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Polycarbonate diol
- Improving polyurethane durability
in adhesives, coatings and pavements
Daniel Hernandes Sales Executive
November 8th, 2012
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Polycarbonate diol
2. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Adhesives
3. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Coatings
4. High-performance of polycarbonate diol-based pavements
5. Conclusions
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Polycarbonate diol
2. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Adhesives
3. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Coatings
4. High-performance of polycarbonate diol-based pavements
5. Conclusions
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Terminal – Backbone – Bridge – Backbone – Terminal
lower reactivity poor hydrolysis resistance low radical oxidation stability
Advantages of polycarbonate diol: Carbonate vs. ester & ether as bridge
Polycarbonate diol Polyester diol Polyether diol
Polyols used in the synthesis of PU
Excellent hydrolytic stability
High chemical resistance
Improved durability
High thermal stability
Good properties at low temperature
High mechanical properties
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As PUD, Environmentally friendly
As PUD, obey VOC regulations: Directive 2004/42/CE of the European Parliament and Council
Similar application procedure than for traditional polyols-based polyurethane coatings and
adhesives.
Good elasticity under deformation
Good durability and transparency
Excellent scratch and abrasion resistance
Uniform and free of defects coatings
Good chemical resistance
Advantages provided by polycarbonate
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Main applications of polycarbonate diol-based PU as adhesives, coatings and pavements
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Main applications of polycarbonate diol-based PU as adhesives, coatings and pavements
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Polyols used in this work
Polycarbonate diol Grade R:R’ Ratio
Homopolymer UH 1,6-hexanediol -
Copolymer PH 1,5-pentanediol : 1,6-hexanediol 1 : 1
Copolymer BH 1,4-butanediol : 1,6-hexanediol 7:3 & 9:1
Copolymer UPH 1,3-propanediol : 1,6-hexanediol 1:1
Copolymer UM 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol : 1,6-hexanediol 1:3, 1:1 & 3:1
Copolymer UHC e-caprolactone : 1,6-hexanediol 1:1
Copolymer UT Polyether : Polycarbonate -
Polyester diol R:R’ Ratio
1,4-butanediol adipate 1,4-butanediol : 1,6-hexanedioic acid 1:1
Polycaprolactone diol e-caprolactone -
Polyether diol
Polytetramethylene glycol
Polypropylene glycol
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Polycarbonate diol
2. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Adhesives
3. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Coatings
4. High-performance of polycarbonate diol-based pavements
5. Conclusions
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Solvent-borne coatings VOC regulations
Waterborne polyurethane
dispersions (PUDs)
Solventborne PU solutions vs. waterborne PU dispersions
Environmental-
friendly
coatings??
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NCO
OCN
+ OHHO + OHHO + OHHOCOOH
DMPADEGPoliadipato de
1,4 butanodiolIPDI
1. SÍNTESIS DEL PREPOLÍMERO
T = 80ºC, Vagitación= 200 rpm
NCOOCN
PREPOLÍMERO
2. DISOLUCIÓN DEL PREPOLÍMERO EN ACETONA,
T = 45-50ºC, Vagitación= 600 rpm
3. NEUTRALIZACIÓN CON TEA,
T= 45-50ºC, Vagitación= 600 rpm
4. EXTENSIÓN DE CADENA CON HIDRACINA,
T ambiente, Vagitación= 600 rpm
5. ADICIÓN DE AGUA,
T ambiente, Vagitación= 800 rpm
DISPERSIÓN DE POLIURETANO EN AGUA/ACETONA
6. DESTILACIÓN DE LA ACETONA,
T = 50ºC, P= 300 mbar
DISPERSIÓN ACUOSA DE POLIURETANO
NCO
OCN
+ OHHO + OHHO + OHHOCOOH
DMPADEGPoliadipato de
1,4 butanodiolIPDI
1. SÍNTESIS DEL PREPOLÍMERO
T = 80ºC, Vagitación= 200 rpm
NCOOCN
PREPOLÍMERO
2. DISOLUCIÓN DEL PREPOLÍMERO EN ACETONA,
T = 45-50ºC, Vagitación= 600 rpm
3. NEUTRALIZACIÓN CON TEA,
T= 45-50ºC, Vagitación= 600 rpm
4. EXTENSIÓN DE CADENA CON HIDRACINA,
T ambiente, Vagitación= 600 rpm
5. ADICIÓN DE AGUA,
T ambiente, Vagitación= 800 rpm
DISPERSIÓN DE POLIURETANO EN AGUA/ACETONA
6. DESTILACIÓN DE LA ACETONA,
T = 50ºC, P= 300 mbar
DISPERSIÓN ACUOSA DE POLIURETANO
3. NEUTRALIZACIÓN CON TEA T = 45-50°C, V agitación =450 rpm
1. SÍNTESIS DEL PREPOLÍMERO T = 80°C, V agitación =450 rpm
1.T = 45-50°C, V agitación =450 rpm
2. DISOLUCIÓN DEL PREPOLÍMERO EN ACETONA T = 45-50°C, V agitación =450 rpm
1.T = 45-50°C, V agitación =450 rpm
4. EXTENSIÓN DE CADENA CON HIDRACINA T = 45-50°C, V agitación =450 rpm
5. ADICIÓN DE AGUA T = 45-50°C, V agitación =900 rpm
6. DESTILACIÓN DE LA ACETONA T = 50°C, P = 300mbar
POLIOL
Synthesis of PUD – Acetone method
Isocyanate
Diol
Emulsifiers
Chain extender
Neutralizer
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Waterborne PU dispersions: Curing process
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Adhesives – T-peel test
PVC
PVC
PUD
CA: Cohesive failure in the adhesive
A: Adhesion failure
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A
CA
A
T-
pe
el
str
en
gth
(k
N/m
)
UH100-based adhesive
PTMG-based adhesive
1,4-BDL adipate-based adhesive
A: Adhesion failure
CA: Cohesive failure in the adhesive
Adhesives – T-peel test Comparative Polycarbonate/Polyether/Polyether
