consti_2_2nd wave case digest-1

7/25/2019 Consti_2_2nd Wave Case Digest-1

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CONSTI2_2ND WAVE CASE DIGESTS

1. SOLIVEN VS MACASIAR167 SCRA 393 Political Law Constitutional Law Prsi!nt"s I##unit$ %ro# Suit Must & In'o(! )$ t* Prsi!ntLuis &ltran is a#on+ t* ,titionrs in t*is cas. - to+t*r wit* ot*rs was c*ar+!wit* li)l )$ t* t*n ,rsi!nt Cor/aon A0uino. Cor$ *rsl il! a co#,laint2ai!a'ita+ainst *i# an! ot*rs. Ma(asiar a'rr! t*at Cor$ cannot il a co#,laint ai!a'it)caus t*is woul! !at *r i##unit$ ro# suit. - +roun!! *is contntion on t*,rinci,l t*at a ,rsi!nt cannot ) su!. -ow'r i a ,rsi!nt woul! su t*n t*,rsi!nt woul! allow *rsl to ) ,lac! un!r t* court"s uris!iction an! con'rsl$ s*woul! ) consntin+ to ) su! )ac(. Also consi!rin+ t* unctions o a ,rsi!nt t*,rsi!nt #a$ not ) a)l to a,,ar in court to ) a witnss or *rsl t*us s* #a$ )lia)l or cont#,t.ISS4E5 *t*r or not suc* i##unit$ can ) in'o(! )$ &ltran a ,rson ot*r t*an t*,rsi!nt.-EL5 No. 8* rational or t* +rant to t* Prsi!nt o t* ,ri'il+ o i##unit$ ro# suitis to assur t* rcis o Prsi!ntial !utis an! unctions r ro# an$ *in!ranc or!istraction consi!rin+ t*at )in+ t* C*i Ecuti' o t* :o'rn#nt is a o) t*atasi! ro# r0uirin+ all o t* oic2*ol!r"s ti# also !#an!s un!i'i!! attntion.&ut t*is ,ri'il+ o i##unit$ ro# suit ,rtains to t* Prsi!nt )$ 'irtu o t* oic an!

#a$ ) in'o(! onl$ )$ t* *ol!r o t* oic; not )$ an$ ot*r ,rson in t* Prsi!nt"s)*al. 8*us an accus! li( &ltran t al in a cri#inal cas in w*ic* t* Prsi!nt is t*co#,lainant cannot rais t* ,rsi!ntial ,ri'il+ as a !ns to ,r'nt t* cas ro#,roc!in+ a+ainst suc* accus!.Moro'r t*r is not*in+ in our laws t*at woul! ,r'nt t* Prsi!nt ro# wai'in+ t*,ri'il+. 8*us i so #in!! t* Prsi!nt #a$ s*! t* ,rotction aor!! )$ t*,ri'il+ an! su)#it to t* court"s uris!iction. 8* c*oic o w*t*r to rcis t*,ri'il+ or to wai' it is soll$ t* Prsi!nt"s ,rro+ati'. It is a !cision t*at cannot )assu#! an! i#,os! )$ an$ ot*r ,rson.un 19 199? ,olic oicrs arrst! ,titionr wit*out warrant or ill+al,ossssion o a .3@ cali)r r'ol'r wit* si 6B roun!s o a##unition w*il waitin+ outsi!

t* Manila Pa'ilion -otl alon+ 4.N. A'. Manila.On >un


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On Octo)r 3? 19@9 %iscal Alan il! wit* t* R+ional 8rial Court o Mas)at our FBs,arat inor#ations o #ur!r a+ainst t* twl' 1u!+ N#sio S. %li.Ptitionrs Vicnt Li# Sr. an! Susana Li# il! wit* t* rs,on!nt court s'ral#otions an! #anistations a#on+ ot*rs was an or!r ) issu! r0uirin+ t* trans#ittal

o t* initial rcor!s o t* ,rli#inar$ in0uir$ or in'sti+ation con!uct! )$ t* Munici,al>u!+ &arsa+a o Mas)at or t* )st nli+*tn#nt o t*is -onora)l Court in its,rsonal !tr#ination o t* istnc o a ,ro)a)l caus or ,ri#a aci 'i!nc aswll as its !tr#ination o t* istnc o +uilt ,ursuant to t* #an!ator$ #an!at ot* constitution t*at no warrant s*all issu unlss t* issuin+ #a+istrat s*all *a' *i#sl)n ,rsonall$ con'inc! o suc* ,ro)a)l caus.Rs,on!nt court issu! an or!r !n$in+ or lac( o #rit t* #otions an! #anistationsan! issu! warrants o arrst a+ainst t* accus! inclu!in+ t* ,titionrs *rin.ISS4E 5 *t*r or not a u!+ #a$ issu a warrant o arrst wit*out )ail )$ si#,l$ rl$in+on t* ,roscutionGs crtiication an! rco##n!ation t*at a ,ro)a)l caus ists.-EL5 I a >u!+ rlis soll$ on t* crtiication o t* Proscutor as in t*is cas w*rall t* rcor!s o t* in'sti+ation ar in Mas)at * or s* *as not ,rsonall$ !tr#in!,ro)a)l caus. 8* !tr#ination is #a! )$ t* Pro'incial Proscutor. 8*constitutional r0uir#nt *as not )n satisi!. 8* >u!+ co##its a +ra' a)us o!iscrtion.&ac* Co. Inc. t al 's &IR Co##issionr Vi'ncio Rui/ t alSarc* an! Si/ur Prsonal Ea#ination o t* >u!+On


