configuration exam study guide - s; e

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Manual Release 1

Study Guide Configuration Exam

Version 7.0

Citectis becomingCitect

April 2008 Edition for Version 7.0 Manual Release 1 Written, Printed and bound in Australia ii Version 7.0 April 2008

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Configuration Exam Study Guide Training Manual

INTRODUCTION AND LEGAL NOTICE

Your purchase of this official CitectSCADA Configuration Training Manual entitles you to undertake the CitectSCADA Configuration training course. The number allocated to you on purchase of this manual is your key to complete the course evaluation.

Satisfactory completion of this evaluation is mandatory for you to obtain a Citect certificate of completion of the training course.

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CitectSCADA, CitectHMI, CitectFacilities, CitectSCADA Reports and Ampla are registered trademarks of Citect Pty Ltd

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General Notice:

Some product names used in this manual are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies.

About Us

Members of Citect’s team of Instructional Designers have tertiary qualifications in Education, Educational Course Development and are also experienced trainers in their own right; some are also published authors. Currently, the team is supporting a range of over 70 courses in multiple languages and multiple software environments.

Authors

Alynda Brown, David Heath

Configuration Exam Manual Release 1 iii

Contents

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE EXAMINATION SYSTEM ............................................... 1-1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

The Examination Process............................................................................................................................ 1-2 The Examination System ............................................................................................................................. 1-4 Logging in to the Exam System ................................................................................................................... 1-5 Exam Questions........................................................................................................................................... 1-6 Commencing an Exam................................................................................................................................. 1-8 Working through the Exam.......................................................................................................................... 1-9 Completing the Exam ................................................................................................................................ 1-10

CHAPTER 2: CONFIGURATION EXAM TOPICS ............................................................................... 2-1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-1

The CitectSCADA Environment .................................................................................................................. 2-2 Managing Projects ...................................................................................................................................... 2-5 Setting Up Communications........................................................................................................................ 2-6 Graphics...................................................................................................................................................... 2-7 Commands and Controls ............................................................................................................................. 2-8 Genies and Supergenies .............................................................................................................................. 2-9 Devices ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-10 Events ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-11 Alarms ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-12 Trends........................................................................................................................................................ 2-14 Process Analyst ......................................................................................................................................... 2-15 Navigation ................................................................................................................................................. 2-16 Reports ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-17 Security...................................................................................................................................................... 2-18

CHAPTER 3: NAVIGATING THE KNOWLEDGE BASE.................................................................... 3-1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

Searching..................................................................................................................................................... 3-2

Overview

There are not many people who enjoy taking exams. In fact most people view impending exams with some degree of trepidation. There are, however, three things that help alleviate anxiety – preparation, preparation and preparation.

This Study Guide is designed to help prepare you for the exams in the Citect Certified SCADA Engineer stream. In this study guide you will see a list of suggested exercises, and a list of references for suggested reading.

The CCSE exams cover a very broad range of topics, so to enhance your chances of passing the exams it is advisable to take enough time to study the topics with which you are not yet familiar.

The best resource is the Citect Educational Services Training courseware. Each of the exams is designed around the content in the Citect curriculum.

Of course you also need to be familiar with searching the Citect Help files and searching the Citect Knowledge base.

This Chapter Covers These Topics:

� The Examination Process ...................................................... 1-2

� The Examination System....................................................... 1-4

� Logging in to the Exam System ............................................ 1-5

� Exam Questions..................................................................... 1-6

� Commencing an Exam .......................................................... 1-8

� Working through the Exam ................................................... 1-9

� Completing the Exam.......................................................... 1-10

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Examination System

Introduction

1-2 Version 7.0 April 2008

The Examination Process

Citect has authorised selected offices throughout the world as Citect Authorised Examination Centres. These centres are most likely to be your local Citect Office or distributor. A list of Examination Centres is located on the Citect website.

http://www.citect.com/exams/centers

We are currently in the process of authorising our Citect offices so many of the Citect offices are in provisional status. If you do not find your local office listed on this page contact them directly as they may be a Provisional Examination Centre.

