connectivity between eurasian snow extent and canadian snow mass and river discharge
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Connectivity between Eurasian snow extent and Canadian snow mass and river discharge. S. J. D éry, J. Sheffield, and E. F. Wood, Princeton. Decreasing river discharge in northern Canada, 1964-2003. Source: D é ry and Wood (2005), GRL. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Connectivity between Eurasian snow extent and Canadian snow mass and
river discharge
S. J. Déry, J. Sheffield, and E. F. Wood, Princeton
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Decreasing river discharge in northern Canada, 1964-2003
Source: Déry and Wood (2005), GRL.
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Teleconnection between the AO and Hudson Bay river discharge
Source: Déry and Wood (2004), GRL.
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Datasets• Satellite-based measurements of mean
monthly Eurasian snow extent from NOAA, 1973-2003.
• CMC mean monthly snow mass over North America, 1979-1997 (Brown et al. 2003).
• Canadian river discharge from HYDAT, 1973-2003 (Déry et al. 2005; Déry and Wood 2005).
• Global meteorological fields from ERA-40.
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Methods• Study period: 1973-2003.
• Normalized time series of monthly Eurasian snow extent, annual Canadian maximum snow mass, and monthly river discharge.
• Focus on Churchill River (Labrador) and Chesterfield Inlet (Nunavut) Basins.
• Correlations are then performed, with time lags imposed,and are considered statistically-significant when p < 0.05.
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Monthly Eurasian normalized snow extent anomalies
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Churchill River normalized annual snow & river discharge anomalies
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Chesterfield Inlet normalized annual snow & monthly discharge anomalies
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Correlation coefficient between
monthly normalized
Eurasian snow extent anomalies
and Canadian annual maximum
monthly snow mass anomalies
the following year, 1980-1997
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Correlation coefficient between monthly Eurasian snow extent anomalies &
Canadian snow mass & river discharge anomalies the next year
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Correlation coefficient between annual Eurasian snow extent anomalies &
discharge anomalies the following year in 64 rivers of northern Canada
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ERA-40 difference (1980-1989) in winter/spring a) SLP (hPa) and b) 500
hPa geopotential height (dam)
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Difference (1980-1989) in winter/spring
maximum snow mass (kg
m-2) from Brown et al.
(2003)
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Physical Mechanism for Pan-Arctic Climate Connectivity
• Soil moisture anomalies in Eurasia (Barnett et al. 1988, 1989)
• North Atlantic SST anomalies (Saunders et al. 2003)
• Polar wave flux activity (Gong et al. 2003)• Persistence of snow extent anomalies – AO
correlates more significantly to annual (not seasonal) Eurasian snow extent anomalies.
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Autocorrelation of monthly Eurasian normalized snow extent anomalies,
1973-2003
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Summary• Annual maximum snow mass and streamflow
in northern Quebec & Labrador is significantly correlated to Eurasian snow extent anomalies
• Persistence of the Eurasian snow extent anomalies during spring is critical to pan-Arctic connectivity.
• Thanks to: Land surface hydrology group at Princeton, Marc Stieglitz (Georgia Tech.), Ed McKenna, & Ross Brown (CMC).
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Trends in Northern Hemisphere snow extent