concrete technology manual
DESCRIPTION
Concrete Technology ManualTRANSCRIPT
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Soil and AsphaltCompaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Basics
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Concrete technology
Internal and external vibrators, inverters, trowels, wet screeds, rebar cutters
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Concrete technology
What is concrete?
Concrete a man-made (artificial) stone
Components a mixture of cement, aggregates and water and often ad-
mixtures (retardants, accelerators, plasticizers, etc.)
Hydration Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water due
to a chemical process known as hydration. The water
reacts with the cement, which bonds the other componentstogether, eventually creating a stone-like material.
Reinforcement Reinforced concrete is concrete in which steel reinforce-
ment bars (rebars") or fibers have been embedded to
strengthen a material that would otherwise not stand the
tensile strengths.
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Concrete technology
Why does concrete need to be vibrated?
Freshly placed, uncompacted concrete is
usually full of entrapped air bubbles.
Concrete will only achieve a high compres-sive strength and density with minimum air
content through the use of mechanicalmeans, i. e. the introduction of high-
frequency (fast, repetitive) vibrations.
Only in this way can concrete meet todays
requirements in terms of strength and
density.
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Concrete technology
Why does concrete need to be vibrated?
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Concrete technology
What actually happens during concrete vibration?
The high-frequency vibrations generatedby the vibrator are transmitted to the
components of the fresh concrete.
Frictional forces between individual
particles are substantially reduced.
A flow process is created.
Air bubbles, excess water and paste
entrapped through capillary action andsurface tensions are released and
escape to the surface.
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Concrete technology
Advantages of concrete vibration
Greater density and homogeneity
Greater compressive strength
Greater durability (e. g. de-icing salt)
Better bond with rebar, particularly in
densely reinforced sections
Better bond between the individually
wet on wet placed layers Improved quality exposed (fair-faced)
surfaces
Makes possible use of drier mixtures,
thus requiring less cement
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibration: t ips and tricks
Know your effective compaction diameter:For practical purposes and as rule of thumb consider the operating
diameter to be approx. 10 times the vibrator head housing diameter.
10 x
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Concrete technology
Maintain correct spacing when compacting large surfaces
correct
wrong
formwork
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Concrete technology
Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls
Internal vibrators with 30 (1.2), 38 (1 ) and 45 mm (1.8) should notbe used due to poor or non-existing overlapping of the effective com-
paction . This will lead to a faulty or uneconomical vibration process.
40 cm30 4538
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Concrete technology
Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls
For greater effective compaction and for more convenient, economicalcompaction (less insertions, less time) preferably use only
vibrators with diameters 57 or 65 mm, provided the rebar allows it.
The concrete will be compacted faultlessly thanks to the overlapping
40 cm6557
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Concrete technology
Layer depths when vibrating f resh concrete
Practical experience has shown thatevenly and horizontally spread
layers of
provide the best results in
concrete compaction.
approx. 50 cm(20 ) thickness
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Soil and AsphaltCompaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Internalvibrators
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators
High frequency
30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm
IRFU IRSEN-FU
38, 45 + 57 mm
IREN
30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm
IRSEN
30, 38, 45, 57k + 57 mm
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators
30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm
IRFU
High frequency internal vibrators advantages
IREN
30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm
High, constant compaction performance
Practical handling
Long-lasting design
Nearly maintenance-free
Protective hose with extra lengths
Low weight
Wide product range
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators
Compressed air
PIR
35, 55 + 75 mm
Modular system
HMS
25, 35, 45, 50, 55 + 65 mm
For occasional concrete applications
Excellent compaction performance
Needs a compressor to operate
Problematic operation during winter season
Flexible through modular design Attractive pricing
High flexible shaft wear
Uncomfortable handling due to rigidity of flexshaft
High manpower costs
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Soil and AsphaltCompaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Externalvibrators
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
External vibrators
usually are firmly attached to the formwork in
precast concrete factories or on job sites
The compacting energy
generated by eccentric weights is transmit-
ted from the vibrator through the formwork
into the concrete.
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
Application areas
typically in precast concrete factories
repetitive elements, such as prefab
columns, walls, beams, etc.
