concrete technology (lab manual)

7/25/2019 Concrete Technology (Lab Manual)

1/23

LAB MANUAL

CONCRETE

TECHNOLOGY LAB

COURSE CODE: CEE303 CREDIT UNITS:03

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH


2/23

List of Experie!ts1. FINENESS OF CEMENT

2. NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT

3. INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIMES OF CEMENT

4. SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT

5. SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT

6. FINENESS MODULUS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATE7. SPECIFIC GRAVITY, VOID RATIO, POROSITY AND BULK DENSITY

OF COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES

8. BULKING OF SAND

. !ORKABILITY TESTS ON FRES" CONCRETE

1#.COMPACTION FACTOR TEST

11.TEST FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGT" OF CEMENT CONCRETE


3/23

FINENESS OF CEMENT

(IS: 269-1989 and IS: 4031-1988)

AIM$ To determine the fineness of the given sampe of !ement "# sieving$

APPARATUS$ IS-90 mi!ron sieve !onforming to IS:460-196%& standard "aan!e&'eights&"rsh$

INTRODUCTION$ The fineness of !ement has an important "earing on the rate ofh#drationand hen!e on the rate of gain of strength and aso on the rate of evotion ofheat$ iner !ement offers a greater srfa!e area for h#dration and hen!e the faster andgreater the deveopment of strength$ In!rease in fineness of !ement is aso fond toin!rease the dr#ing shrin*age of !on!rete$ ineness of !ement is tested either "#sieving or "# determination of spe!ifi! srfa!e "# air-permea"iit# apparats$ Spe!ifi!srfa!e is the tota srfa!e area of a the parti!es in one gram of !ement$

FINENESS BY SIEVING$PROCEDURE$

1$ +eigh a!!rate# 100 g of !ement and pa!e it on a standard 90 mi!ron IS sieve$2$ ,rea* do'n an# air-set mps in the !ement sampe 'ith fingers$3$ ontinos# sieve the sampe giving !ir!ar and verti!a motion for a period of

1% mintes$4$ +eigh the reside eft on the sieve$ .s per IS !ode the per!entage reside

shod not e/!eed 10$

PRECAUTIONS$.ir set mps in the !ement sampe are to "e !rshed sing fingers

and not to"e pressed 'ith the sieve$ Sieving sha "e done hoding the sieve in "oth

hands and 'ith gente 'rist motion$ ore or ess !ontinos rotation of the sieve sha"e !arried ot throghot sieving$

OBSERVATIONS$

S.N% &'()*+ % -./01' &'()*+ % '-(') F(''--

+.9'75)6

.verage fineness of !ement

RESULT$ ineness of given sampe of !ement

COMMENTS$


4/23

NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT

(IS: 269 - 1989 and IS: 4031 - 1988 (art 4))

AIM$ To determine the antit# of 'ater reired to prod!e a !ement paste of standard

!onsisten!#$

APPARATUS$ 5i!at apparats (!onforming to IS: %%13 - 196) 'ith pnger (10 mm in

diameter) "aan!e& 'eights& gaging tro'e$

INTRODUCTION$ The standard !onsisten!# of a !ement paste is defined as that!onsisten!#'hi!h 'i permit the vi!at pnger to penetrate to a point % to mm fromthe "ottom of the vi!at mod$ or finding ot initia setting time& fina setting time&sondness of !ement and !ompressive strength of !ement& it is ne!essar# to fi/ theantit# of 'ater to "e mi/ed in !ement in ea!h !ase$ This e/periment is intended tofind ot the antit# of 'ater to "e mi/ed for a given !ement to give a !ement paste ofnorma !onsisten!# and !an "e done 'ith the hep of vi!at apparats$

PROCEDURE$

1. repare a paste of 'eighed antit# of !ement (300 grams) 'ith a 'eighedantit# of pota"e or distied 'ater& starting 'ith 26 'ater of 300g of !ement$

2. Ta*e !are that the time of gaging is not ess than 3 mintes& not more than %mintes and the gaging sha "e !ompeted "efore setting o!!rs$