Before you may sit for any of the Exams in the Citect Certified SCADA Engineer program you must register. This may be done in two ways:

� Contact your local Citect office

or

� Register via the website

To register through the website open this page on the Citect website and fill out your details. When you submit your request an email will be sent to the Exam Coordinator in the region that you have specified. The Exam Coordinator will contact you regarding the details of your exam.

http://www.citect.com/exams/register

Citect Authorised Examination Centres

Registering for Your Exam

Configuration Exam Manual Release 1 1-3

The Examination Process (cont.)

The registration process not only allows your local office to coordinate exams but is the first step in the exam process. When you register for the first time the Exam Coordinator in your region will arrange for your unique Student Login and Student Password. The Student Login and Password that you receive will be used in all of your Citect Exams. We will need an email address so that your exam results may be sent to you.

The Student Login follows this format

exam_joe_student

The Student Password is a computer generated random selection of characters.

The password will generally not be revealed to you, instead the examination supervisor will log in on your behalf.

Your exam enrolment is created prior to the day of the exam. When the Exam coordinator registers you to sit for a particular exam your Username is entered into the Enrolled User Group for that exam. The enrolment is disabled until the day of your exam.

The Exams are supervised by Exam Coordinators. You may be sitting for your exam at the end of a training course or you may be sitting the exam independently of any courses. When you arrive at the Examination Centre you will need to identify yourself to the Exam Coordinator. If this is your first exam the Exam Coordinator will supply you with your Exam Username and Password. You will then be escorted to the Examination Room. The location of the testing room is most likely to be a Citect Training Room.

Why Register?

Exam Enrolment

The Day of the Exam


The Examination System

All exams are open book with some limits as described below. The computers in the Examination room are loaded with an appropriate version of CitectSCADA for the exam being undertaken, the Knowledge Base and all PDF documents available on the distribution CD-ROM or DVD-ROM. You are NOT permitted to take the Citect Educational Services Training Manuals into the examination room, neither are you permitted to bring any other material, including this Study Guide, into the Examination Room.

The exams are supervised by the Exam Supervisor. Whilst you are allowed to refer to the on-line documentation and to create test projects on the installed CitectSCADA system, no speaking is allowed and peeking at someone else’s computer is also prohibited.

Blank paper for writing notes will be supplied; any used sheets will be destroyed by the Exam Supervisor.

All Citect certification exams allow a certain maximum amount of time in which to complete your work.

The available time is fixed for each exam and is also subdivided into allotments for each section of the exam. You cannot "bank" time - at the end of a section, any spare time is lost, neither can you back-track once a section is completed.

The available time for the current section is indicated on the exam by an onscreen counter/clock in the top right hand corner of the screen, so you can check the time remaining whenever you like.

The passing mark for all exams is 75%.

Once you pass all exams (or the upgrade exam if you are an existing CCSE), the CCSE Administrator will be automatically advised. Your certificate will be mailed within a few days.

Open Book Exams

Time Limit

Passing Grade


Logging in to the Exam System

All Citect Certified Exams are web based. Before you start your exam, the Exam Coordinator will have Internet Explorer loaded at the Citect Exam web page.

For CitectSCADA V6.x exams, the Exam PC will be required to have the Adobe Flash player installed. This is not necessary for v7 exams as all Flash animations have been removed from the new exams.

The Examination system is hosted on the Citect UniverCITe website and can be accessed from a web browser as follows:

� External to the Citect WAN:

learning.citect.com

� Within the Citect WAN: a URL shortcut will gain access:

learning

Following login, you will see a list of the exams in which you are currently enrolled.

Web Based Exams

Logging In


Exam Questions

Read the question and select your response from the list of options. Select the radio button beside your choice.

These questions offer a simple choice between two responses. Occasionally, they will also be expressed as a choice between two specific possibilities.

These questions are expecting at least one response, possibly as many as four. Tick boxes are provided for you to choose as many or as few responses as you think appropriate.

In order to score the marks for these questions, you much choose exactly the correct set of responses; there are no partial marks for partially correct responses.

A small number of questions expect a typed response.

Single Answer

True or False Response

Multiple Answers

Typed Responses


Exam Questions (cont.)

These questions only exist in the v6.x exams. the candidate is expected to drag the buttons in the left column onto the responses on the right column. Click the submit button when done.

Drag and Drop


Commencing an Exam

From the list of enrolled exams (typically, you will be enrolled in all exams when you register), choose the exam you wish to attempt.

