CONCEPTS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

ACEC YASHADA

CONCEPTS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• LET US UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTS BEFORE WE START STUDYING DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE NATIONAL VISION AS WELL AS THE PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE FIELD

• THE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM ALSO NEEDS TO BE UNDERSTOOD

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TERMINOLOGY

DISASTER

“… A SERIOUS DISRUPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A SOCIETY, CAUSING WIDESPREAD HUMAN, MATERIAL, OR ENVIRONMENTAL LOSSES WHICH EXCEED THE ABILITY OF THE AFFECTED SOCIETY TO COPE USING ITS OWN RESOURCES.”

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT

A PLANNED APPROACH FOR THE PREVENTION OF DISASTER, PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE TO DISASTERS, AND RECOVERY FOLLOWING DISASTERS

.

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WHY DISASTER MANAGEMENT ?

• TO MINIMIZE DEATHS AND LOSSES.• MINIMUM LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS &

PLANNING CAN DO IT.• WITHOUT IDENTIFICATION OF RISK &

VULNERABILITY, ONLY KNOWLEDGE OF HAZARDS IS OF NO USE

• NORMAL PROCEDURES ARE INSUFFICIENT TO HANDLE GRAVE SITUATIONS.

Definitions• Risk is defined as the frequency of an event happening and its

impact• A Hazard is a physical or human-made event that can potentially

trigger a disaster. • Vulnerability is ‘Susceptibility to harm’ of those at risk• Capacities are the qualities & resources of community ( or

individual) to … anticipate, cope with, resist & recover from the impact of hazards

RiskH = Hazards - Potentiality of a physical event that may cause loss of life or property

R = Risks - Probability of harmful consequences or losses

V = Vulnerabilities - Factors or processes - physical, social, economic, and environmental - which increase susceptibility of an area or a community to damage and lossC = Capacities - Strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster.

H x V ÷ C=

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HAZARDS

VIOLENCE BASEDWar, Armed Conflict, Physical Assaults etc.

NATURE BASED Earthquakes,

Droughts, Floods,Cyclones etc.

FAILING INDUSTRIALLIZED SOCIETY BASEDFire, Gas leakage,

Transport Collisions etc.

DETERIORATION BASED

Environmental Degradation,

Declining Health, Education & other Social services.

Risk Analysis

Vulnerability Assessment &

Analysis

Hazard Assessment &

Analysis

Information, Interpretation

Awareness Generation

Early Warning

Prevention

Mitigation

Preparedness

Risk Identification

Risk Analysis

Risk Evaluation

Hazard, Vulnerability

Capacity Assessment

Consequences & Likelihood –

hence level of the Risk

Nature of Impact on Elements at

Risk

Range of potential losses & damages &

how these could occurAssessment of

capacities & Resources

Risk Prioritization & Decision

Making

1. Ranking of most vulnerable Communities

2. Make decision about strategies to be followed

R = H X V / C

Mitigation Measures

Preventive MeasuresHAZARD

Prevention & Mitigation Measures

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VULNERABLITY

Vul. To Hazard

% of Area

Earthquake 57%

Droughts 68%

Cyclones 08%

Floods 12%

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TYPES OF DISASTERS

SUB GROUP I

WATER & CLIMATE RELATED DISASTERS

FLOODS & DRAINAGE MGT., CYCLONES, TORNADOES & HURRICANES, HAILSTORM, CLOUD BURST, HEAT WAVE & COLD WAVE, SNOW AVALANCHES, DROUGHTS, SEA EROSION AND THUNDER & LIGHTNING.

SUB GROUP IIGEOLOGICALLY RELATED DISASTERS

LANDSLIDES, MUDFLOWS, EARTHQUAKES, DAM FAILURES / DAM BURSTS AND MINE FIRES.

SUB GROUP III

CHEMICAL, INDUS., & NUCLEAR RELATED DISASTER

THE CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIAL & NUCLEAR DISASTERS HAVE BEEN INCLUDED.

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TYPES OF DISASTERS (CONTD…)SUB GROUP IV ACCIDENT

RELATED DISASTERS

FOREST / URBAN FIRES, MINE FLOODING, OIL SPILL, MAJOR BLDG. COLLAPSE, SERIAL BOMB BLASTS ETC.

SUB GROUP V BIOLOGICALLY RELATED DISASTERS

BIOLOGICAL DISASTER & EPIDEMICS, PEST ATTACKS, CATTLE EPIDEMICS & FOOD POISONING ETC.

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Major Phases of Disaster Management Cycle.

Disasterimpact

Response

Recovery

Development

Preparedness

Mitigation

Prevention

DM CONTINUUM

CYCLE

EXPAND – CONTRACT MODEL OF DM

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Causal Factors of Disaster

DISASTER

Lack ofInformation

Poverty PopulationGrowth

RapidUrbanization

EnvironmentallDegradation

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POVERTY LACK OF RESOURCE BASES,

SUPPORT SYSTEM,INSURANCE OPPORTUNITIES

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LACK OF INFORMATION

CENTRALIZED INFORMATION IS HELPFUL ONLY FOR A CERTAIN RANGE OF THE POPULATION,

PARTICULARLY GOVERNMENT.

LACK OF KNOWLEDGE IN EVACUATION, FIRST AID, RESCUE ETC.