3$ The gaging time sha "e !onted from the time of adding the 'ater to the dr#!ement nti !ommen!ing to fi the mod$

4. i the vi!at mod 'ith this paste& the mod resting pon a non poros pate$%$ .fter !ompete# fiing the mod& trim off the srfa!e of the paste& ma*ing it in eve

'ith the top of the mod$ The mod ma# sight# "e sha*en to e/pe the air$

6. a!e the test "o!* 'ith the mod& together 'ith the non-poros resting pate& nder

the rod "earing the pnger (10mm diameter)& o'er the pnger gent# to to!h the srfa!e

of the test "o!* and i!*# reease& ao'ing it to penetrate into the paste$

$ This operation sha "e !arried ot immediate# after fiing the mod$8$ repare tria pastes 'ith var#ing per!entages of 'ater and test as des!ri"ed

a"ove nti the amont of 'ater ne!essar# for ma*ing the standard !onsisten!# asdefined a"ove is o"tained$

9. 7/press the amont of 'ater as a per!entage "# 'eight of the dr# !ement$

PRECAUTIONS$ ean appian!es sha "e sed for gaging$ In fiing the mod the operator

hands and the "ade of the gaging tro'e sha aone "e sed$ The temperatre of !ement&

'ater and that of test room& at the time 'hen the a"ove operations are "eing performed& sha

"e 2 2 $ or ea!h repetition of the e/periment fresh !ement is to "e ta*en$

OBSERVATIONS$!'()*+ % :'/'7+ !'()*+ %, &.+'2 P)'

T(/'C%-(-+':; %

S. N% +.9'7 (7 )/- +9' ( )/- 0''++(% :'/'+ (


5/23

RESULT$ orma !onsisten!# for the given sampe of !ement is

COMMENTS$


6/23

INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIMES OF CEMENT

(IS: 269- 1989 and IS: 4031- 1988 part %)

AIM$ To determine the initia and fina setting times for the given sampe of !ement$

APPARATUS$ 5i!at apparats (!onforming to IS: %%13-196) 'ith atta!hments&"aan!e&'eights& gaging tro'e$

INTRODUCTION$ In a!ta !onstr!tion deaing 'ith !ement& mortar or !on!rete& !ertain timeis

reired for mi/ing& transporting and pa!ing$ ring this time !ement paste& mortar& or !on!rete

shod "e in pasti! !ondition$ The time interva for 'hi!h the !ement prod!ts remain in pasti!

!ondition is *no'n as the setting time$ Initia setting time is regarded as the time eapsed

"et'een the moment that the 'ater is added to the !ement to the time that the paste starts

osing its pasti!it#$ The fina setting time is the time eapsed "et'een the moment the 'ater is

added to the !ement& and the time 'hen the paste has !ompete# ost its pasti!it# and has

attained sffi!ient firmness to resist !ertain pressre$ The !onstitents and fineness of !ement is

maintained in s!h a 'a# that the !on!rete remains in pasti! !ondition for !ertain minimm

time$ ;n!e the !on!rete is pa!ed in the fina position& !ompa!ted and finished it shod ose its

pasti!it# in the eariest possi"e time so that it is east vnera"e to damages from e/terna

destr!tive agen!ies$ This time shod not "e more than 10 hors 'hi!h is referred to as fina

setting time$ Initia setting time shod not "e ess than 30 mintes$

PROCEDURE$

reparation of Test ,o!*:1. repare a neat !ement paste "# gaging 300 grams of !ement 'ith 0$8% times

the 'ater reired to give a paste of standard !onsisten!#$2$ ota"e or distied 'ater sha "e sed in preparing the paste$3. The paste sha "e gaged in the manner and nder the !onditions pres!ri"ed in

determination of !onsisten!# of standard !ement paste$4$ Start a stop-'at!h at the instant 'hen 'ater is added to the !ement$%$ i the mod 'ith the !ement paste gaged as a"ove the mod resting on a

nonporos pate$6. i the mod !ompete# and smooth off the srfa!e of the paste ma*ing it eve 'ith

the top of the mod$ The !ement "o!* ths prepared in the mod is the test "o!*$

DETERMINATION OF INITIAL SETTING TIME$1. a!e the test "o!*s !onfined in the mod and rest it on the non-poros pate& nder the

rod "earing initia setting neede& o'er the neede gent# in !onta!t 'ith the srfa!e of the test

"o!* and i!*# reease& ao'ing it to penetrate into the test "o!*$

2. In the "eginning& the neede 'i !ompete# pier!e the test "o!*$3.


7/23

DETERMINATION OF FINAL SETTING TIME$1.