Once you open your exam, you're requested to confirm all contact details. This includes the name of your supervisor. This person may be contacted at some later time to confirm the exam took place correctly.

Pressing Submit will open the actual exam.

Select Your Exam

Personal Details


Working through the Exam

Having confirmed your details, you are then presented with the exam sections you will encounter. Each of these sections is separately timed and questions in each section, although having equal value, may have different value to questions in other sections.

Typically, there are easy questions worth few marks and hard questions worth more marks. This is your last opportunity to decide you're attempting the wrong exam!

Once you click the Start button (not shown in the graphic) timing commences for the first section.

You will be given the name of the section and advised the value of each section and the total number of marks available in the section. The timer in the top-right corner of the screen commences a count-down.

Click submit at the bottom of the screen to complete the section. You will be warned if there are un-completed questions and the section will not close.

When you click Submit, the section is graded and results given to you. Clearly this is the reason that you cannot return to a section.

Exam Sections

Inside a section

Completing a Section


Completing the Exam

After submitting the final exam section, a screen will be presented inviting you to upload your marks.

Once done, you are advised that your final grade may be seen via the Grades link on the left-side menu. The exam is completed.

Uploading Your Marks

Overview

The first of the CCSE exams is the Configuration Exam. This exam is based around information that is covered in the CitectSCADA Configuration Course.


� The CitectSCADA Environment ........................................... 2-2

� Managing Projects ................................................................. 2-5

� Setting Up Communications.................................................. 2-6

� Graphics................................................................................. 2-7

� Commands and Controls ....................................................... 2-8

� Genies and Supergenies......................................................... 2-9

� Devices ................................................................................ 2-10

� Events .................................................................................. 2-11

� Alarms ................................................................................. 2-12

� Trends .................................................................................. 2-14

� Process Analyst ................................................................... 2-15

� Navigation ........................................................................... 2-16

� Reports................................................................................. 2-17

� Security................................................................................ 2-18

Chapter 2: Configuration Exam Topics

Introduction


The CitectSCADA Environment

The configuration environment consists of a set of tools (applications) you use to build the runtime system. The configuration environment is centred around the Citect Explorer, which is used to create and manage projects.

You use projects to organize your configuration data into logical, well organized, groups. You can design your system to use one or more projects at a time, depending on the modularity of your plant or system.

The configuration environment consists of the Citect Explorer, Project Editor, Graphics Builder, and Cicode Editor.

The computer equipment may need to be upgraded to run Version 7.0, as the minimum hardware requirements have changed:

Description Minimum Specification Processor Intel Pentium 3

Processor Speed 1 GHz

Random Access Memory (RAM) 500MB or 1GB if running Windows Server 2003, or if running a Web Server (2GB if running both Windows Server 2003 and a Web Server)

Available Disk Space 80GB, or 160GB if running a Web Server

Graphics Adapter (see note below)

�

With 64MB of VRAM if using Process Analyst

Description Recommended Specification or Higher Processor Intel Pentium 4

Processor Speed 3.2 GHz

Random Access Memory (RAM) 2GB for all supported operating systems, or 3GB if running a Web Server

Available Disk Space 160GB, or 256GB if running a Web Server

Graphics Adapter (see note below) With 128MB of VRAM if using Process Analyst

� Note:

Due to limitations in the Computer Setup Editor, Project Editor and several input forms in CitectSCADA it is a requirement that screen resolution should be set at 1024 by 768 pixels or higher.

Configuration Environment

Hardware Requirements


The CitectSCADA Environment (cont.)

CitectSCADA Component Minimum System Software CitectSCADA Server Windows 2000 with Service Pack 4

or

Windows XP Professional with Service Pack 2

or

Windows 2003 Standard Edition with Service Pack 1 and Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 (installed with CitectSCADA if required)

Internet Explorer Version 6.0

A Local Area Network (LAN) if multiple clients will have access to the server

CitectSCADA WebServer As for CitectSCADA Server, with the addition of:

A New Technology File System (NTFS)

A LAN running TCP/IP and Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) Version 5.0

or

Apache Tomcat 5.5

Tomcat Administration Tool

Time Scheduler As for CitectSCADA Server

Batch As for CitectSCADA Server

Pocket Server As for CitectSCADA Server, with the addition of:

Microsoft .NET Framework 1.0.

and

Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) Version 5.0.

