• Indicator iv: Transit Coverage (Population /Area).• Indicator v: Average Trip Length/Travel Time.• Indicator vi: Fatalities per thousand vehicle kms.• Indicator vii: percentage transit ridership.• Indicator ix Average travel time for work.• Indicator x: Fare per passenger km.Indicator x: Fare per passenger km.• Indicator xi Emissions per passenger km.• Indicator xii: Integration.• Indicator xiii: Integrated Ticketing.• Indicator xv: Physical Integration.

• Governance

• Indicator i: Devolution of functions to lowest levels of governance as per theprovisions of the 74th Constitution Amendmentprovisions of the 74th Constitution Amendment.

• Indicator ii: Public representation in urban management‐Formation of wardcommittees/Formation of Area Sabhas.

• Indicator iii: Private/ community investment in urban infrastructure.

• Indicator iv: Percentage of investment in public infrastructure by private sector.

• Indicator v: Percentage of investment in public infrastructure by communitiesdirectly.

• Socio‐Economic indicators

• Indicator i: HealthIndicator i: Health

• Life expectancy.

• Mortality.

• Morbidity.

• Infant mortality.

• Sex ratio.

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• Indicator ii: Education• Indicator ii: Education• Literacy.• School enrolment.• Dropout rate.• Indicator iii: Economic indicators• Employment/ unemployment• Employment/ unemployment.• Per capita income.• Number of business starts per year.

• Regional economics indicators for performance of the city as a whole.• Percentage of investments within the city to the total investments within the State.• Percentage of production output from city to the SGDP.• Percentage of employment generated by investments within the city.• Percentage share of economic sectors to state average.• Indicator iv: Housing• Quality of shelter (kutcha/ pucca).• Legal/ illegal/ unauthorized.• Own/ rented.

• indicator v: Urban services availability• Access to water (public/ community/ shared/ individual).• Per capita water supply.• Access to toilets (public/ community/ shared/ individual).• Coverage of sewerage system (area/ population/ properties connected).• Sewage disposal system (sewer line, septic tank, open drain, etc).

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consultation workshop on tainable habitat standardsmohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/nmsh...

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