8/23

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT

(IS: 269 -1989 . IS: 4031-1988)

AIM

To determine the spe!ifi! gravit# is norma# defined as the ratio "et'een the 'eight of agiven vome of materia and 'eight of an ea vome of 'ater$To determine thespe!ifi! gravit# of !ement& *erosene 'hi!h does not re!ent 'ith !ement is sed$

APPARATUES

>e haterier?s fas*& 'eighing "aan!e& *erosene (free from 'ater)$

>e haterier?s fas*& is made of thin gass having a "" at the "ottom$ The !apa!it# ofthe "" is near# 2%0 m$ The "" is $8 !m in mean diameter$ The stem is gradated

in miimeters$ The @ero gradation is at a distan!e of 8$8 !m from the top of the ""$ .t2 !m from the @ero& there is another "" is of ength 3$%!m and !apa!it# 1 m$ .t 1 !mfrom ""& the stem is mar*ed 'ith 18 m and is grated p to 24 m$ The portion a"ove24m mar* is in the form of a fnne of diameter %!m$

PROCEDURE

(I) r# the fas* !aref# and fi 'ith *erosene or naphtha to a point on the stem"et'een @ero and 1 m$

(II)


9/23

(v)'eight of ea of 'ater ( 52-51) / spe!ifi! 'eight of 'ater$

Spe!ifi! gravit# of !ement (+eight of !ementA +eight of ea vome of 'ater)

+A(52-51)

NOTE

(I) pi!ate determination of spe!ifi! gravit# shod agree 'ithin 0$01$

(II) To get more a!!rate rest& the fas* shod "e hed in a !onstant temperatre"efore ea!h reading is ta*en$

RESULT

Spe!ifi! gravit# of a sampe of !ement


10/23

SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT

(IS 269-1989 . IS 4031-1988 .


11/23

FINENESS MODULUS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATE

AIM$ To determine the fineness mods of given fine and !oarse aggregates$

APPARATUS$ IS test sieves& sare hoe perforated pate %mm& 40mm& 20mm&

10mm& and fine 'ire !oth of 4800& 2400& 1200& 600& 300& and 1%0 i!rons$ +eighing"aan!e (Sensitivit# 0$1 per!ent) sieve sha*er& tra# pates$

INTRODUCTION$ ine aggregate is sand sed in mortars$ oarse aggregate is "ro*en stone

sed in !on!rete$ The si@e of the fine aggregate is imited to ma/imm 4$% mm (4800 mi!rons)

"e#ond 'hi!h it is *no'n as !oarse aggregate$ ineness mods is on# a nmeri!a inde/ of

fineness& giving some idea a"ot& the mean si@e of the parti!es in the entire "od# of !on!rete$

etermination of fineness mods is !onsidered as a method of standardi@ation of grading of

aggregates i$e$ the main o"De!t of finding fineness mods is to grade the given aggregate for

the most e!onomi!a mi/ and 'or*a"iit# 'ith minimm antit# of !ement$ It is o"tained "#

sieving *no'n 'eight of given aggregate in a set of standard sieves and "# adding the per!ent

'eight of materia retained on a the sieves and dividing the tota per!entage "# 100$

PROCEDURE$C%-' ))')+'$

1.Ta*e %Egs of !oarse aggregate (nomina si@e 20mm) from the sampe "# artering$

2. arr# ot sieving "# hand& sha*e ea!h sieve in order %mm &40mm& 20mm&10mm& and oFs 480& 240& 120& 60& 30& G 1% over a !ean dr# tra# for a period ofnot ess than 2 mintes$

