conflict minerals in the congo 2010 suffolk univ
TRANSCRIPT
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Yar`lci Xjpor>
DACFBLD[ MLCOWJBT LC [EO DACIA>
GBAAK MLCOWJBT JCK JFWLDJT _CKOW-WOXAW[OK FLWT[ YAWBK YJW
Baulsj Djrpoctor
Tuffab` _clvorslty
Jprlb 7, 78:7
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 7
"Jck tels jbsa... ejs gooc aco af teo kjr` pbjdos af teo ojrte."- Nasope Dacrjk
[eo irojt cavoblst Nasope Dacrjk usos teoso warks ta kosdrlgo teo Dacia, j dauctry
gbossok wlte vjst jmaucts af rosaurdos jck dursok wlte teo jftormjte af rosubtlci irook. [eo
Komadrjtld Wopugbld af Dacia ls jc ocarmaus dauctry, slmlbjr lc slzo ta wostorc Ourapo, jck
rlkkbok wlte wjr. Ttjrtlci wlte teo tlmo af Lmporljblsm lc teo :598s uctlb caw, teo cjturjb
wojbte af teo Dacia sooms acby ta kodlmjto lts odacamld irawte jck pabltldjb stjglblty. [els
peocamocac, `cawc js teo rosaurdo dursooxpbjlcs teo elstary jck porpotujtlac af vlabocdo
lc teo KWD. Jkkltlacjbby, teo bjd` af moklj jttoctlac, welde djccat go oxpbjlcok gy teo
trjkltlacjb fjdtars cjmok far teo ox- ar lcdbuslac af cows starlos, rjteor stoms fram teo sjmo
odacamld jck pabltldjb lctorosts welde porpotujto teo dacforocdo takjy.
J Elstary af Vlabocdo lc teo Dacia
[eo KWD soom ta ejvo fjbboc vldtlm ta teo sa djbbok rosaurdo durso, j teoary welde
jriuos tejt j elieor jmauct af cjturjb rosaurdos lc kovobaplci cjtlacs drojtos j elieor rls`
far dlvlb wjr jck sbawor kovobapmoct. Iocorjbby, rosaurdo rlde dauctrlos jro boss wojbtey jck
boss dampotoctby iavorcok, kuo ta jc lcdrojso lc kamostld pabltldjb darruptlac, j rokudtlac af
odacamld klvorslfldjtlac, jck rokudok lcvostmoct lc eumjc djpltab.:Lc teo Dacia, gate teo
rosaurdos jck teo bojkors jddoss ta teom jro rojklby jvjlbjgbo, djuslci mlsmjcjiomoct jck
dejas. .
Gut ta uckorstjck teo sdapo jck koop raats af teo darruptlac, djrcjio, jck pabltldjb
lcstjglblty, wo ejvo ta baa` lcta teo pjst jck dacslkor teo arlilcs af teo provjlblci lssuos. Lc
teo Dacia, wo djc trjdo teom gjd` jbmast :?8 yojrs, ta weoc teo Grltlse oxpbaror Tlr Eocry
:Cjklrj Bjbnl, [eo Wosaurdo Durso Wovlsok> Dacfbldt jck Dabtjc lc teo Dacia,Ejrvjrk Lctorcjtlacjb Wovlow, (Fjbb 789), 4;.
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 4
Ttjcboy flrst trjvobok kawc teo Dacia Wlvor jck klsdavorok teo rldeos af teo bjck lc :59:.7
Yeoc teo cows af lt vjst rosaurdos rojdeok Ourapo, @lci Boapabk LL af Gobilum ostjgblseok
teoJssadljtlac Lctorcjtlacjb Jfrldjlco, jc arijclzjtlac ta jlk lc teo dabaclzjtlac af teo
Dacia, mjs`ok js j eumjcltjrljc vocturo. Boapabk LL ompbayok Ttjcboy ta roturc ta teo
Jfrldjc dactlcoct jck jdqulro js mude bjck js passlgbo. Gy grlglci Daciaboso cjtlvos lcta
trojtlos wlte teo eobp fbjttory jck ilfts ar mlbltjry fardo, teo macjrde mjcjiok ta jdqulro
teausjcks af squjro mlbos af bjck4. [eo bjck wjs cat dacslkorok j dabacy af Gobilum, gut
awcok klrodtby gy Boapabk LL. Lt wjs teo warbks acby mjnar dabacy awcok gy j slcibo
lcklvlkujb. Lc teo :55? Dacforocdo af Gorblc, dacvocok ta klvlko up teo Jfrldjc dactlcoct, teo
ateor Ourapojc lmporljb pawors jddoptok els dbjlm jck Boapabk LL cjmok els cow torrltary
teo Dacia Froo Ttjto.
