Unit 7Conditionals

Conditionals: Type 0,1,2 and 3Conditional sentence is consisted from

من الشرطية الجملة تتكون1) The If clause( الشرطية ( العبارة “If + subject + verb”2) The Main clause ( الشرط ( جواب “Subject + verb”• Conditionals express different degree of

reality

Types of Conditional sentences 1) Type Zero: If / when + sub + present simple, sub +

present simple This pattern means that one thing always

follows automatically from another.الحدوث ) ( دائم

It is used with facts and instructions.والتعليمات ) الحقائق مع ( يستخدم

Ex.:- If you heat a metal , it expands.

Ex.:- When you press the button, the machine works.

Ex.:- When I reverse the car, it makes a funny noise.

Ex.:- If you boil water, it evaporates.

Q) Fill in the blanks:-

1) When it snows, nobody ……………….to school. ( come )

2) When the sun …………….., birds start singing. ( rise )

3) If you boil water, it ……………….. gas. ( turn into )

4) If Ali ………………the red button, the machine turns off. ( press )

5) If the babies ………………., it means they are hungry. ( cry )

Answers:-

1) When it snows, nobody ……………….to school. ( come )

2) When the sun …………….., birds start singing. ( rise )

3) If you boil water, it ……………….. gas. ( turn into )

4) If Ali ………………the red button, the machine turns off. ( press )

5) If the babies ………………., it means they are hungry. ( cry )

comes

rises

turns into

presses

cry

2) Type 1:• If + sub + present simple, sub + modal verb + inf. ( will / can / may )

• This pattern means that one thing may follow from another ( possible to happen )

الحدوث ) ( احتماليةHints: ( may , possible , be likely to , be expected to )Ex.:- Sami may learn French so he may go to France.- If Sami learns French, he may go to France.

Ex.:- If it rains, the reception will take place indoors.Ex.:- If we don’t hurry, we will miss the train.Ex.:- The milk will go off if you leave it outside for a long time.Ex.:- You will succeed if you study hard.--------------------------------------------------------------------Rewrite : Ex.:- I may call Ahmed so he may come.-If I call Ahmed, he may come.

Ex.:- Rami is expected to go to Jordan and visit Patra.-If Rami goes to Jordan, he will visit Patra.

Ex.:- She may clean the house so she can come.- If she cleans the house, she may come.

Q) Fill in the blanks:

1) If you want to build a house, you ………………… a pool, too.(build)

2) If Nelly ……………. her book, she can study her exam. ( find )

3) If they win the match, they ………………….in the finals. ( play )

Q) Rewrite the following sentences using the conditionals:

3) Khalil may leave early today so he can attend the meeting.

2) Sue is likely to drink tea so she may come late.

3) Ibrahim is expected to win the first prize so he may buy the car.

Q) Fill in the blanks:

1) If you want to build a house, you ………………… a pool, too.(build)

2) If Nelly ……………. her book, she can study her exam. ( find )

3) If they win the match, they ………………….in the finals. ( play )

Q) Rewrite the following sentences using the conditionals:

3) Khalil may leave early today so he can attend the meeting.

2) Sue is likely to drink tea so she may come late.

3) Ibrahim is expected to win the first prize so he may buy the car.

may build

finds

can play

- If Khalil leaves early today, he can attend the meeting.- If Sue drinks tea, she may come late.

- If Ibrahim wins the first prize, he may buy the car.

3) Type 2:• If + sub + past simple, sub + past modal + inf. ( would / could / might )• This pattern expresses imaginary action or theoretical possibility.

( * نظريا الحدوث احتمالية أو خيالي ( وضعHints: ( present simple negative or positive ) Negative rule: 1) The two clauses negative turn into

positive2) The two clauses positive turn into

negative3) One is negative and the other is positive

One is positive and the other is negative

• If we find in the sentence because / when this means that the if clause is the phrase follows those words.• We use were with singular subject.• We use did not when there is no helping verb.------------------------------------------------------------Ex.:- If you studied, you would succeed.Ex.:- If I had lots of money, I would travel round the world.Ex.:- If I had a light, I could see what I am doing.Ex.: If a hurricane hit Palestine, what would you do?

Rewrite:Ex.:- She does not cook well so we do not eat her food.-If she cooked well, we would eat her food.

Ex.:- He is not here so he does not help us.-If he were here, he would help us.

Ex.:- She is busy so she does not study.-If she were not busy, she would study.