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%acts5

Rnato Ra#os was c*ar+! wit* ou)l -o#ici! wit* Multi,l Srious P*$siInuris 8*rou+* Rc(lss I#,ru!nc in t* Court o %irst Instanc o u/on

Atr trial t* court rn!r! u!+#nt a+ainst t* accus!.8* Court oun! *i# +uilt$ an! o n+li+nc was sntc! to ,a$ a in an! in!#nitisto t* 'icti#s. Mai#iliano Al'ar/ t* #,lo$r o *rin accus! Rnato Ra#osB wasoun! to ) su)si!iaril$ lia)l an! to ,a$ t* a#ount a)o'2#ntion! to t* ,rsonsconcrn! ointl$ an! s'rall$ wit* Rnato Ra#os. 8* accus! a,,al! to t* Court oA,,als. 8* Court o A,,als air#! t* trial courtGs !cision )ut !lt! t*at ,art

t*ro #a(in+ *rin ,titionr as #,lo$r o Rnato Ra#os su)si!iaril$ lia)l or,a$#nt o t* a!u!+! in!#nitis to t* on!! ,artis. Atr inalit$ o t* Court oA,,als" u!+#nt t* ,ri'at ,roscutor il! a Motion or Issuanc o Su)si!iar$ rit oEcution atr t* writ o cution a+ainst t* accus! was rturn! unsatisi!.Ptitionr o,,os! t* Motion.

Cons0untl$ on u!+ an! t* Su)si!iar$ rit oEcution null an! 'oi!. Rs,on!nts il! a Motion or Rconsi!ration. 8* Motion was+rant!.

Issu5

*t*r or not an #,lo$r can ) su)si!iaril$ lia)l or t* wron+ul acts o *is#,lo$;

*t*r or not t* Court o A,,als co##itt! a +ra' a)us o !iscrtion in t* issuanco Su)si!iar$ rit o Ecution.

-l!5

Ptition !ni! an! t* Rsolutions air#!. Rs,on!nt Court *as not co##itt! an$+ra' a)us o !iscrtion in t* issuanc o t* 0ustion! or!rs or suc* issuanc *as

)n #a! in ,ursuanc o law an! uris,ru!nc.

Microsot Cor,oration 's Maicor, Inc.

F3@ SCRA o*n &n!ict Sacri/B t*nco#,utr unit ro# Maicor,. 8* unit was ,r2install! wit* a ,irat! co,$ o %or t*ir ,urc*as t*$ wr issu! a rci,t *ow'r t* rci,t was in t* crtain J>ol ia/. Su)s0untl$ Sa#iano a,,li! or a sarc* warrant )or- )rou+*t wit* *i# Sacri/ as witnss. - also )rou+*t t* co#,utr unit t*$ 'i!nc as wll as t* rci,t. - 'n a!!! an a!!itional witnss %li)rco#,utr tc*nician w*o s*ow! t* u!+ t*at t* sotwar in t* co#,utr u)$ Sa#iano ro# Maicor, was ,irat!. 8* R8C u!+ con'inc! t*at t*r ,ro)a)l caus or a cas o co,$ri+*t inrin+#nt an! unair co#,tition co#Maicor, issu! t* corrs,on!in+ warrant. Maicor, assail! t* l+alit$ o t)or t* Court o A,,als. 8* Court o A,,als rul! in a'or o Maicor, an!cision it *i+*li+*t! t* act t*at t* rci,t issu! was not in Sa#iano"s or S