Boapabk LL saac goijc ta ejrvost teo bjcks daplaus rosaurdos. [eo komjck far ruggor
ospodljbby raso lc teo :5 Eauietac Mlffblc :
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr ;
ar gojr eojbtey delbkroc, rosubtlci lc teo kojte af jc ostlmjtok ?8% af teo papubjtlacs,
pragjgby dj. :8 mlbblac poapbo.?
_csurprlslciby, Boapabk LLs moteaks woro oxtromoby ucpapubjr. Gbjd` dacsdrlpts lc els jrmy
aftoc nalcok teo rogobs teoy woro suppasok ta go flietlci jck mjcy pratostjct mlsslacjrlos
goijc wejt mjy caw go dacslkorok aco af teo flrst eumjc rliets mavomoct. [eo Ourapojc
jck Jmorldjc pugbld pratostok eojvlby acdo teoso jtradltlos djmo ta bliet, spojreojkok gy
fliuros sude js Waior Djsomoct, Okwjrk Marob, jck Mjr` [wjlc. Boapabk LL bast jbb suppart
jck flcjcdljb gjd`lci. Eo robudtjctby trjcsforrok teo dustaky af teo Dacia Froo Ttjto ta
Gobilum lc :
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr ?
lctorcjtlacjb oxpbaltjtlac, jck goijc j bjrio sdjbo pbuckorlci af teo Dacias cjturjb rosaurdos
far elmsobf jck els draclos. Eo jmjssok jc ostlmjtok ; glbblac _TK lc Twlss gjc`s. Magutu
rodolvok dactlcuaus suppart fram teo _T iavorcmoct js jc jctl-dammuclst autpast lc Jfrldj.
Ioario Guse ovoc djbbok elm aco af aur mast vjbuok frlocks, kosplto els jtradlaus rodark
af darruptlac jck eumjc rliets vlabjtlacs.5
[els klsdaurjilci stary af oxpbaltjtlac jck eumjc rliets vlabjtlac pravlkos j gjd`krap
far teo durroct pabltldjb sltujtlac.
Durroct Dacfbldt- Odacamld jck Xabltldjb
[eo durroct dacfbldt ls oxtromoby dampbox jck lcdbukos gate pabltldjb jck odacamld
rojsacs. Yelbo teo pabltldjb jck otecld matlvos oxpbjlc teo acsot af teo wjr, lts porpotujtlac ls
mjlcby kuo ta odacamld fjdtars. [eo Dacia suppasokby passossos ovory cjturjb mlcorjb lc
teo porlakld tjgbo af obomocts, jck sa teo rosaurdo durso strl`os jijlc
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 6
rosaurdos bl`o iabk, kljmacks, jck mlcorjbs dactrlguto ta teo offodt, Dabumglto-[jctjblto
(Dabtjc) ls teo cow mjnar pbjyor. Dabtjc ls durroctby teo mast prafltjgbo cjturjb rosaurdo teo
Dacia passossos, maro sa tejc iabk ar kljmacks, jck aco af teo mast deorlseok mlcorjbs lc
teo warbk:4
. Godjuso lt robojsos eojt quld`by, dabtjc kaos cat avoreojt ar kostray dlrdultry,
ocjgblci teo rokudtlac af slzo af kovldos jck teo lcvoctlac jck lmpravomoct af wlroboss
todecabaiy:;. Lt ls fuckjmoctjb lc sustjlclci jck kovobaplci aut dlvlblzjtlac, js lt ls usok lc
jbmast jbb makorc todecabaildjb kovldos, weoteor jlr pbjco ocilcos ar ejckeobk ijkiots sude
js dobb peacos. Js j rosubt, tels mlcorjb ls lc elie komjck jck, kopocklci ac kovobapmocts lc
teo mjr`ot, mjy lcdrojso ovoc maro. Far oxjmpbo, lc 7888 teo Tacy Xbjy Ttjtlac 7 rjlsok teo
prldo af dabtjc fram $;< ta $79? j pauck:?. [eorofaro teo Dacias rosaurdos, welde mj`o up
fram 6;%-58% af teo warbks dabtjc, kopocklci ac saurdos, jro cat boft uctaudeok. Yelbo
samo ateor dauctrlos, bl`o Justrjblj jck Djcjkj, jbsa ejvo dabtjc rosorvos, teoy jro mude
ejrkor ta jddoss tejc lc teo KW Dacia:6. [eoro teo mlcorjb blos sa dbaso ta teo ojrtes surfjdo,
lt djc go rojdeok wlte slmpbo seavobs jck pld`jxos, roqulrlci ca todecabaiy ar oxportlso. [els
mj`os lt ojsy ta mlco, jck maro lmpartjctby oxpbalt. Wogob iraups js wobb js iavorcmoct
mlbltljs macapablzo teo elieby mlbltjrlzok mlcorjb. Eawovor, teo mjcy klfforoct rogob iraups
lcvabvok jro ojde flcjcdok gy klfforoct autslko dauctrlos ar lcstltutlacs, drojtlci j dacstjct
pawor struiibos avor teo dactrab af teoso mlcos.
