consequences of inattention incomplete assignments, messy works, careless errors tuning out...
TRANSCRIPT
Symptom domains Inattention
HyperactivityImpulsivity
Psychiatric Co-morbiditiesConduct disorder
Oppositional Defiant DisorderAnxiety and Mood
Disorders
Lead to
Functional Impairments
SELF – low self esteem accidents substance abuse delinquency
SCHOOL- academic difficulties underachievement HOME- Family stress Parenting difficulties
SOCIAL- Poor peer relation ships
Zuddas, ADHD in Europe, 2004
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CLINICAL PICTURE Course of the Disorder – Psychosocial Impairments
Age 6 10 14-16
ADHDonly
Disruptivebehavior
ODDLD
Low self esteem, poor social skills , challenging behavior
Substanceabuse
School Extension
Mood disorder
Conductdisorder
Complex LD
UNMANAGED ADHDleads to COMPLICATIONS
Adapted from American Psychiatric Association m DSM IV TR 2000
ADHD : Treatment Goals
Decrease disruptive/setting –inappropriate behaviors
Improve relationship with parents, siblings, teachers or peers
Improve academic performance Improve self esteem Improve organizational skills and overall
executive functioning
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2004
ADHD: Treatment Options
Educational Accomodations Classroom placement, special education, tutoring,
private schools Behavior Therapy
Parent training, social skills training, behavior modification, daily report card
Medications Stimulants, nonstimulants, tricyclic
antidepressants
FDA-Approved Pharmacotherapy
Methylphenidate Ritalin ®
Concerta ®
Ritalin LA ®
Methylin ®
Focalin ®
Metadate CD Amphetamine Mixed
Salts Adderall ®
Aderall XR ®
Stimulant Medications
Not available in drugstores
Prognosis of ADHD
Symptoms of ADHD persist throughout childhood
70% continue to have the disorder in adolescence, with 10-60% to adulthood
More likely to persist in those with aggression or conduct problems
Untreated adults have increased incidence of aggressive behavior, antisocial and conduct disorder, divorce, alcohol and drug abuse
Life Expectancy
Adults with ADHD may achieve lower socioeconomic status and have more marital problems than do the general population
They have the same life expectancy
Developmental Disabilities
Birth---Infancy-----Early Childhood----School Age ---Adolescence
Down Syndrome
Cerebral palsy
Autistic Spectrum Disorders
ADHD
Learning Disabilities