*nc t* ,roc!in+ in t* trial court was inir# ro# t* onst.ISS4E5 *t*r or not t* Court o A,,als is corrct.-EL5 No. 8* tsti#onis o t* two witnsss cou,l! wit* t* o)ct an! !'i!nc t*$ ,rsnt! ar suicint to sta)lis* t* istnc o ,ro)a)l caw*at t*$ *a' witnss! t*r is rason to )li' t*at Maicor, n+a+! in inrin+#nt an! unair co#,tition to t* ,ru!ic o Microsot. &ot* N&I A+an! Sacri/ wr clar an! insistnt t*at t* countrit sotwar wr not onl$ !an! sol! wit*in Maicor,"s ,r#iss t*$ wr also ,ro!uc! ,ac(a+! an! icass install! t*r.8* act t*at t* rci,t issu! was not in Sa#iano"s na# nor was it in Sacri/not rn!r t* issuanc o t* warrant 'oi!. No law or rul stats t*at ,ro)a)l r0uirs a s,ciic (in! o 'i!nc. No or#ula or i! rul or its !tr#inatioists. Pro)a)l caus is !tr#in! in t* li+*t o con!itions o)tainin+ in a +i'situation.8*us it was i#,ro,r or t* Court o A,,als to r'rs t* R8C"s in

si#,l$ )caus t* sals rci,t 'i!ncin+ N&I A+nt Sa#iano"s ,urc*as o+oo!s is not in *is na#.


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PEOPLE VS 8EE

%AC8S5 A,,llant is a C*ins national in *is ortis a )usinss#an an! a rsi!nt o&a+uio Cit$. A rai! con!uct! )$ o,rati's o t* National &urau o In'sti+ation N&IBan! P*ili,,in National Polic Narcotics Co##an! PNP NARCOMB at ,r#iss all+!l$las! )$ a,,llant an! at *is rsi!nc $il!! *u+ 0uantitis o #ariuana.

A,,llant #o'! to 0uas* t* sarc* warrant on t* +roun! t*at it was too +nral an!t*at t* N&I *a! not co#,li! wit* t* r0uir#nts or t* issuanc o a 'ali! sarc*warrant. 8* ,n!nc$ o sai! #otion *ow'r !i! not sto, t* ilin+ o t* a,,ro,riatc*ar+s a+ainst a,,llant. In an inor#ation !at! >ul$


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ti# a ##)r o t* -ous o R,rsntati's. - was also t* #ana+r o t* clu).8* ,olic o Manila *a! rlia)l inor#ation t*at t* so2call! Parlia#ntar$ Clu) wasnot*in+ #or t*an a +a#)lin+ *ous. In!! on Ma$ 19 19. %. 8ownsn! t* c*io t* +a#)lin+ s0ua! *a! )n to t* clu) an! 'rii! t*is act. As a rsult on Ma$ o*n o an! t*at t* ,olic *a! no ri+*t to sarc* t**ous. 8ownsn! answr! t*at Vloso was consi!r! as >o*n o. As VlosoGs ,oc(twas )ul+in+ as i it contain! +a#)lin+ utnsils 8ownsn! r0uir! Vloso to s*ow *i#t* 'i!nc o t* +a#. A)out i' #inuts was consu#! in con'rsation )twn t*,olic#n an! t* accus! t* ,olic#n insistin+ on sarc*in+ Vloso an! Vlosoinsistin+ in *is rusal to su)#it to t* sarc*. Polic#an Rosac(r too( *ol! o Vlosoonl$ to #t wit* *is rsistanc. Vloso )it Rosac(r in t* ri+*t orar# an! +a' *i# a)low in anot*r ,art o t* )o!$ w*ic* inur! t* ,olic#an 0uit s'rl$. 8*rou+* t*co#)in! orts o 8ownsn! an! Rosac(r Vloso was inall$ lai! !own on t* loor an!lon+ s*ts o ,a,r o r+las ! #ont car!s car!)oar!s an! c*i,s wr ta(n ro#*is ,oc(ts.

ISS4E5 *t*r t* rsistanc o t* ,olic was ustiia)l on account o t* ill+alit$ ot* >o*n o sarc* warrant.

-EL5 No. >o*n oG arrants. It ollows on ,rinci,l ro# w*at *as alra!$ )n sai!r+ar!in+ t* ssntial r0uir#nts o warrants or t* a,,r*nsion o ,rsons accus!an! a)out )lan( warrants t*at a warrant or t* a,,r*nsion o a ,rson w*os truna# is un(nown )$ t* na# o >o*n o or Ric*ar! Ro w*os ot*r or tru na#in un(nown is 'oi! wit*out ot*r an! urt*r !scri,tions o t* ,rson to )a,,r*n!! an! suc* warrant will not usti$ t* oicr in actin+ un!r it. Suc* a warrant#ust in a!!ition contain t* )st !scri,tio ,rsona ,ossi)l to ) o)tain! o t*,rson or ,rsons to ) a,,r*n!! an! t*is !scri,tion #ust ) suicint to in!icat

clarl$ t* ,ro,r ,rson or ,rsons u,on w*o# t* warrant is to ) sr'!; an! s*oul!stat *is ,rsonal a,,aranc an! ,culiaritis +i' *is occu,ation an! ,lac orsi!nc an! an$ ot*r circu#stancs )$ #ans o w*ic* * can ) i!nti i!.