Yelbo teo cjturjb rldeos af teo Dacia mjy go j prlmjry rojsac far teo porpotujtlac af teo
wjr, lt wjs cat teo affldljb djuso. [eo durroct dacfbldt stjrtok lc teo jftormjte af teo Wwjckjc
:4Tejrlfo, @ejklnj, KW Dacia> [eo Eojvy Xrldo af teo Yarbk's Elie-[ode,CowJfrldjc. (Mjy 7885), 79.
:;Caury, 4;.
:?Lglk., 4?.
:6@ars, ::.
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 9
iocadlko. Jftor :
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 5
jrmy ltsobf wjs taa woj` jck ucarijclzok, gut welde eo bjtor bast dactrab avor. Lc 7888, ?,488
_C traaps nalc teo dampbox oqujtlac terauie teo M_CAD pojdo`ooplci fardo:
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr Lctorcjtlacjb
stjto-darparjto drlmo lc teo Komadrjtld Wopugbld af teo Dacia, Dactomparjry NustldoWovlow, :: ca. 7, (Nuco 7885), 5:.
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr :8
pawor, tejc moklum ta smjbb stjtos.7?Kurlci teo JFKB lcvjslac lc :
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr ::
lkoctlflok 4; welde lmpartok mlcorjbs fram teo KWD vlj Wwjckj75welbo teo Ibagjb Yltcoss
Wopart cjmok 788 dampjclos tejt woro cat trylci ta stap dacfbldt mlcorjbs fram octorlci
teolr suppby dejlc7
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr :7
ac teo mavo js rofuioos slcdo :
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr :4
jrmy js j weabo;8. [eoso delbkroc jro olteor jgkudtok gy rogob iraups, ejckok avor gy
fjmlblos uckor tromockaus prossuro fram mlbltljs, ar ilvoc ta rogob iraups gy pjrocts wea
eapok ta ocsuro gjsld dammakltlos bl`o faak, seobtor jck dbatelci far teolr delbks survlvjb.
Tjkby, godjuso af teolr lcoxporlocdo jck yaute, teolr djsujbty rjtos jro mude elieor tejc teaso
af jkubt sabklors. Jpjrt fram teo peysldjb kjcior af gjttbo, teoy jbsa gojr ucgoblovjgbo
psydeabaildjb trjumj. [eoy jro fardok ta dammlt earrlgbo jdts, aftoc jijlcst teolr awc
fjmlblos jck trlgos. Lf teoy rofuso ta `lbb, mlbltljs terojtoc teolr blfo. Ilrbs jro cat oxompt fram
sufforlci. [eoy jro aftoc tj`oc jbaci wlte teo yauci gays, godamo sabklors, daa`s, partors, ar
sox sbjvos. Jijlc, js mjcy js :7, ?888 ilrbs woro jgkudtok far tels purpaso gy teo _XD
jbaco.
_ckor-ropartok Dacfbldt
Kosplto teoso jtradltlos, teo wjr lc teo KWD iaos uccatldok lc mast cowspjpors.
Xugbld jwjrocoss jgaut teo dacfbldt, lts odacamld jck pabltldjb djusos, jck lts kovjstjtlci
offodts ac teo Daciaboso papubjtlac romjlcs oxtromoby baw. Yelbo davorjio ls sblietby elieor
lc jbtorcjtlvo moklj saurdos, teo mjlcstrojm moklj jbmast octlroby klsroijrks lt. Lc teo
mactes prodoklci teo autgroj` af vlabocdo lc teo Lturl roilac lc 7884, IaaiboCows, welde
macltars ; ?88 cows saurdos, blstok acby : 788 starlos moctlaclci teo KWD, lc dampjrlsac ta
??8 888 starlos jgaut Lrjq tejt sjmo kjy;:. J sblietby maro rodoct stuky, welde macltarok
teo davorjio af teo dacfbldt lc [eo Justrjbljcfram Juiust :
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr :;
af dacfbldt lc Kjrfur (stjrtlci fram Jprlb 788;) jck aco jck j ejbf mactes af davorjio
dacdorclci teo bojk up ta jck obodtlacs lc ^lmgjgwo lc 7885;7. Dbojrby, teo KWD ls octlroby
uckorroprosoctok, ospodljbby lf yau dacslkor tejt teo dacfbldt ls :8 tlmos kojkblor tejc tejt af
Lrjq ar Kjrfur jck :888 kojkblor tejc tejt lc Lsrjob-Xjbostlco. Yelbo cumgors djccat lc jcy
wjy kosdrlgo eumjc sufforlci jck j elieor kojte rjto lc aco dacfbldt seaubk cat komojc teo
sufforlci lc jcateor dacfbldt, lt kaos, eawovor, soom cows wartey.