Ex.:- The boy does not study because he is tired.-If the boy were not tired, he would study.

Ex.:- The baby cries when her mother comes late.- If her mother did not come late, the baby would not cry.

Q) Fill in the blanks:

1) If Sam ………….rich, he would buy a big farm. ( be )

2) If the boys came today, they ……………………questions about the exam. ( ask )

Q) Rewrite the following sentences using conditionals:

1 ) We practice everyday so we win the match.

2) They are not so tall so they cannot play basketball.

3) Ali is not absent so he attends the party.

4) Sami does not work on Monday because he travels to Ramallah.

Q) Fill in the blanks:

1) If Sam ………….rich, he would buy a big farm. ( be )

2) If the boys came today, they ……………………questions about the exam. ( ask )

Q) Rewrite the following sentences using conditionals:

1 ) We practice everyday so we win the match.

2) They are not so tall so they cannot play basketball.

3) Ali is not absent so he attends the party.

4) Sami does not work on Monday because he travels to Ramallah.

were

would ask

- If we did not practice everyday, we would not win the match.- If they were so tall, they could play basketball.

- If Ali were absent, he might not attend the party.

- If Sami did not travel to Ramallah, he would work on Monday.

4) Type 3:• If + sub + had + past perfect, sub + past modal + ( would / could / might ) have + past participle

• This pattern is used to express unreal situation / something that is contrary to past.

الماضي / ) مع يتعارض حدث عن للتعبير يستخدمالحدوث ( مستحيل

• Hints: ( Past simple negative or positive )• Negative rule: ( the same as type 2 )• When / because: ( the same as type 2 )

Ex.:- If you studied hard, you would have succeeded.

Ex.:- If you had taken a taxi, you would got here in time.

Ex.:- If I had phoned to renew the books, I would not have had to pay a fine.

Ex.:- The man would have died if the ambulance had not arrived so quickly.

Rewrite:Ex.:- I did not study so I did not pass the exam.-If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

Ex.:- Ali was sick so he did not come to school.-If Ali had not been sick, he would have come to school.

Ex.: We thanked him because he helped us.- If he had not helped us, we would not have thanked him.

Q) Fill in the blanks:

1) If they had not cut the wire, they ………………………………...the party. ( enjoy )

2) If Sam ……………….careful while he was driving, he would not have had an accident. ( be )

Q) Rewrite the following sentences using conditionals:

1) The TV did not broadcast the program tonight so we felt bad.

2) They expected the trouble so they were ready for it.

3) Wael did not tell Ali’s father, so he did not punish him.

4) Sam did not pay the bill because he lost his wallet.

Q) Fill in the blanks:

1) If they had not cut the wire, they ………………………………...the party. ( enjoy )

2) If Sam ……………….careful while he was driving, he would not have had an accident. ( be )

Q) Rewrite the following sentences using conditionals:

1) The TV did not broadcast the program tonight so we felt bad.

2) They expected the trouble so they were ready for it.

3) Wael did not tell Ali’s father, so he did not punish him.

4) Sam did not pay the bill because he lost his wallet.

would have enjoyed

had been

If the TV had broadcasted the program tonight, we would not have felt bad

If they had not expected the trouble, they would not have been ready for it.

If Wael had told Ali’s father, he would have punished him.

If Sam had not lost his wallet, he would have paid the bill.

Unless: ( لم ( إذا• It means “if ….. not”.• Unless is used with Type zero and Type 1 only.• When to use unless:1) The if clause and the main clause are

negative we delete “not” from the if clause.

Ex.:- If he does not have a license, he cannot drive.

- Unless he has a license, he cannot drive.

2) The if clause and the main clause are positive we add “not” to the main clause only.

Ex.:- If Musa reaches early, he will eat his dinner.

- Unless Musa reaches early, he will not eat his dinner.

3) The if clause is negative and the main clause is positive We delete “not” from the if clause only.

Ex.:- If you do not eat enough, you will die.-Unless you eat enough, you will die----------------------------------------------------------------

Q) Rewrite the following using Unless:

1) If Ali does not take his medicine, he will get sick again.

2) If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go on a trip.

3) If he does not study hard, he will not pass the test.

Q) Rewrite the following using Unless:

1) If Ali does not take his medicine, he will get sick again.

2) If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go on a trip.

3) If he does not study hard, he will not pass the test.

Unless Ali takes his medicine, he will get sick again.

Unless it is sunny tomorrow, we will not go on a trip.Unless he studies hard, he will not pass the test.