Prson a,,r*n!! in act o co##ittin+ a cri# un!r a >o*n o warrantot*r *an! t* a,,r*nsion will not ) ill+al or t* oicr lia)l )caus uncircu#stancs it is not ncssar$ t*at a warrant s*oul! *a' )n issu!.Qous Al :*oul 's CA

%AC8S5 -rin ,titionrs ar !tntion ,risonrs w*o wr arrst! an! c*arill+al ,ossssion o irar#s a##unitions an! ,losi's )or t* R+ionao aloo(an Cit$ &ranc* 1


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4Q 's &IR

%AC8S5 Ptitionrs assail t* 'ali!it$ o t* warrants issu! or t* sarc* o t* ,r#isso t* 4niis* Pac(in+ Cor,oration an! ,ra$ or t* rturn o t* it#s si/! )$ 'irtut*ro.On 3? S,t#)r 1993 a crtain Ro!ri+o A)os r,ort! to t* &urau o IntrnalR'nu &IRB t*at ,titionrs 4niis* Pac(in+ Cor,oration an! 4$ C*in -o alias %ran( 4$wr n+a+! in acti'itis constitutin+ 'iolations o t* National Intrnal R'nu Co!.A)os w*o clai#! to ) a or#r #,lo$ o 4niis* cut! an Ai!a'it all+in+

ill+al acti'itis )in+ ,ractic! )$ t* sai! co#,an$ a#on+ ot*rs sllin+ t*ousan!s ocartons o cann! sar!ins wHo issuin+ rci,t.On 1 Octo)r 1993 Nstor N. La)aria Assistant C*i o t* S,cial In'sti+ation &ranc*o t* &IR a,,li! or s'ral sarc* warrants.8* a,,lication sou+*t ,r#ission tosarc* t* ,r#iss o 4niis*.On t* strn+t* o t*s warrants a+nts o t* &IR acco#,ani! )$ ##)rs o t*P*ili,,in National Polic on < Octo)r 1993 sarc*! t* ,r#iss o t* 4niis*Pac(in+ Cor,oration. 8*$ si/! a#on+ ot*r t*in+s t* rcor!s an! !ocu#nts o,titionr cor,oration. A rturn o sai! sarc* was !ul$ #a! )$ Nstor La)aria wit* t*R8C o C)u &ranc* ournals Colu#nar &oo(s Cas* R+istr&oo(s Sals &oo(s or Rcor!s; Pro'isional Oicial Rci,ts;


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1. .37 cali)r r'ol'r wit* 6 li' a##unition


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E0uall$ lac(in+ in #rit is a,,llant"s all+ation t*at t* ,nalt$ or si#,l ill+al,ossssion is unconstitutional. 8* ,nalt$ or si#,l ,ossssion o irar# it s*oul! )strss! ran+s ro# rclusion t#,oral #ai#u# to rclusion ,r,tua contrar$ toa,,llant"s rronous a'r#nt. 8* s'rit$ o a ,nalt$ !os not i,so acto #a( t*sa# crul an! cssi'.Moro'r 'r$ law *as in its a'or t* ,rsu#,tion o constitutionalit$. 8* )ur!n o,ro'in+ t* in'ali!it$ o t* statut in 0ustion lis wit* t* a,,llant w*ic* )ur!n wnot was not con'incin+l$ !isc*ar+!. 8o usti$ nulliication o t* law t*r #ust ) aclar an! un0ui'ocal )rac* o t* Constitution not a !ou)tul an! ar+u#ntati'

i#,lication as in t*is cas. In act t* constitutionalit$ o P.. 1@66 *as )n u,*l! twic)$ t*is Court. >ust rcntl$ t* Court !clar! t*at Jt* ,rtinnt laws on ill+al,ossssion o irar#s Dar not contrar$ to an$ ,ro'ision o t* ConstitutionU A,,llant"s+ri'ancs on t* wis!o# o t* ,rscri)! ,nalt$ s*oul! not ) a!!rss! to us. Courtsar not concrn! wit* t* wis!o# icac$ or #oralit$ o laws. 8*at 0ustion allsclusi'l$ wit*in t* ,ro'inc o Con+rss w*ic* nacts t*# an! t* C*i Ecuti'w*o a,,ro's or 'tos t*#. 8* onl$ unction o t* courts w ritrat is to intr,rtan! a,,l$ t* laws-ERE%ORE ,r#iss consi!r! t* !cision o t* CA sustainin+ ,titionr"scon'iction )$ t* lowr court o t* cri# o si#,l ill+al ,ossssion o irar#s a##unitions is A%%IRME ECEP8 t*at ,titionr"s in!tr#inat ,nalt$ is MOI%IEto J1? $rs 1 !a$ as #in. to 1@ $rs @ #ont*s 1 !a$ as #ai#u#.Po,l '. Si#on octrin5 Alt*ou+* P 1@66 is a s,cial law t* ,naltis t*rin wrta(n ro# t* RPC *nc t* ruls in sai! co! or +ra!uatin+ )$ !+rs o !tr#inin+

t* ,ro,r ,rio! s*oul! ) a,,li!.

