concrete pavements : sustainability through durability · concrete pavements : sustainability...
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FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Concrete pavements :
sustainability through durability
André Jasienski
Managing director FEBELCEM
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Sustainable construction
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Sustainability - Durability
UK : Sustainability Sustainable development
Durability Pavement durability
FR : Durabilité Développement durable
Durabilité Durabilité du revêtement
NL : Duurzaamheid Duurzame ontwikkeling
Duurzaamheid Duurzaamheid van de verharding
D : Nachhaltigkeit Nachhaltige Entwicklung
Dauerhaftigkeit Dauerhaftigkeit von die Stra e
ES : Sostenibilidad Desarollo sostenible
Durabilidad Durabilidad del pavimento
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Importance of life-cycle approach
LCA is a method to evaluate the overall environmental impact of a (functional) unit (e.g. 1 m² pavement, 1 km motorway) over the entire life-cycle “from cradle to grave”, following standardized procedures (ISO 14040, ISO 14044).
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Carbon Footprint
The Carbon Footprint is the overall amount ofcarbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhousegas emissions (methane, nitrous oxide,fluorinated gases) associated with a productalong its supply chain, including use and end-of-life recovery and disposal.
= part of a more complete approach (LCA)
If only greenhouse gases were to be considered, this could have a negative effect on other environmental aspects.
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Environmental indicators
Indicator Unit
Primary energy MJ
Water Consumption kg
Natural Resources 10-9 (consumption compared to world reserves)
Wastes t eq
Radioactive wastes dm³
GWP100 (greenhouse gases) kg CO2
Acidification kg SO2
Eutrophication kg PO43-
Ecotoxicity m³ eq. polluted water
Toxicity to humans kg eq. contaminated flesh
O3 smog kg eq. C2H2
Odour m³ eq. air pollution due to ammonia
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Cement production and CO2
1 ton cement 1 ton CO2
1 ton cement 750 kg CO2 (EU average)
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Cement production and CO2
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Embodied energy
Material
Embodied energy
MJ/kg MJ/m³
Concrete 30 MPa -CEM I 1,3 3180
Concrete 40 MPa -CEM I 1,6 3890
Asphalt 3,4 7140
Brick 2,5 5170
Timberwood 2,5 1380
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
LCA – French study on road structures
Study by the “Centre d’Energétique de l’Ecole des Mines de Paris”
Functional unity = 1 km motorway with 2 x (2 lanes + emergency lane)
Lifetime of 30 years, 100 million vehicles, 25 million heavy goods vehicles
Data from Ecole Polytechnique from Zurich (Oekoinventaire) and the University of Karlsruhe (Oekoinstituut Weimar)
Comparison of :
• 4 structures in concrete (plain concrete = slabs, reinforced concrete, different base-layers)
• 1 composite structure (thin bituminous wearing course on continously reinforced concrete)
• 1 asphaltstructure
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Lifetime impact of a road – not including traffic
Comparison plain concrete, reinforced concrete
and asphalt
0,00E+00 1,00E+00 2,00E+00 3,00E+00 4,00E+00 5,00E+00 6,00E+00 7,00E+00
Primary energy (10E+01
TeraJoules)
Water consumption (10E+07 kg)
Natural resources (10E-08)
Wastes (10E+04 t eq)
Radioactif wastes (10E+02 dm³)
GWP100 - greenhouse gases
(10E+06 kg CO2)
Acidification (10E+04 kg SO2)
Eutrophication (10E+03 kg
phosphate ions)
Ecotoxicity (10E+08 m³)
Toxicity to humans
O3-smog (10E+04 kg)
Odour (10E+09 m³)
Jointed plain concrete
CRCP
Asphalt
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Lifetime impact of a plain concrete road –
including traffic
0,00E+00 2,00E+01 4,00E+01 6,00E+01 8,00E+01 1,00E+02 1,20E+02 1,40E+02 1,60E+02
Primary energy (10E+01 TeraJoules)
Water consumption (10E+07 kg)
Natural resources (10E-08)
Wastes (10E+04 t eq)
Radioactif wastes (10E+02 dm³)
GWP100 - greenhouse gases (10E+06
kg CO2)
Acidification (10E+04 kg SO2)
Eutrophication (10E+03 kg phosphate
ions)
Ecotoxicity (10E+08 m³)
Toxicity to humans
O3-smog (10E+04 kg)
Odour (10E+09 m³)Construction, maintenance and end-of-life phasesUsage phase (traffic)
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Fuel savings
A series of four researches by the National Research Council of Canada on
the fuel consumption on asphalt, concrete and composite pavements.
Conclusions of the last phase of the research :
Fuel savings on concrete roads, compared to asphalt roads,
Both for an empty and full tractor-trailer unit,
Ranged from 0,8 to 3,9 %
With statistically significant results
with a reliability of 95 %.
An average fuel saving of 2,35 % allows to compensate the
complete CO2 from cement production in 20 to 30 years lifetime
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Recycling
Concrete can be 100 % recycled
Sub-bases
Base layers (unbound and cement bound aggregate mixtures, lean concrete, roller compacted concrete)
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Recycling
Recycling concrete rubble in pavement quality concrete is perfectly feasible when used as twin course concrete
Up to 60 % in the bottom layer
Example : worksite N49 Zwijndrecht
: first Belgian application of twin
course CRCP with recycled
aggregates in the lower course
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Economic aspects
Minimal maintenance over the longest possible lifetime
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Economic aspects
Comparison of lifecycle cost (construction + maintenance) for motorways in concrete and asphalt
COMPARISON OF PAVEMENT COST
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Years
CO
ST
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EU
RO
S Year
CRC Case 1
CRC Case 2
CRC Case 3
CRC Case 4
Bitum. Case 5
Bitum. case 6
Discount rate 2,6 %
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Economic aspects : price stability
+ importance of local materials (cement vs. bitumen)
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Bitumen Heating oil Cement
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Societal and social benefits
Safety for the road users
- skid resistance
- visibility
- absence of rutting
- no danger of aquaplaning
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Societal and social benefits
Ride comfort for the road users
- evenness
- rolling noise
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Durability through quality
“Long-life pavements” are essential in LCA (environment) and LCCA (economy) and can only be achieved through
QUALITY
- Materials
- Concrete mix (cement, W/C, sand, air)
- Design
- Construction
- Maintenance
“Quality” will be one of the key drivers in the future structure and working of EUPAVE
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Conclusions
- Performance in each of the three fields of sustainable construction :
- Environment
- Economy
- Social and societal importance
- Improvement is still possible through research and study
- No short term gains which might compromize the long term behaviour
Choosing a concrete road is choosing a durable and
sustainable solution
FICEM – Forum of Institutes 12 October 2010
Thank you for your kind attention