conservation(of(momentum( - ap physics at centennial...

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Practice 5B name _____________________________________________ Answers: posted in classroom, on the website, and linked from this QR code. Conservation of Momentum 1. A 1.2kilogram block and a 1.8kilogram block are initially at rest on a frictionless, horizontal surface. When a compressed spring between the blocks is released, the 1.8kilogram block moves to the right at 2.0 meters per second, as shown. What is the speed of the 1.2kilogram block after the spring is released? A. 3.6 m/s B. 3.0 m/s C. 2.0 m/s D. 1.4 m/s 2. Ball A of mass 5.0 kilograms moving at 20 meters per second collides with ball B of unknown mass moving at 10 meters per second in the same direction. After the collision, ball A moves at 10 meters per second and ball B at 15 meters per second, both still in the same direction. What is the mass of ball B? A. 6.0 kg B. 2.0 kg C. 10 kg D. 12 kg 3. In the diagram below, scaled vectors represent the momentum of each of two masses, A and B, sliding toward each other on a frictionless, horizontal surface. Which scaled vector best represents the momentum of the system after the masses collide? A. B. C. D. 4. At the circus, a 100kilogram clown is fired 15 meters per second from a 500kilogram cannon. What is the recoil speed of the cannon? A. 75 m/s B. 15 m/s C. 5.0 m/s D. 3.0 m/s 5. Which two quantities can be expressed using the same units? A. energy and force B. impulse and force C. momentum and energy D. impulse and momentum 6. A 3.0kilogram steel block is at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. A 1.0kilogram lump of clay is propelled horizontally at 6.0 meters per second toward the block as shown in the diagram below. Upon collision, the clay and steel block stick together and move to the right with a speed of A. 1.5 m/s B. 2.0 m/s C. 3.0 m/s D. 6.0 m/s

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Page 1: Conservation(of(Momentum( - AP Physics at Centennial H.S.centennialapphysics.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/8/1/21812974/5b_practice.pdf · Practice5B( name(_____( Answers:postedinclassroom,(on(the(website,(andlinkedfrom(this(QR(code.((Conservation(of(Momentum(1.(((A1.2

Practice  5B   name  _____________________________________________  Answers:  posted  in  classroom,  on  the  website,  and  linked  from  this  QR  code.    

Conservation  of  Momentum  1.       A  1.2-­‐kilogram  block  and  a  1.8-­‐kilogram  block  are  

initially  at  rest  on  a  frictionless,  horizontal  surface.  When  a  compressed  spring  between  the  blocks  is  released,  the  1.8-­‐kilogram  block  moves  to  the  right  at  2.0  meters  per  second,  as  shown.    

 What  is  the  speed  of  the  1.2-­‐kilogram  block  after  the  spring  is  released?  

A.   3.6  m/s      B.   3.0  m/s      C.   2.0  m/s    D.   1.4  m/s    

 2.   Ball  A  of  mass  5.0  kilograms  moving  at  20  meters  

per  second  collides  with  ball  B  of  unknown  mass  moving  at  10  meters  per  second  in  the  same  direction.  After  the  collision,  ball  A  moves  at  10  meters  per  second  and  ball  B  at  15  meters  per  second,  both  still  in  the  same  direction.  What  is  the  mass  of  ball  B?    

A.   6.0  kg    B.   2.0  kg    C.   10  kg    D.   12  kg    

 3.   In  the  diagram  below,  scaled  vectors  represent  the  

momentum  of  each  of  two  masses,  A  and  B,  sliding  toward  each  other  on  a  frictionless,  horizontal  surface.    

 Which  scaled  vector  best  represents  the  momentum  of  the  system  after  the  masses  collide?  

A.      B.    C.    D.    

         

   4.   At  the  circus,  a  100-­‐kilogram  clown  is  fired  15  

meters  per  second  from  a  500-­‐kilogram  cannon.  What  is  the  recoil  speed  of  the  cannon?    