ESPANO VS CA8*is is a ,tition or r'iw o t* !cision o t* Court o A,,als in CA2:.R. CR No.13976 !at! >anuar$ 16 199 1 w*ic* air#! in toto t* u!+#nt o t* R+ional 8rialCourt o Manila &ranc* 1 con'incin+ ,titionr Ro!olo Es,ano or 'iolation o Articl IISction @ o R,u)lic Act No. 6Ful$ 1F 1991 in t* Cit$ o Manila P*ili,,ins t* sai! accus! not)in+ aut*ori/! )$ law to ,ossss or us an$ ,ro*i)it! !ru+ !i! t*n an! t*r willull$unlawull$ an! (nowin+l$ *a' in *is ,ossssion an! un!r *is custo!$ an! control twl'1


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%irst it is a wll sttl! !octrin t*at in!in+s o trial courts on t* cr!i)ilit$ o witnsss!sr' a *i+* !+r o rs,ct. -a'in+ o)sr'! t* !,ort#nt o witnsss !urin+ t*trial t* trial u!+ is in a )ttr ,osition to !tr#in t* issu o cr!i)ilit$ an! t*us *isin!in+s will not ) !istur)! !urin+ a,,al in t* a)snc o an$ clar s*owin+ t*at **a! o'rloo(! #isun!rstoo! or #isa,,li! so# acts or circu#stancs o wi+*t an!su)stanc w*ic* coul! *a' altr! t* con'iction o t* a,,llants. 6In t*is cas t* in!in+s o t* trial court t*at t* ,roscution witnsss wr #orcr!i)l t*an t*os o t* !ns #ust stan!. Ptitionr ail! to s*ow t*at Pat.Pa+ila+an in tsti$in+ a+ainst *i# was #oti'at! )$ rasons ot*r t*an *is !ut$ to cur)

!ru+ a)us an! *a! an$ intnt to alsl$ i#,ut to *i# suc* a srious cri# as ,ossssiono ,ro*i)it! !ru+s. In t* a)snc o suc* ill #oti' t* ,rsu#,tion o r+ularit$ in t*,ror#anc o *is oicial !ut$ #ust ,r'ail.In Po,l '. Vlasco 7 t*is Court ritrat! t* !octrin o ,rsu#,tion o r+ularit$ in t*,ror#anc o oicial !ut$ w*ic* ,ro'i!s5. . . A,,llant ail! to sta)lis* t*at Pat. :o!o$ an! t* ot*r ##)rs o t* )u$2)ustta# ar ,olic#n n+a+! in #ulctin+ or ot*r unscru,ulous acti'itis w*o wr#oti'at! it*r )$ t* !sir to tort #on$ or act ,rsonal 'n+anc or )$ s*rw*i# an! ca,ric w*n t*$ ntra,,! *r. An! in t* a)snc o ,roo o an$ intnt ont* ,art o t* ,olic aut*oritis to alsl$ i#,ut suc* a srious cri# a+ainst a,,l lantas in t*is cas t* ,rsu#,tion o r+ularit$ in t* ,ror#anc o oicial !ut$ . . . #ust,r'ail o'r t* sl2sr'in+ an! uncorro)orat! clai# o a,,llant t*at s* *a! )nra#!. @%urt*r#or t* !ns st u, )$ ,titionr !os not !sr' an$ consi!ration. -

si#,l$ contn!! t*at * was in *is *ous sl,in+ at t* ti# o t* inci!nt. 8*is Court*as consistntl$ *l! t*at ali)i is t* wa(st o all !nss; an! or it to ,ros,r t*accus! *as t* )ur!n o ,ro'in+ t*at * was not at t* scn o t* cri# at t* ti# oits co##ission an! t*at it was ,*$sicall$ i#,ossi)l or *i# to ) t*r. Moro'r t*clai# o a Gra#2u,G li( ali)i is a !ns t*at *as )n in'aria)l$ 'iw! )$ t* Courtwit* !isa'or or it can ust as asil$ ) concoct! )ut !iicult to ,ro' an! is a co##onan! stan!ar! lin o !ns in #ost ,roscutions arisin+ ro# 'iolations o t* an+rousru+s Act. 9 No clar an! con'incin+ 'i!nc was ,rsnt! )$ ,titionr to ,ro' *is!ns o ali)i.Scon! ,titionr contn!s t*at t* ,roscutionGs ailur to ,rsnt t* all+! inor#antin court cast a rasona)l !ou)t w*ic* warrants *is ac0uittal. 8*is is a+ain wit*out #ritsinc ailur o t* ,roscution to ,ro!uc t* inor#ant in court is o no #o#nts,ciall$ w*n * is not 'n t* )st witnss to sta)lis* t* act t*at a )u$2)ust