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Adhesives – Ageing, as variation of cross-cutter adhesion test
PUD (fresh: 200 µm)
Stainless steel 304
Code Description Damaged surface
0 No modification -
1 Light loosening of
coating (< 5 %)
2
Light loosening of
the borders of the
coating
(5 to 10 %)
3
Partial loosening of
the coating
(15 to 35 %)
4
Strong loosening of
the coating
(35 to 65 %)
5
Very strong
loosening of the
coating
(> 65 %)
-
Stainless steel 304
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Trends:
i. Molecular weight:
No dependence, but UH200 & UH300
ii. Homopolymer vs. copolymer:
No dependence
Adhesives – Ageing, as variation of cross-cutter adhesion test
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Adhesives – Ageing, as variation of cross-cutter adhesion test
No modification
Loosening of the coating
Light loosening of the borders of the coating
Polycarbonate diol PUD - based
Polycaprolactone PUD - based
Polypropylene Glycol PUD - based
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Polycarbonate diol
2. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Adhesives
3. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Coatings
4. High-performance of polycarbonate diol-based pavements
5. Conclusions
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Coatings – Chemical resistance
Code Damaged Surface
5 Intact coating
4 Slight change in gloss or
color
3 Light mark
2 Strong mark
1 Coating removal
PUD (fresh: 200 µm)
Stainless steel 304
Stainless steel 304
Ethanol
10 min
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Coatings – Chemical resistance of coatings based on Polycarbonatediol vs. polyester diol vs. polyether diol
PTMG-based PUD 1,4-BDL adipate-based PUD UH100-based PUD
Code Damaged Surface
5 Intact coating
4 Slight change in
gloss or color
3 Light mark
2 Strong mark
1 Coating removal
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Coatings – Yellowness index
Yellowish
Colourless
CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram
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Coatings – Ageing, as increment of yellowness index and retention of thickness
PPG-based PUD
1,4-BDL adipate-based PUD
UH100-based PUD
Heat resistance: ISO 3248:1998 (15 days @ 120 ºC)
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0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
Increment (%)
Polycarbonate diol grade
Increment of yellowness index
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20
Increment of yellow index on oak wood (%)
UH100
UH200
Polyether
Polyester
Coatings – Ageing, as increment of yellowness index
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PPG-based PUD
1,4-BDL adipate-based PUD
UH100-based PUD
Artificial weathering: ISO 11507:4892-3 (Cycle H)
Loss of thickness Blistering
Coatings – Ageing, as retention of thickness
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Polycarbonate diol
2. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Adhesives
3. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Coatings
4. High-performance of polycarbonate diol-based pavements
5. Conclusions
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Pavement – Chemical resistance
Test conditions: Direct contact, 24h @ 23 ºC, 50% R.H.
Blistering Blistering
Blistering Polyester
based
pavement
50%
Polycarbonate
diol + 50%
Polyester
based
pavement
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Pavement – Improvement of mechanical properties
Pavement Pencil hardness
(ISO 15184) Persoz hardness
(ISO 1522)
Abrasion resistance
(lost mg / 100 cycles, ISO 5470)
Polyester 6B 19
32
Polycarbonate diol-based
4B 36
12
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Pavement – Hydrolysis resistance
Test conditions: Water immersion, 80ºC for 32 days; ISO527
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Polyester Polycarbonatodiol + Polyester
Variation of Tensile strenght (%)
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Polyester Polycarbonatodiol + Polyester
Variation of Elongation at break (%)
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction: Polycarbonate diol
2. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Adhesives
3. High-performance of PUD due to polycarbonate diol: Coatings
4. High-performance of polycarbonate diol-based pavements
5. Conclusions
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Using polycarbonate diol, we can conclude about durability that …
Coatings based on polycarbonate diol show:
Better retention of initial mechanical properties after ageing
Lower yellowness increment
Less thickness losses
Minor blistering
Coatings
Adhesives based on polycarbonate diol show:
Enhanced retention of initial adhesion properties after ageing
No losses of adhesion
Adhesives
Pavements including polycarbonate diol show:
Improved resistance to automotive chemicals
Enhanced abrasion resistance
Better retention of initial mechanical properties after hydrolytic ageing
Pavements
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Acknowledgments
Laboratory of Adhesion and Adhesives (University of Alicante, Spain) for synthesis and experimental characterization of the PUDs and polyurethane adhesives.
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Thanks for your attention !! For more information:
Daniel Hernandes