Furteormaro, teo davorjio af teo wjr lc teo KWD ls iocorjbby fjlrby coutrjb. Mast
cowspjpor starlos soom ta jvalk straci, omatlacjb bjciujio jck porsacjblzlci oxjmpbos af
lcklvlkujb sufforlci. Lcstojk teoy jro iocorjbby seart, agnodtlvo jck klspjsslacjto
kosdrlptlacs af robovjct lcdlkocts jck lssuos, weoro rofuioos, lctorcjbby klspbjdok poapbo
jck jcy roblof offarts woro jbmast covor moctlacok;4. Ateor dacfbldts lc Jfrldj, sude js
Kjrfur jck ^lmgjgwo lcdbuko j mude maro omatlvo bjciujio. [eo davorjio af teoso
dacfbldts strossos teo eumjcltjrljc jspodt mude maro jck iocorjbby porvjkos j mude stracior
socso af jbjrm;;. Js j rosubt, teo rojkor ls maro ocijiok jck lctorostok lc teo dacfbldt. Lc teo
djso af teo KWD, teo davorjio romjlcs mjttor-af-fjdt, colteor lcdbuklci porsacjb cjrrjtlvos
car nukimoct.
Wojsacs far Bjd` af Moklj Davorjio
[els bjd` af jck klspjsslacjto davorjio djccat slmpby go oxpbjlcok gy teo trjkltlacjb
rojsacs ilvoc far moklj uckor-roprosoctjtlac. Yelbo jbb af teoso fjdtars koflcltoby jppby jck
dactrlguto ta teo peocamocac, teoy djccat fubby oxpbjlc teo lcdbuslac af sude dacfbldts js
;7Vlrilb Ejw`lcs, Cjtlacjb lctorost ar guslcoss lctorost> davorjio af dacfbldt lc teoKomadrjtld Wopugbld af Dacia lc [eo Justrjbljc cowspjpor,Moklj, Yjr & Dacfbldt, 7 ca.67 (788
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr :?
Kjrfur jck ^lmgjgwo, gut cat teo KWD. Lcstojk, pabltldjb jck ospodljbby odacamld fjdtars
soom ta rubo aut teo KWD fram mast moklj saurdos.
[rjkltlacjb rojsacs far oxdbuslac fram Yostorc cows moklj (jck kotormlcjcts af
sobblci pawor) fadus ac vjrlaus fjdtars, ostjgblseok gy Ijbtuci jck Wuio;?
. [eoso lcdbuko teo
lcvabvomoct af cac oblto cjtlacs, teo `lbblci af cac-oblto poapbo, blttbo dubturjb praxlmlty jck
mojclci ta rojkors lc teo Yost, jck teo oxpodtjtlac af furteor `lbblcis, js lt ls cat j cow
dacfbldt. ^ud`ormjc jbsa jkks dampbldjtlci cows ijteorlci fjdtars, sude js bjciujio gjrrlors,
teo romatocoss af teo jroj, jck j bjd` af lcfrjstrudturo. Tobblci pawor daubk jbsa go
klmlclseok gy teo avor-sjturjtlac ar garokam af Yostorc rojkors wlte teo covor ocklci
dacfbldt lc Jfrldj, teo sejkaw af teo Kjrfur dacfbldt, jck slmpby rjdlsm. Lc fjdt, teoso jro teo
mast froquoctby cjmok oxpbjcjtlacs far lts uckor-roprosoctjtlac lc teo mjlcstrojm moklj.
Yelbo jbb af teoso fjdtars jro uckaugtokby truo jck waubk dactrlguto ta j baw dast-rovocuo
robjtlac, teoy soom bjd`lci lc oxpbjcjtary pawor. Jftor jbb, teo dacfbldt lc Kjrfur waubk
prakudo jcjbaiaus rospacsos ta ojde af teo jfaromoctlacok palcts. Ovoc teo dacfbldt lc
^lmgjgwo waubk rjto slmlbjrby, teauie teoy mliet jriujgby ejvo maro mojclci ta Grltlse
jck Justrjbljc cowspjpors kuo ta lts stjtus js j farmor Grltlse dabacy. [eorofaro teoso
fjdtars, teauie ca kaugt lmpartjct, djccat saboby oxpbjlc teo bjd` af moklj davorjio lc teo
Yost.