o,ration *a! in!! )n con!uct!. In t*is cas Pat. Pa+ila+an on o t* ,olic#nw*o a,,r*n!! ,titionr tstii! on t* actual inci!nt o >ul$ 1F 1991 an! i!ntii!*i# as t* on t*$ cau+*t in ,ossssion o ,ro*i)it! !ru+s. 8*us in! t*at t* ,roscution *a! satisactoril$ ,ro'! its cas a+ainst a,,llants. 8*r isno co#,llin+ rason or us to o'rturn t* in!in+ o t* trial court t*at t* tsti#on$ oS+t. :a#)oa t* lon witnss or t* ,roscution was strai+*torwar! s,ontanous an!

con'incin+. 8* tsti#on$ o a sol witnss i cr!i)l an! ,ositi' an! satisi)$on! rasona)l !ou)t is suicint to con'ict. 1?8*us on t* )asis o Pat. Pa+ila+anGs tsti#on$ t* ,roscution was a)l to ,r,titionr in!! co##itt! t* cri# c*ar+!; cons0untl$ t* in!in+ o con,ro,r.Lastl$ t* issu on t* a!#issi)ilit$ o t* #ariuana si/! s*oul! li(wis )Rul 113 Sction aB o t* Ruls o Court ,ro'i!s5A ,ac oicr or a ,ri'at ,rson #a$ wit*out a warrant arrst a ,rson5

a. w*n in *is ,rsnc t* ,rson to ) arrst! *as co##itt! is actuall$ cor is att#,tin+ to co##it an ons; PtitionrGs arrst alls s0uarl$ un!r t* aorcit! rul. - was cau+*t in la+rsult o a )u$2)ust o,ration con!uct! )$ ,olic oicrs on t* )asis o inor#rci'! r+ar!in+ t* ill+al tra! o !ru+s wit*in t* ara o =a#ora an! PanStrts Manila. 8* ,olic oicr saw ,titionr *an!in+ o'r so#t*in+ to an )u$r. Atr t* )u$r lt t*$ sarc*! *i# an! !isco'r! two cllo,*ans o#ariuana. -is arrst was t*ror lawul an! t* two cllo,*an )a+s o #asi/! wr a!#issi)l in 'i!nc )in+ t* ruits o t* cri#.As or t* tn cllo,*an )a+s o #ariuana oun! at ,titionrGs rsi!nc *owsa# ar ina!#issi)l in 'i!nc.8* 19@7 Constitution +uarants r!o# a+ainst unrasona)l sarc*s an!un!r Articl III Sction < w*ic* ,ro'i!s58* ri+*t o t* ,o,l to ) scur in t*ir ,rsons *ouss ,a,rs an! ctunrasona)l sarc*s an! si/urs o w*at'r natur an! or an$ ,ur,os sin'iola)l an! no sarc* warrant or warrant o arrst s*all issu c,t u,on ,caus to ) !tr#in! ,rsonall$ )$ t* u!+ atr a#ination un!r oat* oo t* co#,lainant an! t* witnsss * #a$ ,ro!uc an! ,articularl$ !scri),lac to ) sarc*! an! t* ,rsons or t*in+s to ) si/!.An c,tion to t* sai! rul is a warrantlss sarc* inci!ntal to a lawul arrs!an+rous wa,ons or an$t*in+ w*ic* #a$ ) us! as ,roo o t* co##issionons. 11 It #a$ tn! )$on! t* ,rson o t* on arrst! to inclu! t* surroun!in+s un!r *is i##!iat control. In t*is cas t* tn cllo,*an )a+s#ariuana si/! at ,titionrGs *ous atr *is arrst at Pan!acan an! =a#oranot all un!r t* sai! c,tions.In t* cas o Po,l '. Lua 1< t*is Court *l!5

As r+ar!s t* )ric( o #ariuana oun! insi! t* a,,llantGs *ous t* trial ccorrctl$ i+nor! it a,,arntl$ in 'iw o its ina!#issi)ilit$. *il initiall$ t* arras t* )o!$ sarc* was lawul t* warrantlss sarc* #a! insi! t* a,,lla)ca# unlawul sinc t* ,olic o,rati's wr not ar#! wit* a sarc* warsarc* cannot all un!r sarc* #a! inci!ntal to a lawul arrst t* sa# )to )o!$ sarc* an! to t*at ,oint wit*in rac* or control o t* ,rson arrst!


