CONDENSATION

Chapter 17Test 4 material

End

CLOUDS ARE THE VISIBLE PRODUCTS OF CONDENSATION AND DEPOSITION WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERE.

WE NEED A NUCLEI AS A SURFACE FOR CONDENSATION TO TAKE PLACE

CONDENSATION NUCLEI

FOREST FIRES VOLCANOES WIND EROSION SEA WAVES POLLEN CHIMNEY SMOKE

CLOUDS

ARE VISIBLE EVIDENCE OF MOISTURE WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERE

CLASSIFIED BY THEIR APPEARANCE AND THEIR ALTITUDE ABOVE THE SURFACE

BY APPEARANCE

CIRRUS OR CIRRO = FEATHERY STRATUS OR STRATO = LAYERED CUMULUS OR CUMULO = PUFFY NIMBO OR NIMBUS = RAIN FRACTO OR FRACTUS = BROKEN

HIGH CLOUDS

FOUND AT ALTITUDES ABOVE 20,000 FEET

TEMPERATURES ARE SO LOW THAT CLOUDS ARE COMPOSED SOLELY OF ICE CRYSTALS

PREFIX CIRRO DENOTES HIGH CLOUD

TYPES OF HIGH CLOUDS

CIRRUS - ALSO CALLED MARE’S TAILS BECAUSE THEY LOOK LIKE STRANDS OF HORSE HAIR

HIGH CLOUD

CIRROSTRATUS - ARE NEARLY TRANSPARENT SO THAT SUN OR MOON SHINES THROUGH

OFTEN SEE HALO AROUND THEM WHICH CAN BE PREDICTOR OF RAIN BECAUSE THESE ARE CLOUDS SEEN PRECEDING A WARM FRONT

CIRROSTATUS

HIGH CLOUD

CIRROCUMULUS - CONSIST OF SMALL WHITE PUFFS ARRANGED IN A WAVELIKE PATTERN

CALLED A MACKERAL SKY BECAUSE IT LOOKS SIMILAR TO FISH SCALES

MIDDLE CLOUDS

HAVE A BASE BETWEEN 6,500 TO 20,000 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE

COMPOSED OF ICE CRYSTALS OR SUPERCOOLED WATER DROPLETS OR BOTH

PREFIX ALTO IS USED TO DENOTE MIDDLE CLOUD

MIDDLE CLOUDS

ALTO STRATUS - UNIFORMLY GRAY OR WHITE AND USUALLY SO THICK THAT SUN IS DIMLY VISIBLE (SAID TO LOOK LIKE FROSTED GLASS)

CAN DISTINGUISH THESE FROM CIRRO STRATUS (SHADOW ON GROUND) BECAUSE THERE WOULD BE NO SHADOW

MIDDLE CLOUDS

ALTOCUMULUS - CONSIST OF PATCHES THAT FORM LINES OR WAVES

HAVE LARGER SIZE AND SHARPER FEATURES THAN CIRROCUMULUS

LOW CLOUDS

HAVE BASES FROM THE EARTH SURFACE (FOG) TO 6,500 FEET ABOVE SURFACE

COMPOSED OF WATER DROPLETS NO PREFIX DESIGNATION

LOW CLOUDS

STRATOCUMULUS - CONSIST OF LARGE PUFFS ARRANGED IN LAYERS

NIMBOSTRATUS - DARK GRAY CLOUDS THAT GO FROM HORIZON TO HORIZON AND CONTAIN PRECIPITATION

LOW CLOUDS

STRATUS - OCCUR AS A UNIFORM GRAY LAYER THAT STRECHES FROM HORIZON TO HORIZON

MAY GET DRIZZLE FROM THESE CLOUDS

FOGS

ADVECTION - WARM MOIST AIR OVER A WATER SURFACE BLOWS OVER A COOLER LAND SURFACE (ALSO KNOWN AS COASTAL FOG)

RADIATION - DUE TO NIGHT-TIME RADIATIONAL COOLING. FOUND IN LOW-LYING AREAS AND BURNS OFF BY AM

Advection fog

Radiation fog

FOGS

FRONTAL - DUE TO UPLIFTING OF AIR ALONG THE PASSAGE OF FRONTS. CAN BE WIDESPREAD AND LONG LASTING.