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
Application areas
and on job sites for
elements with compli-
cated designs such ase.g. slanted surfaces
very narrow elements
elements with very
narrowly placed rebar elements with large
openings
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Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
Application areas
modern applications with fair-faced quality
surface finish
where a high quality of the surface isdemanded
where no pockets with fines or air
allowed
where consistent, fine-grained
surfaces required
where individual layers should not be
discernible
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Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
ARFU 36
flexible for individual applications
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
Hungary
Krshegy bridge, the longest interurban bridge in Central Europe
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators
AR 36
flexible for individual applications, here
Rental
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Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Converters
andinverters
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters
1938
Wacker is the first company in the world
to patent and introduce
65 V safety voltage
for internal and later external vibrators
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters
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Concrete technology
Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters
Mechanical converters FU series, e.g. FU 4/200 -> 3,8 kVA
from 20,6 to 69 A, 42 V, 200 Hz output
Inverters (electronic converters) *
FUE series, e.g. FUE 5/042/200 -> 3,8 kVAfrom 6 to 145 A, 42 or 250 V, 200 Hz output
* available for all standard international input voltages and frequencies
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Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Trowels
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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
Surface quality, hard and flat
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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
Bladearm Blades or floating
pan (blade end)Direction of
rotation
Blade angle= 0
First phase 1: Wet surface
Last phase: Plastic to hard
Bladearm
Directionof rotation
Combination or
finishing blades(blade end)
Blade angle= 20 - 30
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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
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Concrete technology
Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
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Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
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Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels
Edging trowelsCT
Troweling - 24(610 mm)
Drives: - Honda 4-cylce engine- Electric drive
Handles - 1 version
Hand-held trowelsCT
Troweling - 36 and 48(915 mm + 1220 mm)
Drives: - Honda 4-cylce engine- Wacker 4-cycle engine- Electric drive
Handles - 6 versions
Ride-on trowelsCRT
Troweling - 2 x 36 , 2 x 48(2 x 915 mm, 2 x 1220 mm)
Drives - Honda 4-cycle engine- Wacker 4-cycle engine- B & S Vanguard 4-cycle engine- Lombardini diesel
Wheel set - integrated in CRT 36
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Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Wet
screeds
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Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed
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Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed
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Concrete technology
Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed
Wet screedP 35
Blade lengths - 1,2 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,4 3,0 3,7 4,3 4,9
Drives - Honda 4-cycle gasoline engineCentrifugal force - 7 settings
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Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Rebar
cutters
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Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters
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Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters
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Concrete technology
On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters
Rebarcutters
RCE 16/230 20/230 25/230 *
RCP 12/230 - 16/230 20/230 25/230 32/230 *
Patented features: Interchangeable head mechanism Various handles
Complete product range for almost all the usual rebar
diameters
Relief valve can be opened without tools (lever)
High cutting performance
Attractive, competitive price
Fixed handle
Only shearing head
Pressure relief valve can only be opened with
separate tool (Allen key) Low operating weight
High cutting performance Cutting : 16 25 mm
Cutting : 12 32 mm
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Soil and Asphalt
Compaction
Demolition
Utility
Concrete Technology
Rebar tying
machine
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Concrete technology
On site rebar t ie-down: Rebar tying machine
Rebar tying machine DF-16
for the quick and ergonomic tying of
reinforcing steel bars (rebar) on the job site.
The purpose of the tie-down is to develop a
stiff skeleton, a so-called reinforcing cage.
Tie-down performance up to: 1000 knots/h
Min. outside diameter: 5 + 6 mm
Max. outside diameter: 16 + 16 mm
Min. clearance reinforcement : 15 20 mm
Tie wires per wire strip: 77
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Concrete technology
On site rebar t ie-down: Rebar tying machine
Rebar tying machine DF-16
for the quick and ergonomic tying of
reinforcing steel bars (rebar) on the job site.
The purpose of the tie-down is to develop a
stiff skeleton, a so-called reinforcing cage.
Dimensions: 720 x 60 x 85 mm
Weight: 2,2 kg
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On site rebar t ie-down: Rebar tying machine
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Concrete technology
On site rebar t ie-down: Rebar tying machine
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On site rebar t ie-down: Rebar tying machine
Tie-down procedure Work sequence
Clearance under rebar: min 15 20 mm
1 2 3 4 5 6
Load tie wire Position BendingFinished knotPullPush
Always position unit vertically