CitectSCADA Knowledge Base As for CitectSCADA Server

Driver Update Tool As for CitectSCADA Server

� Note:

The target drive for the Web Server software must use an NTFS file system, otherwise full access to the required Windows security settings will not be available (that is, the Folder Properties dialog will not have a Security tab). If the computer is using a FAT/FAT32 system, the drive must be converted to NTFS before installing the Web Server software.

Use these suggested exercises to increase your understanding of the topic.

� Install CitectSCADA Version 7

� Start CitectSCADA and open each of the programs that make up the configuration environment.

� Note which projects are included by default

� View the Include projects

Software Requirements

Suggested Exercises


The CitectSCADA Environment (cont.)

Use the following references to assist your understanding of the topic.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - The CitectSCADA Include project.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Citect Explorer.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Citect Project Editor.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Citect Graphics Builder. � CitectSCADA Help Topic - Cicode Editor.

Further Reading


Managing Projects

The Citect Explorer is the application from which you organise your projects and launch the configuration and run-time applications. Fundamental tasks such as creating, deleting, backing up and restoring projects are all performed in the Citect Explorer.


� Create a new project based on the XP_Style Template

� Backup, Delete and Restore the project. � Create another project and link the first project as an Include project.

� Create a cluster and add Alarm, Report and Trend servers to it.

� Create a new directory in your citect\user folder, and unzip the .ctz file to that folder (by using WinZip, or a similar zipped-file manager). Create a ‘project link’ to that folder .

� Backup your project and use the Save System files option. Use winzip to check which extra files have been saved.


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Creating New Projects.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Including Projects.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Backing Up Projects.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Restoring Projects.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Including Projects.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Rules of Clustering.

� Citect Knowledge Base Article Q1071: Command Line options for CtBackup and CtBack32.

The Citect Explorer

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Setting Up Communications

CitectHMI/SCADA can communicate with many types of control or monitoring I/O Devices - including PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers), loop controllers, bar code readers, scientific analysers, remote terminal units (RTUs), and distributed control systems (DCS).

CitectHMI/SCADA communicates directly with the I/O Devices in your plant or factory, allowing data transfer to or from the device and supervisory control of the system.

The Express Communications Wizard enables you to quickly set up communication with a new or existing I/O Device.

Each CitectHMI/SCADA project will need to have at least one I/O Server defined for it to communicate to I/O Devices. Each I/O Device will need to be set up in CitectHMI/SCADA with an appropriate communications protocol and settings and any interface boards and communications ports in the computer will also have to be defined.

Stepping through the Express Communications Wizard defines the:

� I/O Server names

� interface Boards in the computer

� communications Ports on the boards � I/O Devices attached to the ports

Variable Tags define the data that is transferred between the I/O Device and the CitectHMI/SCADA I/O Server. Each Variable Tag is defined with a unique name, a data type, an address and an associated I/O Device.


� Use the Express Communications Wizard to set up a Disk I/O Device that uses the Generic protocol.

� Set up some Digital, Integer and Real tags.

� Use Excel to add more tags and save the variable tags file using the save_dbf.xls macro.

� Set up your computer as a Stand-alone Server.


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Projects. � CitectSCADA Help Topic - Communicating with I/O Devices.

Communicating with I/O Devices

Variable Tags

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Graphics

A CitectSCADA runtime system usually comprises a series of graphics pages that display on your computer screen(s) and provide a "window into the process." You can design your pages to provide your operators with control of an area (or all) of your plant. Your graphics pages can also display the status of your plant by using various graphical items known as objects.

The graphics pages are one of the principle components of a Citect system. They are the interface to plant operators, and can be designed to display data as well as to accept operator input.

True Color support allows CitectSCADA users to create graphically rich display pages more easily by supporting 24-bit colour.

True Color is supported for all animation objects and static objects, including page backgrounds, imported images, symbols, metafiles, and bitmaps. The flash rate of flashing colours defaults to 1 second, and is user-configurable via a .ini file parameter.