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w*ic* #a$ urnis* *i# wit* t* #ans o co##ittin+ 'iolnc or o sca,in+. In t* cas at)ar a,,llant was a!#itt!l$ outsi! *is *ous w*n * was arrst!. -nc it can*ar!l$ ) sai! t*at t* innr ,ortion o *is *ous was wit*in *is rac* or control.8* articls si/! ro# ,titionr !urin+ *is arrst wr 'ali! un!r t* !octrin o sarc*#a! inci!ntal to a lawul arrst. 8* warrantlss sarc* #a! in *is *ous *ow'rw*ic* $il!! tn cllo,*an )a+s o #ariuana )ca# unlawul sinc t* ,olic oicrswr not ar#! wit* a sarc* warrant at t* ti#. Moro'r it was )$on! t* rac* an!control o ,titionr.In su# t*is Court in!s ,titionr Ro!olo Es,ano +uilt$ )$on! rasona)l !ou)t o

'iolatin+ Articl II Sction @ in rlation to Sction < 2LB IB o R,u)lic Act No. 6F


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ill+al,ossssion o ,ro*i)it! !ru+ 'iolatin+ RA 6F


12/32

norcrs n+lct to ,ror# w*at coul! *a' )n !on to u,*ol! t* Constitution as t*$,ursu t*os w*o traic t*is scour+ o socit$.S0uarl$ rais! in t*is a,,al1is t* a!#issi)ilit$ o t* 'i!nc si/! as a rsult o awarrantlss arrst. 8* ,olic oicrs i!ntii! t* all+! ,r,trator t*rou+* acts t*atwr not )as! on t*ir ,rsonal (nowl!+. 8* inor#ation as to t* accus!"sw*ra)outs was snt t*rou+* a tt #ssa+. 8* accus!w*o n'r act! sus,iciouswas i!ntii! )$ a !ri'r. 8* )a+ t*at all+!l$ contain! t* contra)an! was r0uir! to) o,n! un!r inti#i!atin+ circu#stancs an! wit*out t* accus! *a'in+ )n ull$a,,ris! o *is ri+*ts. 8*is was not a rasona)l sarc* wit*in t* #anin+ o t*

Constitution. 8*r was no rasona)l sus,icion t*at woul! allow a l+iti#at sto, an!ris( action. 8* all+! wai'r o ri+*ts )$ t* accus! was not !on intlli+ntl$(nowin+l$ an! wit*out i#,ro,r ,rssur or corcion.8* 'i!nc t*ror us! a+ainst t* accus! s*oul! ) clu!! consistnt wit*Articl III Sction 3


13/32

-ERE%ORE t* Court in!s accus! Victor Co+a! $ Ro#ana :4IL8Q )$on!rasona)l !ou)t or Violation o Sction 11 Articl II o R,u)lic Act No. 916 ot*rwis(nown as t* Co#,r*nsi' an+rous ru+s Act o


14/32

or to #aintain t* status 0uo#o#ntaril$ w*il t* ,olic oicr s(s to o)tain #orinor#ation.66 8*is court stat! t*at t* sto, an! ris( sarc* s*oul! ) us! Dw*n!alin+ wit* a ra,i!l$ unol!in+ an! ,otntiall$ cri#inal situation in t* cit$ strts w*runar+ua)l$ t*r is no ti# to scur . . . a sarc* warrant.678* sarc* in'ol'! in t*is cas was initiall$ a sto, an! ris( sarc* )ut it !i! not co#,l$wit* all t* r0uir#nts o rasona)ilit$ r0uir! )$ t* Constitution.Sto, an! ris( sarc*s so#ti#s rrr! to as 8rr$sarc*s6@B ar ncssar$ orlaw norc#nt. 8*at is law norcrs s*oul! ) +i'n t* l+al arsnal to ,r'nt t*co##ission o onss. -ow'r t*is s*oul! ) )alanc! wit* t* n! to ,rotct t*

,ri'ac$ o citi/ns in accor!anc wit* Articl III Sction < o t* Constitution.8* )alanc lis in t* conc,t osus,iciousnss ,rsnt in t* situation w*r t*,olic oicr in!s *i#sl or *rsl in. 8*is #a$ ) un!ou)t!l$ )as! on t* ,rincot* ,olic oicr. E,rinc! ,olic oicrs *a' ,rsonal ,rinc !alin+ wit*cri#inals an! cri#inal )*a'ior. -nc t*$ s*oul! *a' t* a)ilit$ to !iscrn )as! onacts t*at t*$ t*#sl's o)sr' w*t*r an in!i'i!ual is actin+ in a sus,icious#annr. Clarl$ a )asic critrion woul! ) t*at t* ,olic oicr wit* *is or *r ,rsonal(nowl!+ #ust o)sr' t* acts la!in+ to t* sus,icion o an illicit act.In Manalili '. Court o A,,als69 t* ,olic oicrs wr initiall$ inor#! a)out a ,lacr0unt! )$ ,o,l a)usin+ !ru+s.7? *n t*$ arri'! on o t* ,olic oicrs saw a#an wit* r!!is* $s an! Dw*o was wal(in+ in a swa$in+ #annr.71 8* sus,icionincras! w*n t* #an a'oi!! t* ,olic oicrs.7< 8*s o)sr'ations l! t* ,olicoicrs to conclu! t*at t* #an was *i+* on !ru+s.73 8*s wr suicint actso)sr'! )$ t* ,olic oicrs to sto,Dt* ,titionr Dan! in'sti+at.7F