3. The sha*ing is done 'ith a varied motion "a!*'ard and for'ard& eft to right&!ir!ar& !o!*'ise and anti!o!*'ise and 'ith freent Darring$

4.So that materia is *ept moving over the sieve srfa!e in freent# !hanging dire!tions$

%$ ind the 'eight retained on ea!h sieve ta*en in orderF(' ))')+'$

1$ Ta*e 1 Eg of sand from sampe "# artering in !ean dr# pate$2..rrange the sieves in order of o$ 480& 240& 120& 60& 30 and 1% *eeping sieve 480 at top

and 1% at "ottom$3$ i/ them in the sieve sha*ing ma!hine 'ith the pan at the "ottom and !over at the top$

4$ Eeep the sand in the top sieve no 480& !arr# ot the sieving in the set of sievesand arranged "efore for not ess than 10 mintes$

%$ ind the 'eight retained in ea!h sieve$

OBSERVATIONS$C%-' ))')+'$ +t$ of !oarse aggregate ta*en: Egs$

!'()*+ 8 !'()*+ 8 &'()*+C4/41.+(?'

S.N% S('?' -(@' 8 !'()*+-2'+.(7'3 2'+.(7'3 0--(7)

2'+.(7'3

1$ % mm

2$ 40 mm

3$ 20 mm


12/23

4$ 10 mm%$ 4800 mi!rons

6$ 2400 mi!rons

$ 1200 mi!rons

8$ 600 mi!rons

9$ 300 mi!rons10$1%0 mi!rons

F(7' .))2').+'$ +t$ of fine aggregate ta*en: Egs

!'()*+ 8 !'()*+ 8 &'()*+C4/41.+(?'

S.N% S('?' -(@' 8 !'()*+-2'+.(7'3 2'+.(7'3 0--(7)

2'+.(7'3

1 4800 mi!rons

2 2400 mi!rons

3 1200 mi!rons

4 600 mi!rons% 300 mi!rons

6 1%0 mi!rons

F(''-- M%-$ Sm of mative per!entage +t$ retained A100

PRECAUTIONS$

1$ The sampe shod "e ta*en "# artering$2$ The sieving mst "e done !aref# to prevent the spiing of aggregate$

RESULT$ The fineness mods of given fine aggregate:

The fineness mods of given !oarse aggregate:

COMMENTS$ >imits of fineness mods of aggregates$

M.A(/4/ -(@' %, .))2').+' M((// '+(' M.A(/4/ 2'+.(7'3

ine aggregate 2 3$%

oarse aggregate

20 mm 6 6$9

40 mm 6$9 $%

% m $% 8$0

1%0 mm 8$0 8$%


13/23

SPECIFIC GRAVITY VOID RATIO POROSITY AND BULKDENSITY OF COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES

IS 2386 .


14/23

+3 - +1 A ((+4 - +1)-(+3-+2))

ii) orosit# 5o$ of 5oids A Tota 5o$ of aggregate

H100 +3 - +2 A (+4 - +1) H 100

iii) Spe!ifi! gravit# +2 - +1 A ((+4 - +1) - (+3 - +2))

iv) ,* densit# +2 - +1 A (+4 - +1)

F(' ))')+'$ V%( R+(% 0%%-(+;

1$ Ta*e 1%0 m of dr# sand (v1 m) in !ean measring Dar of 1000 m !apa!it#$2$ .dd a measred antit# of 100 m !ean 'ater to the a"ove sampe (v2 m) i$e$ v2100 m

3$ Sha*e the Dar thorogh# ti a air """es are e/peed$4$ o' note the readings against the top srfa!e of 'ater in the Dar (53 m)

5oid ratio v1 v2 - v3 A v3 - v2orosit# v1 v2 - v3 A v1

S0':((: )?(+; % (' ))')+'-$1$ +eigh the empt# meas(ring Dar of 1000 m !apa!it# +12$ Ta*e the 'eight of empt# measring Dar 'ith 1%0 m of sand

7mpt# Dar sand +23$ Ta*e the 'eight of empt# measring Dar 'ith 1%0 m of sand and 100 m of 'ater

