1. Diversity of opinions Learning as a process Learning as critical Continual learning Decision-making

2. Social and cultural context Work experience learning knowledge Contact Technology as mediator Adding know-where to know-how and knowwhat

3. A network with nodes and connections: that knowledge is distributed across a network of connections, and therefore that learning consists of the ability to construct and traverse those networks (Downes)

4. Aggregation Relation Creation Sharing See Rita Kop, The Challenges to Connectivist Learning on Open Online Networks: Learning Experiences during a Massive Open Online Course in IRRODL, vol. 12, no. 3 (2011)