In Po,l '. Sola$ao7 ,olic oicrs notic! a #an w*o a,,ar! !run(.76 8*is #anwas also warin+ a ca#oula+ unior# or a un+l suit.77 4,on sin+ t* ,olic t*#an l!.7@ -is li+*t a!!! to t* sus,icion.79Atr sto,,in+ *i# t* ,olic oicrs oun!an unlicns! *o##a! irar#@? in *is ,ossssion.@1 8*is court rul! t*at Dun!rt* circu#stancs t* +o'rn#nt a+nts coul! not ,ossi)l$ *a' ,rocur! a sarc*warrant irst.@< 8*is was also a 'ali! sarc*.In t*s cass t* ,olic oicrs usin+ t*ir snss o)sr'! acts t*at l! to t*sus,icion. Sin+ a #an wit* r!!is* $s an! wal(in+ in a swa$in+ #annr )as! ont*ir ,rinc is in!icati' o a ,rson w*o uss !an+rous an! illicit !ru+s. A !run(ci'ilian in +urrilla war is ,ro)a)l$ *i!in+ so#t*in+ as wll.8* cas o Co+a! was !irnt. - was si#,l$ a ,assn+r carr$in+ a )a+ an!tra'lin+ a)oar!a ,n$. 8*r was not*in+ sus,icious #oro'r cri#inal a)out ri!in+a ,n$ or carr$in+ a )a+. 8* assss#nt o sus,icion was not #a! )$ t* ,olicoicr )ut )$ t* ,n$ !ri'r. It was t* !ri'r w*o si+nall! to t* ,olic t*at Co+a!was sus,icious.8*is is su,,ort! )$ t* tsti#on$ o SPO1 8aracatac *i#sl5CO4R85 So $ou !on"t (now w*at was t* contnt w*il it was still )in+ carri! )$ *i# in t*,assn+r ,T

I8NESS5A Not $t Qour -onor.@3SPO1 8aracatac li(wis stat!5CO4R85 I t* !ri'r !i! not #a( a +stur ,ointin+ to t* accus! !i! $ou *a' ra)li' t*at t* accus! wr carr$in+ #ariuanaTI8NESS5A No Qour -onor.@F

8* ,n$ !ri'r *a! to ,oint toCo+a!. - woul! not *a' )n i!ntii! )oicrs ot*rwis.It is t* ,olic oicr w*o s*oul! o)sr' acts t*at woul! la! to a rasona)lsus,icion o a ,rson. 8* ,olic oicr s*oul! not a!o,t t* sus,icion initiat!,rson. 8*is is ncssar$ to usti$ t*at t* ,rson sus,ct! ) sto,,! an! rsarc*!.@ An$t*in+ lss t*an t*is woul! ) an inrin+#ntu,on on"s )asic scurit$ o on"s ,rson an! cts.IVNor#all$ sto, an! ris( sarc*s !o not +i' t* law norcr an o,,ortunit$ wit* a u!+ to !tr#in ,ro)a)l caus. In Posa!as '. Court o A,,als@6 onarlist cass a!o,tin+ t* sto, an! ris( !octrin in P*ili,,in uris,ru!nca,,roi#at!t* sus,icious circu#stancs as ,ro)a)l caus58* ,ro)a)l causis t*at w*n t* ,titionr act! sus,iciousl$ an! att#,twit* t* )uri )a+ t*r was a ,ro)a)l caus t*at * was concalin+ so#t*in

t* )a+ an! it was t* ri+*t an! !ut$ o t* ,olic oicrs to ins,ct t*sa#.@7 E#,*asis su,,li!B%or warrantlss sarc*s ,ro)a)l caus was !in! as a rasona)l +rounsus,icionsu,,ort! )$ circu#stancs suicintl$ stron+ in t*#sl's to warracautious #an to )li' t*at t* ,rson accus! is +uilt$ o t* ons wit* w*c*ar+!.@@Malacat '. Court o A,,als@9 clariis t* r0uir#nt urt*r. It !os not *a',ro)a)l caus)ut it cannot ) #r sus,icion.9? It *as to ) a +nuin rassr' t* ,ur,oss o t* sto, an! ris( c,tion59

consti_2_2nd wave case digest-1

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