Connected Vehicles

AASHTO Annual Meeting | October 17, 2013 | Denver, CO

Mike CammisaDirector, SafetyAssociation of Global Automakers

OUR MEMBERS

The Big Picture

The Past • FCC Allocated 5.9 GHz Spectrum for Connected

Vehicles in 1999• Technical Standards and Security Policies

Development• Safety Applications Developed and Tested• Consumer Acceptance Clinics Conducted

The Present • Safety Pilot in Ann Arbor underway• NHTSA Regulatory Decision for Passenger vehicles by end

of 2013• FCC Rulemaking for Sharing 5GHz Band - NPRM issued

April 2013• NTIA Spectrum Sharing Study Underway (to be completed

in 2014)• Auto Industry and Wi-Fi Industry joint investigation of

potential sharing in 5.9 GHz Band

The Future• NHTSA Regulatory Decision for Heavy Trucks in

2014• FHWA Infrastructure Implementation Guidance in

2015• FCC Decision(s) on 5 GHz Band ~ 2013/14• Implementation of V2V and V2I

Spectrum Sharing Proposal

• The FCC Proposal to expand the use of unlicensed spectrum in the 5 GHz band is a result of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012.• However, rulemaking to open 5.9 GHz

band was not mandated by Congress.

The Proposal• Would open 5.35-5.47 GHz and 5.85-5.925 GHz to

U-NII (total of 195 MHz)

• Would modify U-NII rules across 5 GHz band “…to ensure that these devices do not cause harmful interference and thus can continue to operate in the 5 GHz band and make broadband technologies available for consumers and businesses.”

• Unlicensed use should be allowed ONLY IF there is no harmful interference to licensed users

Interference Concerns• Harmful Interference includes any interference

which endangers the functioning of DSRC safety services, due to the fact that the opportunity for DSRC to potentially prevent a collision would be impaired.

• Interference should not lead to the delay or omission of a timely safety action (e.g., warning or control actions provided to the driver/vehicle) that could have otherwise been provided in order to prevent a crash.

Interference Concerns Cont.• The threat of an imminent crash could arise

instantaneously during driving conflicts. Therefore, any delay in timely warning or control actions caused by interference must be imperceptible.

Protecting the Spectrum• Automakers have invested significant time and

resources into DSRC

• DSRC important for Safety applications because of low latency and high data transfer rates

• Automakers will not continue to invest in DSRC systems if efficacy is compromised by unlicensed devices in the 5.9 GHz band.

Protecting the Spectrum Cont.• All current DSRC channels are needed for V2V and

V2I safety services and re-channelization and channel use rule changes are not feasible.

• Automakers are working with Wi-Fi industry to investigate potential technical solutions that would allow sharing, however rigorous testing is necessary before the 5.9 GHz spectrum should be opened to unlicensed users.

V2X Safety Applications

Communications Between Vehicle & Infrastructure• Blind Merge Warning • Curve Speed Warning • Emergency Vehicle Signal

Preemption• Highway/Rail Collision Warning • Intersection Collision Warning • In Vehicle Amber Alert• In-Vehicle Signage• Just-In-Time Repair Notification• Left Turn Assistant

• Low Bridge Warning• Low Parking Structure Warning• Pedestrian Crossing Information at Intersection• Road Condition Warning• Safety Recall Notice• SOS Services• Stop Sign Movement Assistance• Stop Sign Violation Warning• Traffic Signal Violation Warning• Work Zone Warning

Communications Between Vehicles• Approaching Emergency Vehicle

Warning• Blind Spot Warning• Cooperative Adaptive Cruise

Control• Cooperative Collision Warning• Cooperative Forward Collision

Warning• Cooperative Vehicle-Highway

Automation System• Emergency Electronic Brake Lights• Highway Merge Assistant• Lane Change Warning

• Post-Crash Warning• Pre-Crash Sensing• Vehicle-Based Road Condition

Warning• Vehicle-to-Vehicle Road Feature

Notification• Visibility Enhancer• Wrong Way Driver Warning• Do Not Pass Warning• Intersection Movement Assist• Control Loss Warning

Implementation/Deployment Challenges

Vehicles• Equipping the fleet – V2V and V2I benefits increase with

fleet penetration• Is a government mandate needed (and in what form)?• Timing of regulations, timing of installation in new

vehicles• Implementation Pathways• Security Issues – protection from malfunctioning and

compromised units

Infrastructure• What infrastructure is needed to support V2V

applications (e.g., for security)?• What are expectations for a national footprint?• How will states make decisions on road side unit

locations, applications and investment?• How will infrastructure installation, operation, and

maintenance be funded?

Thank You

AASHTO Annual Meeting | October 17, 2013 | Denver, CO