UPSLOPE - OCCURS AS AIR MOVES UP A SLOPE. SMOKEY MOUNTAINS

Upslope fog

FOGS

STEAM - ALSO KNOWN AS EVAPORATION FOG. FOUND OVER WATERBODIES IN FALL OR EARLY WINTER AS WATER TEMPERATURE IS HIGHER THAN SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURES

Steam fog

CLOUDS OF VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT

CUMULUS - OCCURS AS AIR RISES VERTICALLY TO ABOUT 3000-6500 FEET.

RESEMBLE PUFFS OR COTTON BALLS

CAN GO THROUGH STAGES OF VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT AS UNSTABLE AIR RISES

CUMULONIMBUS

UNUSUAL CLOUDS

ALTOCUMULUS LENTICULARIS - ALSO KNOWN AS LENTICULAR CLOUD AND FOUND NEAR MOUNTAIN RANGES.

BANNER - DRAPED OVER THE TOP OF MOUNTAIN LIKE A FLAG

CONTRAIL

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION

VIRGA MIST DRIZZLE - STRATUS RAIN - NIMBOSTRATUS OR

CUMULONIMBUS FREEZING RAIN (GLAZE)

VIRGA

SLEET SNOW HAIL

HOW DOES IT RAIN?

COLLISION-COALESCENCE BERGERON PROCESS

Rain

SNOW

HEXAGONAL NEEDLES DENDRITES PLATES COLUMNS SIZE DEPENDS UPON TEMPERATURE TOO COLD OR TOO WARM? 10 INCHES SNOW= 1 INCH RAIN

HAIL

RANGE IN SIZE FROM A PEA TO AS LARGE AS A GRAPEFRUIT

2 POUNDS AND AS LARGE AS A SOFTBALL

SOMETIMES USE SNOWPLOWS TO CLEAR HAIL FROM HIGHWAYS (18 INCHES OF HAIL) IN GREAT PLAINS

GIANT HAIL STONE

WEATHER MODIFICATION

ANY CHANGE IN WEATHER THAT IS INDUCED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY

MAY BE EITHER INTENTIONAL OR INADVERTENT

CLOUD SEEDING

TRY TO SIMULATE THE BERGERON PROCESS BY INJECTING NUCLEATING AGENTS SUCH AS SILVER IODIDE INTO CLOUDS

FOG DISPERSAL

USED TO BURN OFF FOG IN WORLD WAR II BY ROYAL AIR FORCE (RAF) ALONG RUNWAYS

MAY ALSO SEED CLOUDS TO GET RAIN WHICH WASHES AWAY FOG

HAIL SUPPRESSION

CHURCH BELLS HAIL CANNONS ROCKETS CLOUD SEEDING NOT VERY SUCCESSFUL

FROST AND FREEZE CONTROL

WHERE CROPS ARE PLANTED SMOKE OR MIST CLOUDS FANS BURNERS SPRAYING MIST HOT CAPS

TEST 4 REVIEW

Stop fall 2008

TRUE ABOUT OZONE

IT IS A TRACE ELEMENT IN OUR AIR CONCENTRATED IN MESOSPHERE EASY FOR US TO BREATH IT LAYER OF OVER 100 FEET THICK

TRACE ELEMENT

32 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT = ? DEGREES CELSIUS

251 32 0 -40

0

HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT MEANS

HEATS UP QUICKLY LOSES HEAT QUICKLY HOLDS HEAT LONGER NONE OF THESE

HOLDS HEAT LONGER

PRODUCES HALO AROUND SUN OR MOON

CIRROSTRATUS ALTOCUMULUS STRATOCUMULUS ALTOSTRATUS

CIRROSTRATUS

DUE TO NIGHT TIME RADIATIONAL COOLING

ADVECTION FOG RADIATION FOG FRONTAL FOG STEAM FOG

RADIATION FOG

CLOUD WITH HIGHEST CLOUD BASE

STRATUS CUMULONIMBUS ALTOCUMULUS CIRRUS

CIRRUS

USE DALR – IF SURFACE TEMP = 30 - ? AT 2000M

25 20 10 7

10

CALULATE CDD’S IF HI=95 & LOW = 85

35 25 15 0

25

EVAPORATION FROM WATER BODIES IS:

GREATER THAN THAT FROM LAND LESS THAN THAT FROM LAND EQUAL TO THAT FROM LAND NONE OF THESE

GREATER THAN