concepts related to mis

8/20/2019 Concepts Related to MIS

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oncepts Related to MIS

Unit I


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MIS-Why??

Information systems & IT have become a vitalcomponent of any successful business.

very mana!er is supposed to have "no#led!e

of information systems and IT.Information systems is re!arded as a ma$or functional area $ust li"e mar"etin!% finance & R.

Information technolo!y includin! internet based systems% play an important role in or!ani'ations.


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MIS-Why??

Information systems play three vital roles for a business or!ani'ation(

Support the business processes & operations.

Support the decision ma"in! by employees& mana!ers.

Support the strate!ies of an or!ani'ation forcompetitive advanta!e.


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MIS-What #e need to "no

#??

It is important to understand( The basic concepts of information systems & IT

The plannin! process of information systems.

The development process of information systems.)usiness applications of information systems for(

*perations

Mana!ement

Competitive advanta!e of a business. The challen!es in mana!in! IT & other issues in the use of IT.


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MIS-What #e need to "no

#??

Basic concepts of InformationSystems

InformationSystems

Management

Challenges

Developme

nt Process

Basic

Concepts ofIT

BusinessApplication

s


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MIS- oncept

The term MIS is of recent ori!in.

)ut MIS #as very much in use since the start of the first business or!ani'ation.

Then% it remained very simple and manual.

Today it has a refined nomenclature alon!#ith a #ell desi!ned computer based struct

ure. The structure of MIS no# follo#s the systems approach.


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MIS- oncept

MIS is an acronym for three #ords(Mana!ement

Information

Systems

+et us try to understand these terms.


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Mana!ement

,ccordin! to oont'(

Mana!ement is the art of !ettin! thin!sdone throu!h and #ith people in formally or!ani'ed !roups./

o#ever a mana!er does not !et thin!sdone throu!h a ma!ic stic"0


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Mana!ement

, mana!er !ets thin!s done by performin! differentfunctions in a systematic #ay(

1lannin!

*r!ani'in!

Staffin!

2irectin!% and

Controllin!

To perform these functions a mana!er has to ta"e avariety of decisions.

So decision ma"in! is a fundamental re3uirement f or each process.


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Mana!ement

1lannin!(1rocess of foreseein! the future in advance.

)rid!es the !ap bet#een #here #e are and #here #e #ant to be.

Mana!ers plan by settin! ob$ectives & !oals & lay do#n policies% procedures% rules% bud!ets & schedules to achieve the !oals.

It should ans#er the follo#in! 3uestions(

What to do?When to do?

Who is to do?

o# is it to be done?

Where is it to be done?

Why is it to be done?


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Today(where weare)

Tomorrow(where we want tobe)

Planning


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Mana!ement

*r!ani'in!(1rocess of

Identifyin! the entire $ob%

2ividin! the $ob into convenient tas"s%,llocatin! tas"s to persons4 !roups of persons% and

2ele!atin! authority to each.

*r!ani'in! tas"s ensures that the operation is carried our effectively and !oals are achieved.

5ocuses on the structure of process of allocatin! $obs so that common ob$ectives can be achieved.

It is $ob oriented.


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Mana!ement

Staffin!(1rocess of puttin! the ri!ht person at the ri!ht $ob.

Involves activities li"e(2efinin! the re3uirements #ith re!ard to the people f or the $ob to be done.

Selectin! suitable persons for these positions.

Trainin! & developin! them to accomplish their tas"s.1ertains to people in the $obs.

It is #or"er oriented.


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Mana!ement

2irectin!(Includes(

Communication%

Motivation% and+eadership

2irectin! is important because for achievin

! the pre determined !oals% people #or"in!in the or!ani'ation% have to be !uided% motivated and led by the mana!er.


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Mana!ement

Controllin!(nsures that activities are bein! performed asper the plans.

Controllin! & plannin! are t#o sides of the same coin.

Involves(5i6in! standards for measurin! #or" performance.

Measurement of actual performance.

Comparin! actual #ith standards.

Ta"in! corrective actions.


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Mana!ement ierarchy

There are three levels(*perational Control 7operatin! mana!ement8

Mana!ement Control 7middle mana!ement8Strate!ic 1lannin! 7top mana!ement8


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StrategicManagem

ent

Management

Control

Operational Control


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Information

Information is data that is processed and is presented in a useful form.


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Information

2ata is a term used for ra# facts and fi!ures that are currently not bein! used indecision ma"in! process.

2ata usually ta"es the form of historicalrecords.

The relation of data to information is tha

t of ra# material to finished product


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Information

The three levels of mana!ement re3uire different "indsof information accordin! to the functions they perform.

Unstructured

Non-programmeduturistic!ppro"imate#"ternalTop

Management

OperatingManagement

StructuredProgrammed

$istorical#"act%nternal


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Information

The type of information bein! utili'ed by each level of mana!ement is in accordance #ith the nature of $obs performed

by mana!ers at their respective levels.


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Mana!ement Information

MIS must provide the Mana!ement Information#hich is re3uired by the mana!ers in their deci

sion ma"in!.

Mana!ement information refers to the 3uality o f information in terms of(

Timeliness

,ccuracy

Completeness Relevance

,de3uacy

6plicitness


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Informati

on

X X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X XManagem

entInformatio

n

Relation of Information & ManagementInformation


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System

)y definition(

, system is a set f interdep end ent

elem ents that are !r up ed t !ether a

cc rdin! t a plan t achieve a c m

m n b$ect ive./


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System

The set of elements for a system may beunderstood as(

Input

1r cess% and

*utput

, system has one or multiple inputs% #hi

ch are processed to convert them into output7s8


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lements of a System


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ybernetic System

eedbac&'Control


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ybernetic System

, system becomes cybernetic #hen feedbac" and control elements are attached to it.

Such a system is self-re!ulatin! and self-mo

nitorin!., man-made e6ample of such a system is the thermostat controlled heatin! system.

It automatically monitors and re!ulates itself tomaintain a desired temperature on the basis of f eedbac" it !ets from the environment.


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System

, system cannot e6ist in vacuum.

It e6ists and functions in an envir nment .

o#ever% it is separated from its environment by its b undary .


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, System #ith )oundary & nvironm

ent

eedbac&'Control

#nironment

oundarySystem

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