7mpt# Dar sand 'ater +34$


15/23

BULKING OF SAND

AIM$ To as!ertain the "*ing phenomena of given sampe of sand$

APPARATUS$ 1000m measring Dar& "rsh$

INTRODUCTION$ In!rease in vome of sand de to presen!e of moistre is *no'n as "*ing

of sand$ ,*ing is de to the formation of thin fim of 'ater arond the sand grains and the

intero!*ing of air in "et'een the sand grains and the fim of 'ater$ +hen more 'ater is added

sand parti!es get s"merged and vome again "e!omes ea to dr# vome of sand$ To

!ompensate the "*ing effe!t e/tra sand is added in the !on!rete so that the ratio of !oarse to

fine aggregate 'i not !hange from the spe!ified vae$ a/imm in!rease in vome ma# "e

20 to 40 'hen moistre !ontent is % to 10 "# 'eight$ ine sands sho' greater

per!entage of "*ing than !oarse sands 'ith ea per!entage of moistre$

PROCEDURE$

1) Ta*e 1000m measring Dar$2) i it 'ith oose dr# sand pto %00m 'ithot tamping at an# stage of fiing$

3) Then por that sand on a pan and mi/ it thorogh# 'ith 'ater 'hose vome is ea to2 of that of dr# oose sand$

4) i the 'et oose sand in the !ontainer and find the vome of the sand 'hi!h is ine/!ess of the dr# vome of the sand$%)


16/23

RESULT$ The ma/imm "*ing of the given sand is -----------at ----------- of moistre

!ontent$

COMMENTS$


17/23

!ORKABILITY TESTS ON FRES" CONCRETE

A SLUMP TEST

OBECT$ To determine the 'or*a"iit# or !onsisten!# of !on!rete mi/ of givenproportion "#smp test$

APPARATUS$ Iron pan to mi/ !on!rete& 'eighing ma!hine& tro'e smp& !one& s!ae

andtamping rod$

The smp !one is a hoo' frstm made of thin stee sheet 'ith interna dimensions&

as the top diameter 10 !ms$ The "ottom diameter 20 !ms& and height 30!ms$ It stands

on a pane non-poros -rfa!e$ To fa!iitate verti!a ifting from moded !on!rete it isprovided 'ith a sita"e gide atta!hment and sita"e foot pie!es and handes$ The

tamping rod is 16mm$ dia$ 60 !m$ ong and is "et pointed at the o'er end$

T"EORY$ Cnspported !on!rete& 'hen it is fresh& 'i fo' to the sides and a sin*ing in

height'i ta*e pa!e$ This verti!a settement is !aed smp$ Smp is a meas6& 0$

and 0$8$ or ea!h mi/ ta*e 10 Eg$ $.$& % Eg$& . and 2$% Eg$ ement$

1) i/ the dr# !onstitents thorogh# to get a niform !oor and then add 'ater$

2) The interna srfa!e of the mod is to "e thorogh# !eaned and pa!ed on a

smooth& hori@onta& rigid and non a"sor"ent srfa!e$

3) a!e the mi/ed !on!rete in the !eaned smp !one in 4 a#ers ea!h appro/imate#

1A4 in height of the mod$ Tamp ea!h a#er 2% times 'ith tamping rod$

4)


18/23

PRECAUTIONS$

1) The stro*es are to "e niform# appied throgh the entire area of the !on!rete se!tion$

2) The !one shod "e removed ver# so'# "# ifting it p'ards 'ithot distr"ing the!on!rete$