A.   75  m/s    B.   15  m/s    C.   5.0  m/s    D.   3.0  m/s    

 5.   Which  two  quantities  can  be  expressed  using  

the  same  units?    A.   energy  and  force    B.   impulse  and  force    C.   momentum  and  energy    D.   impulse  and  momentum    

 6.   A  3.0-­‐kilogram  steel  block  is  at  rest  on  a  

frictionless  horizontal  surface.  A  1.0-­‐kilogram  lump  of  clay  is  propelled  horizontally  at  6.0  meters  per  second  toward  the  block  as  shown  in  the  diagram  below.    

    Upon  collision,  the  clay  and  steel  block  stick  

together  and  move  to  the  right  with  a  speed  of    A.   1.5  m/s    B.   2.0  m/s    C.   3.0  m/s    D.   6.0  m/s      

 

 

Page 2: Conservation(of(Momentum( - AP Physics at Centennial H.S.centennialapphysics.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/8/1/21812974/5b_practice.pdf · Practice5B( name(_____( Answers:postedinclassroom,(on(the(website,(andlinkedfrom(this(QR(code.((Conservation(of(Momentum(1.(((A1.2

     9.       A  1.0  kg  block  sits  near  the  top  of  a  hill.  A  20-­‐gram  bullet  is  fired  at  

200  m/s  at  the  block.  The  bullet  embeds  in  the  block  and  the  two  objects  slide  along  the  frictionless  surface.  Then  they  slide  down  the  ramp  with  height  1.8  m.  Find  their  speed  at  the  bottom.  

                     10.    A  block  is  pushed  at  4.0  m/s  from  its  initial  position  at  the  top  of  a  

hill  of  height  H  =  2.6  m.  It  slides  down  the  ramp  and  collides  with  a  second  block,  which  is  initially  at  rest.  The  two  blocks  stick  together.  Both  blocks  have  the  same  mass.  Find  the  speed  of  the  two-­‐block  combination.  

               

7.  

8.  

1.8  m  

H  

Page 3: Conservation(of(Momentum( - AP Physics at Centennial H.S.centennialapphysics.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/8/1/21812974/5b_practice.pdf · Practice5B( name(_____( Answers:postedinclassroom,(on(the(website,(andlinkedfrom(this(QR(code.((Conservation(of(Momentum(1.(((A1.2

TERMINOLOGY:     Inelastic  collision  =  nearly  all  collisions.  The  objects  bounce  and  energy  is  “lost”  in  the  collision.         Completely  inelastic  collision.  The  objects  stick  together  and  energy  is  “lost”  in  the  collision.       Elastic  collision.  The  objects  bounce  and  energy  is  conserved.    

11.    A  cart  of  mass  m,  traveling  on  a  frictionless  track  with  speed  v  collides  with  a  stationary  cart  of  mass  3m.  The  carts  undergo  and  completely  inelastic  collision.    (a)   What  is  the  speed  of  the  resulting  two-­‐car  system?  (b)   What  fraction  of  the  energy  was  “lost”  during  the  collision?  

                 12.    At  the  same  instant  that  a  1.0  kg  ball  is  dropped  from  25  m  above  the  Earth,  a  second  ball,  with  a  mass  of  3.0  kg,  is  

thrown  straight  upward  from  the  Earth's  surface  with  an  initial  velocity  of  15  m/s.    (a)   Find  the  position  above  the  Earth  at  which  they  collide.  (b)    Find  the  velocity  of  each  ball  just  before  the  collision.  (c)     The  balls  stick  to  each  other  as  a  result  of  the  collision.  What  is  the  resulting  velocity  of  the  4.0-­‐kg  mass?  

             

               13.    A  cart  with  mass  500  g  moving  on  a  frictionless  horizontal  air  track  at  an  initial  speed  of  1.5  m/s  undergoes  a  

completely  inelastic  collision  with  an  initially  stationary  cart  of  unknown  mass.  After  the  collision,  the  combined  carts  move  at  0.60  m/s.    (a)   Determine  the  mass  of  the  second  cart.  (b)   State  the  energy  lost  in  the  collision  as  a  fraction  of  the  initial  energy.  