� Create a new page and add these objects

- Ellipse

- Circle

- Rectangle

- Square

- Symbol

- ActiveX

� Add dynamic properties to the objects so that they will display the values of tags

� Create a fill rectangle

� Edit colours using the Swap Colours and Adjust Colours tools


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Using Objects. � CitectSCADA Help Topic - Object Properties.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Manipulating Objects.

Pages

True Color Support

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Commands and Controls

Commands and controls allow operators to interact with the CitectHMI/SCADA runtime system. There are three types of commands and controls:

� Slider controls that an operator can use to change the values of analog variables.

� Touch commands that an operator can issue by clicking on an object with the mouse.

� Keyboard commands that an operator can issue by typing instructions on the keyboard.

You can assign privileges and areas to commands and controls and you can also send a message to a log each time an operator issues a command.


� Define a key sequence on a numeric object to change the value of an integer.

� Add a slider to an object to change the value of a real tag.

� Add a toggle command to an object to change the state of a digital tag.


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Defining Commands and Controls. � CitectSCADA Help Topic - Keyboard Commands.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Touch Commands.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Slider Commands.

Allow Operators to Interact with the System

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Genies and Supergenies

Usually each graphical object on a graphics page is configured individually. With a genie, you can combine several related objects into a group and store the group in a genie library (similar to a symbol library). The genie can then be used as if it was a single object (pasted, moved, resized, etc.) and the elements of the genie are then configured collectively.

All types of graphic objects and their configuration data can be stored with the genie. For example, you can define a genie for a start/stop controller (with a start button, a stop button and an indication lamp), and use the same genie for all equipment (pumps, conveyors, etc.) that use that type of controller. When you use the genie you only need to specify the information that is unique to that particular pump or conveyor (i.e. the variable tag).

Popup pages and super genies are dynamic pages to that you can use to pass information when the page displays in the runtime system. You can use them for pop-up type controllers for a process or a single piece of plant floor equipment. The same page can then be re-used with different sets of tags. For example you could configure a graphics page with several pumps, and use a super genie pop-up controller for each of the pumps on the page.

In most cases where you use a popup page, you use it in association with a genie.


� Create a new Genie that will display the status of a digital tag.

� Check that the genie substitution has occurred correctly.

� Create a popup page that will control a digital tag. Call the popup page from a genie using the AssPopup() function. Make sure the popup page is a system file. Repeat the exercise using the WinNewAt() function.


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Using Genies and Supergenies.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Defining Substitutions for Genies.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Defining Substitutions for Supergenies.

� Citect Knowledge Base Article Q1724: SuperGenies on Pages and Templates.

Genies

Popup Pages and Supergenies

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Devices

A Device is an interface used to transfer high-level data (such as a report, command log or alarm log) between CitectHMI/SCADA and other elements (such as a printer, database, RTF file, or ASCII file) in your CitectHMI/SCADA system. Devices are similar to I/O Devices in that they both allow CitectHMI/SCADA to exchange data with other components in your control and monitoring system.


� Set up a device that will log operator commands into a text file. Configure the device to create seven history files and to roll over at midnight.


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Printer and ASCII devices format.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Configuring Devices.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - dBASE and SQL database devices format.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Configuring Devices.

Transferring High Level Data

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Events

You can use an Event to trigger an action such as a command or set of commands. For example, an operator can be notified when a process is complete, or a series of instructions can be executed when a process reaches a certain stage.

� You can run an event by the following methods:

- Automatically at a specified time and period

- Automatically when a trigger condition becomes TRUE

- Automatically when a trigger condition is TRUE at a specified time and period

Events must be enabled for events to run. Use the Citect Computer Setup Wizard (Custom setup) to enable Events. If using CitectSCADA on a network, you can process events on any CitectSCADA computer (or all computers).


� Define an event to change the value of an integer every five seconds to a random number between 70 and 75.

� Define an event to toggle a digital tag when the value of an integer tag drops below 80.


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Configuring Events.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Specifying times and periods.

Events Trigger an Action

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Alarms

Protection of valuable plant equipment is a central feature of your CitectHMI/SCADA system. The CitectHMI/SCADA alarm facility constantly monitors equipment and alerts operators of any equipment fault or alarm condition.