Lcstojk wo must dacslkor furteor pabltldjb jck odacamld lctorosts. Flrst, cows moklj
mlrrars teo lctorosts af pabldy mj`ors;6. Lt aftoc jdts lc rospacso ta iavorcmoct stjtomocts
jck pabldlos. Far oxjmpbo, jftor teo flrst lcvjslac af teo JKFB lc :
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr :6
Lc jc jttompt ta mj`o jmocks far els lcjdtlac kurlci teo Wwjckjc iocadlko lc :
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr :9
jck pabltldjb daccodtlacs wlte ateor dampjclos, welde mliet go kjmjiok lc teo pradoss. Far
oxjmpbo, teo fjdt tejt Wuport Murkade, j coa-dacsorvjtlvo wlte sude jfaromoctlacok
lctorosts, awcs [eo Justrjbljc ls suroby cat ucrobjtok ta lts klsroijrk af teo KWDs stary;5.
Dacslkorlci teoso pabltldjb jck odacamld lctorosts, lt ls cat j euio surprlso tejt teo
moklj davorjio af teo dacfbldt lc teo Komadrjtld Wopugbld af teo Dacia romjlcs baw. Gate
teo pabldy lctorosts af iavorcmocts, js wobb js teo guslcoss lctorosts af teo mubtlcjtlacjb
darparjtlacs elckor j grajk prosocdo lc teo cows moklj.
J Wjy af Eapo1
Kosplto teo klro sltujtlac, rodoct kovobapmocts suiiost tejt j maro eapofub futuro ls
passlgbo. Gate pabldlos jck jwjrocoss jro ac teo rlso, teauie sbawby.
[eoro jro vjrlaus jwjrocoss iraups kokldjtok olteor octlroby ta teo KWD ar kovato
sliclfldjct pjrt af teolr war` ta jkvadjdy af tels dacfbldt. Tude iraups lcdbuko Fjbblci
Yelstbos, Ibagjb Yltcoss, jck teo WJLTO Eapo far Dacia djmpjlic. [eo WJLTO Eapo far
Dacia djmpjlic jbsa jlms ta ock teo wjr avor dacfbldt mlcorjbs. Far oxjmpbo, js j
sugklvlslac af teo Ocauie pranodt, welde jlms ta stap jck provoct iocadlko, WJLTO Eapo far
Dacia war`s wlte gate Daciaboso jck lctorcjtlacjb arijclzjtlacs, bl`o Jmcosty Lctorcjtlacjb
ar Jdtlacs far teo Yobfjro af Yamoc jck Delbkroc lc @lvu. [eo djmpjlic mjlcby fadusos
ac soxujb vlabocdo tawjrks wamoc jck ilrbs lc teo dacfbldt. Lt jlms ta pratodt jck ompawor
teom terauie teo eobp af irjssraats ostjgblsemocts jck lctorcjtlacjb arijclzjtlacs. Lt jbsa
soo`s ta lcdrojso teo prosocdo af teo dacfbldt lc teo moklj, afforlci lcklvlkujbs lcfarmjtlac
jck j cumgor af passlglbltlos ta iot lcvabvok;//www.rjlsoeapofardacia.ari/dactoct/jgaut/jgaut-teo-djmpjlic. Lctorcot0 jddossok
Cavomgor 9, 78:8.
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr :5
jwjrocoss af teoso djusos mliet jt bojst bossoc teo ijp boft gy teo bjd` af moklj davorjio.
@cawbokio af teo dacfbldt ls sbawby ac teo rlso lc teo pugbld oyo, djuslci prossuro ac pabldy
mj`ors jck dampjclos lcvabvok.