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ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

DESTRUCTION OF MANGROVE SWAMPS IN COASTAL AREAS.

CONSTRUCTION OF HUGE DAMS DESTRUCTING VAST AREA OF

FOREST.

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RAPID URBANISATION

EVERYBODY WANTS TO SETTLE IN URBAN AREA. HIGH RATES CAN’T ACCOMMODATE EVERY CLASS OF

PEOPLE. IT RESULTS IN GROWTH OF SLUMS, UNPLANNED

CONSTRUCTION WITHOUT REGULATIONS.

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POPULATION GROWTH

EFFECT ON THE PEOPLE LIVING IN CROWDED

AREAS.

PARADIGM SHIFT IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

RESPONSE

RELIEF

REHABILITATION

RECONSTRUCTION

CRISIS

MANAGEMENT

PREPAREDNESS

MITIGATION

PREVENTION

DEVELOPMENT

RISK

MANAGEMENT

DISASTERS

NATIONAL VISION

TO BUILD A SAFER AND DISASTER RESILIENT INDIA BY DEVELOPING A HOLISTIC, PROACTIVE, MULTI DISASTER

AND TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN STRATEGY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT THROUGH COLLECTIVE EFFORTS OF ALL

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS.

SAFER AND DISASTER RESILIENT INDIA HOLISTIC, PROACTIVE, MULTI DISASTER AND TECHNOLOGY

DRIVEN STRATEGY COLLECTIVE EFFORTS OF ALL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND

NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS

NDMA

NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE

CENTRES

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

MINISTRIES & DEPARTMENTS OF

GOVT OF INDIA

MHA

NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT

COMMITTEE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTNEC

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

STATE GOVTs

SDMAs

ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS

CORPORATE SECTOR

NGOs

SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS

PROFESSIONAL BODIES

C O M M U N I T Y

DISTTs

LOCAL BODIES

ARMED FORCES

CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF

NATURAL CALAMITIES

GOVT OF INDIA

DDMAs

CABINET COMMITTEE ON

SECURITY

DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT 2005

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THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005

• IT WAS ENACTED UNDER THE CONCURRENT LIST OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA • THE ACT COMPRISES 79 SECTIONS AND 11 CHAPTERS • DEFINES DISASTER AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN ITS NEW CONCEPT

• IT PROVIDES FOR THE PRE-REQUISITE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM FOR MONITORING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANS

• ENSURES MEASURES BY VARIOUS WINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION OF DISASTERS

• IN TUNE WITH THE PARADIGM SHIFT, THE STATE GOVERNMENTS HAVE BEEN ADVISED TO AMEND THEIR RELIEF CODES

• THE ACT PROVIDES FOR A NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA)

• THE STATE GOVERNMENTS SHALL CREATE STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES AND DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES

• THERE SHALL BE A DISASTER RESPONSE FUND AND DISASTER MITIGATION FUND AT NATIONAL, STATE AND DISTRICT LEVELS

SALIENT FEATURES.• CHAPTER 1- ( S1-S2)- PRELIMINARY• CHAPTER 2- ( S3-S13)- NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY.• CHAPTER 3- ( S14-S24) – STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY.• CHAPTER 4- ( S25-S34) – DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY.• CHAPTER 5- ( S35-S40) – MEASURES BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR

DISASTER MANAGEMENT.• CHAPTER 6 - ( S41) – LOCAL AUTHORITIES.• CHAPTER 7- (S42- S 43) – NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT

INSTITUTE.• CHAPTER 8- (S44- S 45) – NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE.• CHAPTER 9– (S46- S 50) – FINANCE, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT.• CHAPTER 10– (S51- S60) –OFFENCES AND PENALTIES.• CHAPTER 11– (S61- S 79) – MISCELLANEOUS

PENAL PROVISIONS (SEC 51-60)

SECTION 51:• PUNISHMENT FOR OBSTRUCTION AND/OR NON-

COMPLIANCE OF THE DIRECTIONS GIVEN BY THE CENTRAL / STATE GOVT, NEC, SEC, DDMA:

UPTO ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE OR BOTH.

• IF SUCH OBSTRUCTION RESULTS IN LOSS OF LIVES OR IMMINENT DANGER THEREOF : IMPRISONMENT MAY EXTEND TO TWO YEARS.

PUNISHMENT FOR FALSE CLAIM FOR OBTAINING RELIEF, ASSISTANCE ETC.

SECTION 52:

TWO YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT WITH FINE.

PUNISHMENT FOR MISAPPOPRIATION OF MONEY OR MATERIALS

SECTION 53:

TWO YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT AND FINE.

PUNISHMENT FOR FALSE WARNING

• SECTION 54:

ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE.

OFFENCES BY DEPARTMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT

• SECTION 55:

• IN CASE OF AN OFFENCE BY THE GOVT DEPARTMENT, THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT TO BE HELD GUILTY UNLESS HE PROVES OTHERWISE

• ANY OTHER OFFICER FOUND GUILTY TO BE PROCEEDED AGAINST AND PUNISHED

REFUSAL TO PERFORM ANY DUTY BY ANY GOVT. OFFICER

• SECTION 56:

ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE.

PENALTY FOR CONTRAVENTION OF ANY ORDER OF REQUISITIONING

• SECTION 57:

ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE OR BOTH

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