                 14.    A  3.2  kg  box  of  chocolate  slides  on  a  horizontal  frictionless  table  and  collides  

with  a  2.0  kg  box  of  peanut  butter  initially  at  rest  on  the  edge  of  the  table.  The  speed  of  the  chocolate  is  3.0  m/s  just  before  the  collision.  If  the  two  boxes  stick  together  because  of  packing  tape  on  their  sides,  what  is  their  speed  just  as  they  strike  the  floor  0.80  m  below  the  table’s  surface?  

               

Page 4: Conservation(of(Momentum( - AP Physics at Centennial H.S.centennialapphysics.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/8/1/21812974/5b_practice.pdf · Practice5B( name(_____( Answers:postedinclassroom,(on(the(website,(andlinkedfrom(this(QR(code.((Conservation(of(Momentum(1.(((A1.2

15.   An  object  of  mass  m1  =  2.0  kg  moving  with  velocity  v1i  =  12  m/s,  collides  head-­‐on  with  a  stationary  object  whose  mass  is  m2  =  6.0  kg.  Given  that  the  collision  is  elastic,  what  are  the  final  velocities  of  the  two  objects?  

                           16.   A  particle  of  mass  4.0  kg,  initially  moving  with  a  velocity  of  2.0  m/s  collides  elastically  with  a  particle  of  mass  6.0  kg  

initially  moving  with  a  velocity  of  -­‐4.0  m/s.  What  are  the  velocities  of  the  two  particles  after  the  collision?                              17.   Block  A  with  a  mass  of  2  kg,  moving  to  the  right  on  a  frictionless  table  at  6.0  m/s,  has  a  head-­‐on  collision  with  Block  B  

which  is  at  rest  and  has  a  mass  of  4.5  kg.  (a)    The  graph  shows  the  force  exerted  by  block  A  on  block  B  during  the  collision.  What  was  the  impulse  applied  to  

block  B?    (b)    What  is  the  speed  and  direction  of  block  B  just  after  the  collision?  (c)    What  is  the  speed  and  direction  of  block  A  just  after  the  collision?  (d)    Calculate  the  change  in  the  energy  for  the  system?  Was  the  collision  

elastic?  (e)    After  the  collision  the  blocks  slide  off  the  table  and  land  on  the  floor.  What  

is  the  distance  between  the  landing  points  of  each  block?                

Page 5: Conservation(of(Momentum( - AP Physics at Centennial H.S.centennialapphysics.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/8/1/21812974/5b_practice.pdf · Practice5B( name(_____( Answers:postedinclassroom,(on(the(website,(andlinkedfrom(this(QR(code.((Conservation(of(Momentum(1.(((A1.2

For  this  problem,  the  solution  is  guided.  When  you  finish  feel  free  to  adjust  the  method  to  fit  your  needs.  A  video  of    this  problem  is  also  available.  

 Ex.   A  600  kg  car  is  moving  North  at  20  m/s  and  a  1000  kg  truck  is  moving  10  m/s  20°  S  of  E.  After  they  collide  the  car  

moves  at  5.0  m/s  10°  N  of  E.  What  is  the  resulting  velocity  of  the  truck?       𝑝!"!#!$% = 𝑝!"#$%                      𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣    

(a) Find  the  momentum  of  each  vehicle.  The  direction  matches  the  direction  of  the  velocity.    

Before  the  crash:                      𝒑𝑪𝑨𝑹  =   (𝟔𝟎𝟎  𝒌𝒈)(𝟐𝟎  𝒎/𝒔)  =  𝟏𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎  𝒌𝒈 ·𝒎/𝒔,𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉  𝒑𝑻𝑹𝑼𝑪𝑲  =   (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎  𝒌𝒈)(𝟏𝟎  𝒎/𝒔)  =  𝟏𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎  𝒌𝒈 ·𝒎/𝒔,𝟐𝟎°  𝑺  𝒐𝒇  𝑬  