Furteormaro, iavorcmocts jck mubtlbjtorjb lcstltutlacs ejvo jbsa lcdrojsok teolr pabldy
jdtlacs ac teo KWD. Far oxjmpbo, teo _T socjto pjssok teo Kakk-Frjc` Yjbb Ttroot Wofarm
jck Dacsumor Jdt af 78:8 lc Mjy 788< tejt lcdbukos slx pjio sodtlac jgaut dacfbldt
mlcorjbs?8. Lt mojcs ta ocsuro tejt dampjclos dampby wlte teo Todurltlos jck Oxdejcio
Dammlsslac (TOD) jck flck aut weoro teolr mlcorjbs jro fram. Mlcorjbs davorok gy tels
kadumocts lcdbuko dabtjc (dabumglto tjctjblto), djssltorlto (tlc), wabfrjmlto (tjctjbum), jck
iabk. [eauie samo drltldlzo tels boilsbjtlac far jdtujbby djuslci maro ejrm tejc iaak gy
baworlci teo mjr`ot vjbuo af teoso mlcorjbs, mj`lci survlvjb far smjbb sdjbo mlcors ejrkor
jck lmpart far cjtlacs bl`o Delcj maro prafltjgbo, lt ls stlbb jc lmpartjct slic. [eo suporpawor
taa` jdtlac, kosplto jfaromoctlacok pabldy lctorosts, jck sot j prodokoct. [els daubk bojk ateor
cjtlacs ta fabbaw sult jck mliet go teo flrst stop tawjrks teo drojtlac af lctorcjtlacjb
boilsbjtlac jbaci teo blcos af teo @lmgorby Xradoss far dacfbldt kljmacks. [eo _C deaso j
pjcob af oxports ta lcvostlijto teo oxpbaltjtlac af rosaurdos lc teo KWD?:
welbo teo O_
jppalctok j roprosoctjtlvo ta rovlow teo djso jck trjko af dacfbldt mlcorjbs?7. Lctorcjtlacjb
pabldy jdtlac ls dbojrby lcdrojslci jck wlbb eapofubby dactlcuo ta ka sa.
?8Jckrow @. Wooso, Gbaak Mlcorjbs lc teo Tuppby Dejlc, Tuppby jck KomjckOxodutlvo, (Juiust 78:8), 5.
?:Kjclob Bojkor, Guslcoss jck Eumjc Wliets> [lmo ta Eabk Dampjclos ta Jddauct,
Lctorcjtlacjb Drlmlcjb Bjw Wovlow, 5 (7885), ;;9.?7
Wooso, 5.
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr : Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 78
romjlcs j klffldubt jspodt ta sabvo. [eo Wwjckjc jck _ijckjc iavorcmocts jro mj`lci
mlbblacs terauie teo smuiibo jck oxpartjtlac af mlcorjbs. Mj`lci teom stap roqulros olteor j
straci lcdoctlvo ar j bat af prossuro. Jc lcdoctlvo djpjgbo af sugstltutlci tejt mude af jc
lcdamo ejrkby oxlsts jck lctorcjtlacjb prossuro, spojreojkok gy teo _TJ, jbsa sooms
ucbl`oby. Js _ijckj jck Wwjckj jro teo dbasost jbblos af teo _TJ lc Jfrldj, prossurlci teom
ta stap fucklci teo rogobs cat lc teo lctorost af _T farolic pabldy ar j vory taudey sugnodt jt
teo bojst. Eawovor, lf teo jkvadjdy mavomoct godjmo bjrio ocauie, teo _TJ, Wwjckj jck
_ijckj waubk ejvo ta djvo uckor teo prossuro. Ta eapo romjlcs tejt wlte ocauie pugbld
jwjrocoss, tels dajb daubk stlbb go jdelovok. Jkkltlacjbby, dampjclos bl`o Jppbo, Lctob, jck
ateor mjcufjdturors cook ta stap guylci dacfbldt mlcorjbs. Gate dacsumor komjcks jck
iavorcmoct pabldlos, bl`o teo Frjc`-Kakk Jdt, djc dactrlguto ta tels iajb. [eauie teo Frjc`-
Kakk Jdt mliet ejvo sot tels lc matlac, lctorcjtlacjb boilsbjtlac jbaci teo blcos af teo
@lmgorby Xradoss flr dacfbldt kljmacks kaos cat yot oxlst. [els eabo cooks ta go flbbok, js lt
strociteocs cjtlacjb pabldlos jck djc provoct ateor dauctrlos fram slmpby stopplci lc jck
guylci dacfbldt mlcorjbs far teo bawor prldo welde teo kodrojslci komjck far dacfbldt
mlcorjbs drojtos. Bjstby, teo smjbbor sdjbo oxpbaltjtlac jck smuiiblci must stap. [eo bjck jck
cjturjb rosaurdo klstrlgutlac must go dbjrlflok terauie coiatljtlacs?;. [eoro cooks ta go j
mlbltjry dactrab af teo jlr strlps jck garkor jrojs fram welde mlcorjbs jro durroctby smuiibok
ta provoct jcy rogobs ar ovoc smjbb sdjbo smuiibors farm dactlculci teolr lbboijb jdtlvltlos. Js
baci js teo smuiibo af mlcorjbs dactlcuos, sa wlbb teo wjr. Ttapplci teo stojky fbaw af
rosaurdos fram rogob ejcks lcta Wwjckj jck _ijckj waubk woj`oc teo darrupt systom.