3) ring fiing the mod mst "e firm# pressed against the "ase$

4) 5i"rations from near# ma!hiner# might aso in!rease s"siden!eM hen!e test

shod "e made "e#ond the range of grond vi"rations$

COMMENTS$ This test is not a tre gide to 'or*a"iit#$ or e/ampe& a harsh !oarse

mi/!annot "e said to have same 'or*a"iit# as one 'ith a arge portion of sand even

thogh the# have the same smp$


19/23

COMPACTION FACTOR TEST

OBECT$ To determine the 'or*a"iit# of !on!rete mi/ of given proportion "#

!ompa!tionfa!tor test$

APPARATUS$ ompa!tion fa!tor apparats& tro'e 'eighing ma!hine !oni!a hoppers

monted verti!a# a"ove the !#indri!a mod$ The pper mod has interna dimensions as

top dia 2% !m "ottom dia 12$% !m and height 22$% !m$ The o'er hopper has interna

dimensions& top 22$%!m "ottom dia 12$%!m and height 22$%!m$ The !#inder has interna

dimensions as 1% !m dia and 30!m height$ The dimensions "et'een "ottom of the pper

hopper and top of the o'er hopper& "ottom of the o'er hopper and top of !#inder are 20

!m& ea!h !ase$ The o'er ends of the hoppers are fied 'ith i!* reease trap doors$

T"EORY$ This test is adopted to determine 'or*a"iit# of !on!rete 'here nomina si@eof aggregate does not e/!eed 40 mm$ It is "ased on the definition& that 'or*a"iit# is thatpropert# of !on!rete& 'hi!h determines the amont of 'or* reired to prod!e f

!ompa!tion$ The test !onsists essentia# of app#ing a standard amont of 'or* to

standard antit# of !on!rete and measring the resting !ompa!tion$

The !ompa!tion fa!tor is defined as the ratio of the 'eight of partia# !ompa!ted !on!rete to the

'eight of f# !ompa!ted !on!rete$ It sha "e stated to the nearest se!ond de!ima pa!e$

PROCEDURE$ ond!t test for +A! ratio 0$%& 0$6& 0$& and 0$8& for ea!h mi/ ta*e 10 *g

of!oarse aggregate %*g of fine aggregate and 2$% Eg of !ement$

1$ Nrease the inner srfa!e of the hoppers and the !#inder$

2$ asten the hopper doors$

3$ +eigh the empt# !#inder a!!rate# (+t$ Egs)$

4$ i/ the !#inder on the "ase 'ith f# nts and "ots

%$ i/ !oarse and fine aggregates and !ement dr# nti the mi/tre is niform in !oor

and then 'ith 'ater nti !on!rete appears to "e homogeneos$

6$ i the fresh# mi/ed !on!rete in pper hopper gent# 'ith tro'e 'ithot !ompa!ting$

$


20/23

10$ind the 'eight of !#inder i$e !#inder fied 'ith partia# !ompa!ted !on!rete (+2 *gs)

11$


21/23

Sggested ranges of vaes of !ompa!tion fa!tors fordifferent pa!ing !onditions$

S.No Placing condition Degree of Values of

workability workability

1 Concreting shallow section with Very low 0.75 to 0.80

vibration

2Concreting of lightly reinforcedsection Low 0.8 to 0.85withvibration

Concreting of lightly reinforced

section !edi"# 0.85 to 0.$2witho"t vibration or heavilyreinforcedwithvibration

% Concretingofheavily

reinforced &igh 0.$2 to above

section witho"tvibration


22/23


23/23

In !ase of !#inders& a !orre!tion fa!tor a!!ording to the height to diameter ratio ofspe!imen after !apping sha "e o"tained from the !rve sho'n in fig$ 1 of IS: %16-19%9$The prod!t of this !orre!tion fa!tor and the measred !ompressive strength sha "e*no'n as the !orre!ted !ompressive strength& this "eing the eivaent strength of a!#inder having a heightAdiameter ratio of t'o$ The eivaent !"e strength of the

!on!rete sha "e determined "# mtip#ing the !orre!ted !#inder strength "# %A4$

REPORTING OF RESULTS$

The foo'ing information sha "e in!ded in the report on ea!h test spe!imen:

a) Identifi!ation mar*") ate of test!) .ge of spe!imend) ring !onditions in!ding date of manfa!tre of spe!imen in the fiede) +eight of spe!imenf) imensions of spe!imeng) ompressive strengthh) a/imm oad andi) .ppearan!e of fra!tred fa!es of !on!rete and t#pe of fra!tres if these are nsa

RESULT$ ompressive strength of on!rete --------------$

COMMENTS$

concrete technology (lab manual)

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