CitectHMI/SCADA supports two types of alarms:

� Hardware Alarms

CitectHMI/SCADA continually runs diagnostic routines to check all peripheral equipment, such as I/O Devices. All faults are reported automatically to the operator. This facility is fully integrated within CitectHMI/SCADA – no configuration is necessary.

� Configured Alarms

Unlike hardware alarms, you must configure the alarms that report fault conditions in your plant (for example, when a tank level is too high or when a motor overheats).


� Define a digital alarm, an analog alarm, an advanced alarm and a time-stamped alarm, each in a different category.

� Define in your alarm category to show the state of the alarm on the alarm page, and the millisecond value of the timestamped alarms.

� Use the standard alarm logging device to log alarm state changes.

� Create a alarm, hardware, disabled and a summary alarm page.

� Put buttons on the alarm page, to filter by alarm category. (Use AlarmSetInfo())

� Put a button on the alarm page, to allow filtering by alarm name. (use AlarmSetQuery())

� Cofigure an Alarm server to publish Alarm tags, and use the alarm as tags to show the threshold of the analog alarm on a page.

� Create a system keyboard command to disable an alarm. Observe what happens with the acknowledge state when you re-enable an alarm (via another keyboard command).

Alarm Types

Suggested Exercises


Alarms (cont.)


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - [Alarm] parameters.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Alarm Categories.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Digital Alarms.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Multi-Digital Alarms.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Time-stamped Alarms.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Analog Alarms.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Advanced Alarms.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Formatting an Alarm Display.

� Citect Knowledge Base Article Q1136: How Citect handles Alarm Server Redundancy.

� Citect Knowledge Base Article Q2003: Understanding the Alarm Summary System.

� Citect Knowledge Base Article Q2982: Alarm Property Tag Rules.

� Citect Knowledge Base Article Q3218: Using user events in the Alarm Summary page.

Further Reading


Trends

A visual representation of past and current activity improves understanding of the plant’s performance. With a trend graph, you can display the values of a variable (or process) in graphical format. As these values change over time, the graph moves across the page so that the latest values are always displayed.

You can also scroll back through historical data to display past values of the variable (or process). Historical data collection continues even when the display is not active. You can switch between pages without affecting trend graphs.

You can trend any single variable or Cicode expression. You can display any number of trends on the screen simultaneously, and display the trends of up to eight variables in any trend window.

CitectHMI/SCADA provides three types of trends: Periodic, Event, and Periodic Event.

Instant Trends gives the user the ability to “watch” any integer or digital CitectSCADA variable tags in a popup trend window. Unlike pre-defined trend tags, instant-trending of the variable tag begins when the window is displayed, and ends when the window is closed, and does not require configuring at design time. Instant Trends require the project CSV_InstantTrend to be included in the main project.


� Define a trend tag of each different trend type (periodic, event, periodic event) with a 1s sample time, and 10 history files of 10 minutes each.

� Calculate the amount of storage space that will be needed for those trends

� Create pages to show these trend tags, using the default trend templates. Also show the underlying tags on that page, so that you can change values at runtime.

� Start up the project, generate some events to trigger the event trend and the event periodic trend

� Observe the scaling of the trends

� Display some Instant Trends.


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Trending Data.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Trend Graphs.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Using Trend History Files.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Setting Up Instant Trending.

Values in Graphical Format

Instant Trends

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Process Analyst

The CitectSCADA Process Analyst is an ActiveX control designed to allow operators to view trend data from a CitectSCADA trend server, and alarm tag data from a CitectSCADA alarm server. The Process Analyst provides a visual means to analyse and compare trend data (real-time and historical) in a more intuitive manner than CitectSCADA's trend templates.


� Create a new page and add a Process Analyst Active X object to the page.

� Add Trends and Alarms to the Process Analyst

� Save the View � Drag the Analyst pane to the left and right to view values through time.

� Add another instance of the same trend tag to the Process Analyst. Unlock the pens and compare the value of the trend to the values of the same trend at another time.


� Process Analyst Help - All of it! This is a separate Help file, access it via the front page of the main Help.

Active X Control

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Navigation

Projects based on the XP Style have built in menus. The content of the menus can be configured via the Menu Configuration tool, which is launched from the Citect Configuration panel of the Admin Tools page. This panel is accessed during the project runtime.