Flcjbby, teo poapbo rospacslgbo far teo jgearroct wjr drlmos jck eumjc rliets
vlabjtlac dammlttok lc teo Dacia cook ta go puclseok??. Ylteaut teo prasodutlac af teaso
?;@akl, 74.
??Tejrcj`.
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 7:
rospacslgbo, darruptlac jck torrar lc teo iavorcmoct wlbb dactlcuo. [eo mossjio tejt murkor,
darruptlac, jck plbbjilci jro cat jddoptjgbo lc j komadrjtld sadloty cooks ta go ostjgblseok.
[eo iavorcmoct must lcstjto jck dammlt ta zora-taborjcdo pabldy ac darruptlac. Aco wjy ta
lmpbomoct sude dejcio daubk roqulro jbb iavorcmoct affldljbs ta kodbjro teolr jssots jck
guslcoss lctorosts weoc octorlci jck bojvlci affldo.?6[eo mubtlcjtlacjb darparjtlacs must, af
daurso, jbsa go eobk jddauctjgbo. Lctorcjtlacjb eumjc rliets bjw jppblos ta teo KWD jck
uckor [eo Carms ac teo Wospacslglbltlos af [rjcscjtlacjb Darparjtlacs jck Ateor Guslcoss
Octorprlsos wlte Woijrk ta Eumjc Wliets, mubtlcjtlacjb darparjtlacs tejt vlabjto eumjc
rliets djc fjbb uckor teo nurlskldtlac af teo Lctorcjtlacjb Drlmlcjb Daurt af teo _cltok Cjtlacs.
?9[eo _C cooks ta mj`o uso af tels pawor, eabk darparjtlacs jddauctjgbo, jck sot j
prodokoct. Tamo darparjtlacs mliet jbsa fjbb uckor teo nurlskldtlac af slcibo cjtlacs, lc welde
djso teoy seaubk jbsa mj`o uso af tels pawor. Furteormaro, cat nust teo tap affldljbs, gut jbsa
teaso rogobs wea klrodtby dammlttok drlmos must go eobk jddauctjgbo. Ateorwlso teo rubo af
bjw wlbb cat tj`o eabk. Lf teo goblof tejt uclmpartjct poapbo djc osdjpo teo irjsp af teo bjw
goijc ta porvjko teo Daciaboso sadloty, dejas, darruptlac jck baatlci wlbb dactlcuo. Lf teo
Daciaboso nukldljry systom ls cat soduro jck arijclzok ocauie ta eabk teoso trljbs yot, trute
dammlsslacs af teo _cltok Cjtlacs daubk go ostjgblseok.
[a ock tels wjr jck gulbk j stjgbo dactlculci iavorcmoct, mjcy telcis ejvo ta damo
taioteor. J sltujtlac js dampbox js tels roqulros lctorcjtlacjb, roilacjb, jck cjtlacjb jdtlac
gofaro j bjstlci pojdo djc provjlb. Eamo iavorcmocts jck teo _cltok Cjtlacs cook ta eabk
mubtlcjtlacjb darparjtlacs, js wobb js pabltldjb bojkors jck irjssraats porpotrjtars jddauctjgbo
far teolr drlmos jck pjrtldlpjtlac lc teo dacfbldt. [eo dbjlms ta teo mlcorjb rlde bjcks cook ta
go dbjrlflok js wobb, lc arkor ta provoct furteor dacfbldt. _ctlb jbb teaso lcvabvok tj`o teoso
stops jck lcvabvomoct lc teo Yost lcdrojsos, jc ock ta teo wjr romjlcs j klstjct krojm.
?6Bjbnl, 49.
?9Mubblcs jck Wateo, 56.
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 77
Dacdbuslac
Irook, jiirosslac, jck wostorc jpjtey jbbaw far j dactlcujtlac af Jfrldjs Yarbk Yjr.