 After  the  crash:                      𝒑𝑪𝑨𝑹  =   (𝟔𝟎𝟎  𝒌𝒈)(𝟓.𝟎  𝒎/𝒔)  =  𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎  𝒌𝒈 ·𝒎/𝒔,𝟏𝟎°  𝑵  𝒐𝒇  𝑬  

   

(b) You  may  want  to  create  a  vector  diagram  to  help  you  visualize  a  problem.  People  usually  picture  this  because  it  looks  like   This  is  a  better  way  to  picture  the    a  crash,  but  it  doesn’t  represent  the  adding  of   total  momentum  of  the  system.  

        momentum  values.                         (c)   Using  components  is  the  key.  Momentum  is  conserved  along  any  axis  you  choose.  

 Before:   𝒑𝑪𝑨𝑹  =                      𝟎  !          +        𝟏𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎  !                          𝒌𝒈 ·𝒎/𝒔  

𝒑𝑻𝑹𝑼𝑪𝑲  =  𝟗𝟑𝟗𝟕    !          −              𝟑𝟒𝟐𝟎  !                          𝒌𝒈 ·𝒎/𝒔                                            After:   𝒑𝑪𝑨𝑹  =      𝟐𝟗𝟓𝟒  !          +      𝟓𝟐𝟏  !                          𝒌𝒈 ·𝒎/𝒔  

𝒑𝑻𝑹𝑼𝑪𝑲  =              𝒑𝒙    !        +              𝒑𝒚  !                          𝒌𝒈 ·𝒎/𝒔    

In  the  x-­‐direction,  0  +  9397  =  2954  +  px.          So  px  =  6443  kg·m/s.  Divide  by  mass,  1000  kg:  vx  =  6.443  m/s.  In  the  y-­‐direction,  12,000  -­‐  3420  =  521  +  py.            py  =  8580  kg·m/s  and  vy  =  8.580  m/s.              Final  answer:  vTRUCK  =  10.7  m/s,  53°  N  of  E  

     18.   A  1500  kg  car  is  moving  North  at  16  m/s  and  a  4000  kg  truck  is  moving  at  10  m/s,  30°  North  of  East.  If  they  collide  and  

the  vehicles  interlock,  what  is  the  velocity  of  the  combined  system?                          

10,000  kgm/s  

12,000  kgm/s  

10,000  kgm/s  

12,000  kgm/s  

Page 6: Conservation(of(Momentum( - AP Physics at Centennial H.S.centennialapphysics.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/8/1/21812974/5b_practice.pdf · Practice5B( name(_____( Answers:postedinclassroom,(on(the(website,(andlinkedfrom(this(QR(code.((Conservation(of(Momentum(1.(((A1.2

19.   A  60  kg  man  is  ice-­‐skating  due  North  with  a  velocity  of  6.0  m/s  when  he  collides  with  a  38  kg  child,  who  is  also  skating.  The  man  and  child  stay  together  and  have  a  velocity  of  3.0  m/s  at  an  angle  of  35°  north  of  east  immediately  after  the  collision.  What  are  the  magnitude  and  direction  of  the  velocity  of  the  child  just  before  the  collision?  

                               20.   A  0.30-­‐kg  ball  moves  along  the  +x-­‐axis  at  an  unknown  speed,  and  strikes  a  0.50-­‐kg  ball  initially  at  rest.  The  0.30-­‐kg  ball  

is  observed  to  travel  at  6.0  m/s  along  a  path  70°  with  respect  to  its  original  path,  and  the  other  ball  moves  along  a  path  40°  on  the  other  side.  

  (a)  Determine  the  speed  of  the  0.50-­‐kg  ball  after  the  collision.     (b)  Determine  the  speed  of  the  0.30-­‐kg  ball  before  the  collision.                                21.      A  bullet  of  mass  45  g  is  fired  at  a  speed  of  220  m/s  into  a  5.0  kg  sandbag  hanging  from  a  string  from  the  ceiling.  The  

sandbag  absorbs  the  bullet  and  begins  to  swing.    To  what  maximum  vertical  height  will  it  rise?    

                           

70°  

40°  

before collision after collision