conflict.ppt mpw1153

8/14/2019 Conflict.ppt mpw1153

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CONFLICT

Chapter 12


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What is Conflict

Definition: Disagreement, discord and friction that

occur when the actions or beliefs of one or more

members of the group are unacceptable to and areresisted by one or more of the other group

members

Types

Intergroup conflict involves two or more groups

Intragroup conflict occurs within a group


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Assumptions & Opinions of Conflict

Some people are always itching for a fight.

People who are aggressive are mentallyunstable.

The human species is, by nature, aggressive.

Women are the gentler gender. The best way to deal with conflict is to talk things

over.


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What is Conflict


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Roots of Conflict

Conflict questions:

Who has won? (competition) Who gets what? (resource distribution)

Who is in charge? (power struggles)

Who decides? (decisional conflict) Who do I like? (personal conflict)


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Conflict and Competition

Deutsch: Cooperation versus competition

Mixed-motive conflict and the prisonersdilemma game (PDG)

The norm of reciprocity

Social values orientation: cooperators,

competitors, and individualists

Sex differences


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Prisoners Dilemma Game

Don

Claire

Doesnt Confess

Doesnt

confesses

Confesses

Confesses

1 years

1 years

0 years

0 years

10 years

10 years

5 year

5 year


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Prisoners Dilemma Game

Don

Claire

Choice A

Choice A

Choice B

Choice B

+ $25

+ $25

+ $50

+ $50

- $25

- $25

- $10

-$10


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Sharing

Sharing: Social dilemmas

Groups as social dilemmas: Self-interest (self-serving) vs. group interest (group-serving)

Types Social traps (commons dilemmas): exploiting

shared resources

Public goods dilemmas: contributions to public

goods (free-riding) Fairness dilemmas: distributive vs. procedural

justice, distribution norms

Responsibility dilemmas: egocentrism vs.

sociocentrism


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Sources of Conflict

Controlling: Power struggles

Deciding: Substantive vs. procedural conflicts

Liking and disliking: Personal conflicts

Attraction decreases conflict but disaffection

(repulsion) increases conflict Conflict and diversity in groups

Balance theory: members respond negatively

when they disagree with those they like


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Why Does Conflict Escalate

Uncertainty Commitment

Perception Misperception

Fundamental attribution error

Misperceptions of motives

Weak Tactics Stronger Tactics

Trucking game experiment (Deutsch & Krauss,1960)

Communication can increase conflict if used to

threaten


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Reciprocity Upward Conflict Spiral

Norm of reciprocity Rough (overmatching) and light reciprocity

(undermatching)

Few Many (coalition formation) Irritation Anger (contagion)

Why Does Conflict Escalate? (cont)


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Conflict Management

Commitment Negotiation

Finding solutions by negotiating

Types: soft, hard, and principled negotiators

Misperception Understanding


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Strong Tactics Cooperative Tactics

Types of tactics: Avoiding, yielding, fighting, &

cooperating Dimensions: negative-positive and active-

passive

Upward Downward Conflict Spirals Axelrods Tit for Tat strategy (TFT)

Characteristics: provocable, reciprocal,

forgiving

Conflict Management


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Many Few

Mediators: third party interventions

Types: inquisitorial, arbitration, moot

Anger Composure

Conflict Management


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Does Resolved Conflict Lead to

Improved Group Functioning?

Conflict is a natural consequence of joining a

group

Cooperation promotes group unity, harmony,

conflict undermines the group

Resolving non-personal conflicts may promote

group functioning, but unclear


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Conclusion

1. Uncertainty Commitment Negotiation

2. Perception Misperception Understanding

3. Weak Tactics Stronger Tactics CooperativeTactics

4. Reciprocity Upward Conflict Spiral Downward spiral

5. Few Many (coalition formation) Few

6. Irritation Anger (contagion) Composure

conflict.ppt mpw1153

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