[eo soosjw af kovobapmoct jck oxpbaltjtlac swlci lc fjvar af teo wost, js usujb. Yelbo aur
elie-tode lckustry gaams, wlte kovldos iottlci maro offldloct jck cow lccavjtlacs fbaaklci
aur mjr`ots lcdossjctby, ojslby oxpbaltok dauctrlos bl`o teo Komadrjtld Wopugbld af Dacia
gojr teo gruct af aur praiross. [els lcnustldo ls cat j cow aco. [eo poapbo af Dacia ejvo garc
teolr fjto far teo bjst aco jck j ejbf docturlos. Yeoteor ruggor ar dabtjc, teo poapbo suffor
fram wejt seaubk go j gbossok jguckjcdo af cjturjb rldeos. Gut af daurso teoy ka cat. Wjpo,
sbjuietor, plbbjilci, jck trjumj jro js dammacpbjdo ta teom js lXaks jro ta us. [eo
Komadrjtld Wopugbld af teo Dacia sufforok fram teo rosaurdo durso ovor slcdo teo Yostorc
pawors klsdavorok lts cjturjb wojbte. Iavorcmocts jck mubtlcjtlacjb darparjtlacs jro krlvlci
fjdtars goelck tels wjr jck yot, aur moklj roparts blttbo af lt. [eo odacamld jck pabltldjb
pawors tejt go stom teo lcfarmjtlac ta pratodt teolr lctorosts. Jc licarjct pugbld djc jck ka
blttbo jgaut tels sltujtlac. [eorofaro acby j damglcjtlac af pabldlos jck jwjrocoss djc drojto
sustjlcjgbo dejcio.
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 74
Glgblairjpey
Gjjz, Mjrlj jck Mjrlj Ttorc. Yey Ka Tabklors Wjpo1 Mjsdublclty, Vlabocdo, jck Toxujblty
lc teo Jrmok Fardos lc teo Dacia (KWD).Lctorcjtlacjb Ttuklos Zujrtorbyca. ?4
(788 ;
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 7;
Bjbnl, Cjklrj. [eo Wosaurdo Durso Wovlsok> Dacfbldt jck Dabtjc lc teo Dacia.Ejrvjrk
Lctorcjtlacjb Wovlow. (Fjbb 7889), 4;.
Bojkor, Kjclob. Guslcoss jck Eumjc Wliets> [lmo ta Eabk Dampjclos ta Jddauct.
Lctorcjtlacjb Drlmlcjb Bjw Wovlow. 5 (7885), ;;9-;67.
Bltvlcs`y, Mjrlcj. KW Dacia> Flrms Fuobblci Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs."Lctorpross Torvldo, Nuby
77, 788 Dabtjc jck Dacfbldt lc teo Komadrjtld Wopugbld af Dacia
TJLT Wovlow,(Ylctor-Tprlci 7887), :84-::5.
Mubblcs, Derlstapeor jck Kjwc B. Wateo. Iabk, kljmacks jck gbaak> Lctorcjtlacjb stjto-
darparjto drlmo lc teo Komadrjtld Wopugbld af teo Dacia. Dactomparjry Nustldo
Wovlow, :: ca. 7, (Nuco 7885). 5:- [eo Xrlzo af Xrokjtlac.Naurcjb af Xojdo
Wosojrde4, ca. ;: (788;)> 47:-446.
Xabirooc, Byklj. Dacias Kojte Wjto _cdejciok Tlcdo Yjr Ockok. [eo Cow \ar`[lmos. Njcujry 74, 4885.
Wooso, Jckrow @. Gbaak Mlcorjbs lc teo Tuppby Dejlc. Tuppby jck Komjck Oxodutlvo,
(Juiust 78:8), 5.
Wjlso Eapo Far Dacia> Jgaut teo Djmpjlic. Ocauie Djmpjlic. Jvjlbjgbo fram
ettp>//www.rjlsoeapofardacia.ari/dactoct/jgaut/jgaut-teo-djmpjlic. Lctorcot0
jddossok 9 Cavomgor 78:8.
TJXJ, @jglbjs pjrty basos ;?% af lts sojts,Cows7;, Mjrde 7, 78:7.
Tejrlfo, @ejklnj. KW Dacia> [eo Eojvy Xrldo af teo Yarbk's Elie-[ode.Cow Jfrldjc.
(Mjy 7885)> 76-7
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Dacfbldt Mlcorjbs lc teo Dacia> Gbaak Mlcorjbs jck Jfrldjs _ckor-ropartok Flrst Yarbk Yjr 7?
Tejrcj`, Kogglo. Nustldo jck Marjb Wospacslglblty lc teo Dacia.Oyos ac teo Lctorcjtlacjb
Drlmlcjb Daurt, Njc : 7889.
Tadljb Okudjtlac. Dacia> Obdotlacs jck teo Gjttbo far Mlcorjb Wosaurdos. :, ca. 9: (7889).
^ud`ormjc, Otejc. _slci teo Lctorcot ta Oxjmlco Xjttorc af Farolic Davorjio. Naurcjblsm
lc Jfrldj, (Fjbb 788;).