Conflict and Identity in the

13 Colonies

Conflict and Identity in the

13 Colonies

Created by: Lopez, kloster, Pojer

Native AmericansNative Americans

Pequot Wars1636-1637

• Pequots were largest tribe in New England

• Great Migration caused population increase in

region and Puritans decided Indians had to

go

• Allied themselves with Pequot enemies

• Used Bible as justification

• By 1637, nearly Pequots killed or sold into

slavery

A Pequot Village Destroyed, 1637

A Pequot Village Destroyed, 1637

Population of the New England Colonies

Population of the New England Colonies

PurposeUnite against a common enemy.

SignificanceColonies starting to

uniteInvolved

Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New

Haven, and Connecticut but not

Rhode Island or Maine (only

Puritans)Indian Wars

Confederation dissolves once wars

end.

PurposeUnite against a common enemy.

SignificanceColonies starting to

uniteInvolved

Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New

Haven, and Connecticut but not

Rhode Island or Maine (only

Puritans)Indian Wars

Confederation dissolves once wars

end.

Not Rhode Island

Massasoit was chief of the Wampanoag tribe- had

always been peaceful with colonists

He died in 1661 and his son, Metacom (King

Phillip) becomes chief; was fearful of colonists taking

away Indian lands

1675- formed Indian alliance – attacked

throughout New England, especially frontier

• English towns were attacked 52 of 90

English towns and burned 13 of them to the

ground; over 1,000 colonists killed

• Used strategies employed by Puritans in

Pequot war

• 1676: War ended, Metacom executed,

lasting defeat for Indians

Labor Systems: The Rise of the British-American

System of Slavery

Labor Systems: The Rise of the British-American

System of Slavery

Bacon’s Rebellion(1676 - 1677)

Bacon’s Rebellion(1676 - 1677)

Nathaniel Bacon represents

former indentured servants.

Nathaniel Bacon represents

former indentured servants.

GovernorWilliam

Berkeley of Jamestown

GovernorWilliam

Berkeley of Jamestown

• Involved former indentured servants• Not accepted in

Jamestown• Disenfranchised and unable to receive their

land• Gov. Berkeley would not defend settlements

from Indian attacks

• Nathaniel Bacon acts as the representative for

rebels• Gov. Berkeley refused to

meet their conditions and erupts into a civil

war.• Bacon dies, Gov. Berkeley puts down rebellion and several

rebels are hungConsequence of Bacon’s Rebellion

Plantation owners gradually replaced indentured servants with African slaves because it was seen as a better

investment in the long term than indentured servitude.

Slavery in The Colonies

• One of the main problems in the colonies was LABOR SHORTAGE

• Head right System• Indentured Servants• Slave Trade

Slavery in the Colonies

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Religious Peril and Transformations

Religious Peril and Transformations

The Salem Witch Trials took from March to September 1693, was one of the most notorious episodes in early American history.

Based on the accusations of two young girls, Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams.

Under British law and Puritan society those who were accused of consorting with the devil were considered felons, having committed a crime against their government. The punishment was hanging.

19 hanged, 1 pressed, 55 confessed as witches and 150 awaited trial.

Shows the strictness of Puritan societyOf the 50 who actually confessed, none were hanged.

Eventually ended by the Governor when his wife was accused

Causes disapproval of Reverend Parrisland disputes between families,

Indian taught witchcraft to girls.

Girls caught dancing, began to throw fits and accuse people of bewitching (To put under one's power by magic or cast a spell

over) them to not get in trouble.

The Great Awakening

• Arminianism: Directly challenged Calvinism’s predestination doctrine and was supported increasingly by liberal ministers – Stated man is not helpless in achieving

salvation; his will can be an effective force in his being saved

The Great Awakening

• 1st mass social movement in American Colonies

• Primarily in the Southern and middle colonies

• Religion in America had become more liberal over the decades

• Great Awakening was a movement back towards a more conservative style of religion

The Great Awakening

Jonathan Edwards• Credited with starting the great

awakening in 1734• Very influential theologian and

writer• Blasted the idea of salvation through

free will (arminianism); instead he emphasized dependence on God's grace

The Great Awakening

George Whitefield• Englishman who traveled

extensively throughout the colonies • Gave rousing speeches using the

Bible and drew large crowds• Created Methodism in GA and SC• Most influential figure in Great

Awakening

The Great Awakening

• 1st mass social movement in American Colonies

• Primarily in the Southern and middle colonies

• Religion in America had become more liberal over the decades

• Great Awakening was a movement back towards a more conservative style of religion

Zenger decision was a landmark case which paved the way for the

eventual freedom of the press.

Zenger Case, 1734-5: New York newspaper exposed corrupt local

governor

• John Peter Zenger, a New York publisher charged with libel against the colonial governor

• Zenger’s lawyer argues that what he wrote was true, so it can’t be libel (defamation of character)• English law says it doesn’t matter if it’s true or

not• Jury acquits Zenger anyway

• Not total freedom of the press, but newspapers now took greater risks in criticism of political

figures.

• John Peter Zenger, a New York publisher charged with libel against the colonial governor

• Zenger’s lawyer argues that what he wrote was true, so it can’t be libel (defamation of character)• English law says it doesn’t matter if it’s true or

not• Jury acquits Zenger anyway

• Not total freedom of the press, but newspapers now took greater risks in criticism of political

figures.

Economic

Transformations

Economic

Transformations

Mercantilism: Economic policy where wealth is power and the key to wealth is to export

products more than import

WHY?

Colonies’ role: provide raw materials (so mother country does not have to import from

other nations) and consume finished European products

Favorable balance of trade for England

• Most famous of laws to enforce mercantilism were the Navigation Laws (1650)–Restricted trade to English vessels (no Dutch)

• Additional laws: Goods bound for colonies had to go to England first for duties

• Colonists also not allowed to manufacture certain products to not compete with British (textiles, weapons, etc.)

Was it reasonable for England to pass laws

such as these to control Colonial

trade?

It was difficult for Great Britain to

enforce these laws?

Colonists broke the law and smuggled and

traded with other countries.

The Navigation Acts 1650

No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were

shipped in either colonial or English ships.

All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least three-quarters English or colonial

The colonies could export certain products only to England

Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to pass through an English port.

Colonists broke the law and smuggled and traded with other countries.

The Navigation Acts 1650

Where the Acts Effective?

Advantages of mercantilism

• VA/MD tobacco farmers guaranteed monopoly on English market.

• Until 1763, Navigation Laws were not a burden because laxly enforced (salutary neglect)

• Merchants disregarded or evaded restrictions, some got rich by smuggling (e.g. John Hancock)

Disadvantages of mercantilism

• Mercantilism hurt the economy due to lack of freedom

• South was favored due to Tobacco, sugar and rice• Parliament set up a Board of Trade and took away

the right of trial by jury. Colonists were considered guilty until proven innocent.

• Most important, mercantilism was insulting: colonies felt they were being milked like cows.

Trade

Enumerated Commodities• Lumber• Tobacco• Rice• Indigo• Furs• Sugar

To England

Manufactured Goods

• Furniture• Clothing• Colonials had

not factories.

From England to Colonies

Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. Why did this difference in development occur? Use your knowledge of the colonial period up to 1700 to develop your answer.

Due Friday September 4th, 2015