When the contents of this table are changed by the user, the new configuration is saved in the Menu.dbf file in the project directory.


� Add a new menu page to the menu system using the Menu Configuration Tool. � Create a Process Analyst page and move the page into the Trends menu.

� Change your Home button to display a page of your choice.


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Menu Configuration tool.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - [Navigation] parameters.

Menu Configuration Tool

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Reports

You can request regular reports on the status of the plant and reports to provide information about special conditions in the plant. Reports can be run on a request basis, at specified times, or when certain events occur (such as a change of state in a bit address). Reports can also include Cicode statements that execute when the report runs.


� Make an rtf report, use WordPad as the report format file editor, and send the output to an ASCII device. Show the values of the three tags and the current time and date in the report.

� Create page with a button to run the report. � Create another page to show the generated rtf report.

� Create scroll buttons to view the report.


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Reporting Information.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - [Report] parameters.

� Citect Knowledge base, article Q2908: Writing Reports to dBASE Files

� Citect Knowledge base, article Q2588: Running a Report from an Alarm On Action Event

� Citect Knowledge base, article Q2361: RTF Formatted Reports - Hints and Tips

� Citect Knowledge base, article Q1213: Error 'Maximum report size exceeded'

Report Plant Status

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading


Security

For large applications, or applications where access to certain processes or machinery must be restricted, you can build security into your system. You can then restrict access to commands that should not be available to all your operators; for example, commands that operate specialized machinery, acknowledge critical alarms, or print sensitive reports.

You can assign a separate password to each of your operators (or class of operators), that must be entered before the operator can use the system.


� Define 2 users, one with global privilege 1 and one with global privilege 2.

� Create a page with two buttons to change the value of the integer tag. Configure one with privilege one and one with privilege 2. Create also a button to call the UserLoginForm(). Test this page.

� Now assign this page to area 1. Copy the page, and assign the other page to area 2.

� Can both users view both pages?

� Add a user that has no global privilege, but only privilege 1 in area 1. Test which pages he can see, ad which buttons he can operate.

� Create two analog alarms, one in area 1 and one in area 2. Create a standard alarm page and add graphic objects that allow you to trigger the two alarms.

� Test which alarms user 1, 2 and 3 can see on the alarm page.


� CitectSCADA Help Topic - Using Security.

� CitectSCADA Help Topic - [Privilege] parameters.

� Citect Knowledge Base Article Q1163: Check for Alarms in other Areas.

� Citect Knowledge Base Article Q1447: Number of unique Privilege levels in Citect.

� Citect Knowledge Base Article Q2497: User Records in Include Projects.

In Built Security

Suggested Exercises

Further Reading

Overview

The Knowledge Base contains three navigational tools to help you quickly find relevant information:

� Contents - so you can always find the start and also lists the Latest Articles.

� Index - Lists all articles in numeric order

� Search - the quickest way to find relevant articles. It allows you to query all of the text in the entire Citect Knowledge Base.


� Searching ...............................................................................3-2

Chapter 3: Navigating the Knowledge Base

Introduction


Searching

Learning about effective queries will help you to locate relevant articles. The simplest query consists of just one word. For example, to find articles about alarm pages, you could enter the word alarm. This query would return a list of all articles that contain the word 'alarm'. If the query word is common, a large number of articles will be displayed, and you may need to further narrow your search.

To narrow your search, enter more than one word. For example, to find articles about alarm pages, you could enter the words alarm page. This query would return all articles that contain both the words 'alarm' and 'page'. Some search engines require the keyword AND to be used for this kind of search - it is not necessary here.

Customise your queries with the NEAR, NOT and OR keyword operators. For example, the query alarms page not hardware, would exclude an article about the "hardware alarms page".

Put quotation marks around keywords if you want to search for a literal expression. For example, searching for "alarm page" would find articles that contain that exact phrase. This can be quite useful if you need to use a keyword in your search. For example, "exclusive or" contains the keyword OR, and would cause an error without the quotes.

Use wild cards (* and ?) where you are uncertain about the form of a word. For example, if you are uncertain about whether to search for "alarms", "alarm", or "alarming", search instead for alarm*. The ? is similar, but works only for one character.

Search Queries

Enter Multiple Words

Operators

Literal Phrases

Wild Cards

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