DISASTER MANAGEMENT DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONCEPTSCONCEPTS

Disaster

Disaster occurs due to destruction of Disaster occurs due to destruction of environment, which is caused by extraordinary environment, which is caused by extraordinary natural phenomena or human induced hazards, natural phenomena or human induced hazards,

resulting in human suffering and hardship resulting in human suffering and hardship beyond coping and recovery unless an external beyond coping and recovery unless an external

aid is introduced. To reduce the disaster aid is introduced. To reduce the disaster probability, one has to decrease the probability, one has to decrease the

vulnerability.vulnerability.

For example :For example :Earthquake, Cyclone etc.Earthquake, Cyclone etc.

Hazard

An event which An event which causes a situation causes a situation

which can be which can be dangerous to dangerous to

people or property people or property if occurred in the if occurred in the populated area.populated area.

For example: For example: Volcano,Cyclone, Volcano,Cyclone,

Earthquake, Flood, Earthquake, Flood, Drought etc.Drought etc.

Vulnerability

Condition in the Condition in the community, which community, which leave it open to leave it open to suffer from the suffer from the effects of a effects of a disaster.disaster.

For example: For example: (I)(I) Houses on the Houses on the

seacoast in the seacoast in the cyclone prone cyclone prone area.area.

(II)(II) Village situated in Village situated in the flood prone the flood prone areaarea. .

Capacity

Capacities are Capacities are those positive those positive condition or condition or abilities which abilities which increase a increase a community’s community’s ability to deal ability to deal with hazards.with hazards.

Risk

• The The probability/ probability/ likelihood of a likelihood of a disaster disaster happening.happening.

The ingredients of Disaster Relationship

H*V-C=RH*V-C=R Hazard*Vulnerability-Capacity= Hazard*Vulnerability-Capacity= Risk Risk

Disaster is the realization of the RiskDisaster is the realization of the Risk

“Mitigation" means measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effects of a disaster or threatening disaster situation;

“Preparedness" means the state of readiness to deal with a threatening disaster situation or disaster and the effects thereof;

TYPES OF DISASTER

There are two types of disasters:There are two types of disasters:

A. Natural disaster .A. Natural disaster .There are three type of Natural disaster:There are three type of Natural disaster: 1.1.WindWind – Cyclone, storm, tidal Waves. – Cyclone, storm, tidal Waves. 2.2.WateWater – Flood, Cloud burst, Cold Wave , Heat Wave, Flash Flood , r – Flood, Cloud burst, Cold Wave , Heat Wave, Flash Flood ,

Drought. Drought. 3.3.EarthEarth – Earthquake, landslides, Tsunami – Earthquake, landslides, Tsunami..

B. Man- Induced disaster .B. Man- Induced disaster . 1.1.AccidentsAccidents- Rail, Road, Air, Sea, Building Collapse Ect- Rail, Road, Air, Sea, Building Collapse Ect 2. 2. Industrial Mishaps-Industrial Mishaps- Gas Leak, Explosion ect. Gas Leak, Explosion ect. 3.3.FireFire- Building, Coal Mines, Oil Fields ect.- Building, Coal Mines, Oil Fields ect. 4.4.Forest Fire-Forest Fire- Mainly tropical countries Mainly tropical countries 5.5.Contamination/PoisoningContamination/Poisoning- Food, Water, Illicit Liquors ect.- Food, Water, Illicit Liquors ect. 6. 6. Terrorist ActivitiesTerrorist Activities 7.7.EcologicalEcological- Pollution (Air, Water , Noise) Sea level rise ect.- Pollution (Air, Water , Noise) Sea level rise ect. 8.8.SocialSocial- War, Riots, Hijacking, Civil Unrest- War, Riots, Hijacking, Civil Unrest

Eartquake Intensity – Magnitude in Richter Scale Sl No Type Characteristics of Tremors Mgt in

Richter

I Instrumental Seismographic Very Low

II Feeble Sensitive (people) 3.5

III Slight Slight 4.2

IV Moderate Walking, Loose objects 4.3

V Rather Strong Awakened 4.8

VI Strong Trees sway ect 4.9--5.4

VII Very Strong Cracks 5.5—6.1

VIII Destructive Damage to constructions 6.2

IX Ruinous House collapse 6.9

X Disastrous Ground Cracks 7.0—7.3

XI Very Disastrous Disrupts all services 7.4—8.1

XII Catastrophic Total destruction Above 8.1

Richter Scale 6.2 and above

Richter Scale 6.9 and above

Richter Scale 7.0—7.3

Richter Scale 7.4-8.1

Disaster Risk Management Cycle

Phases of Disaster Management

1.DISASTER RESPONSE:

Activities that take place when a disaster strikes to Activities that take place when a disaster strikes to reduce loss of life and to deliver relief as quickly reduce loss of life and to deliver relief as quickly as possible to the affected people.as possible to the affected people.

For example: For example: 1.1. Search and rescue.Search and rescue.2.2. Need Assessment.Need Assessment.3.3. Provide First Aid Services.Provide First Aid Services.4.4. Emergency food , water , medicines supply.Emergency food , water , medicines supply.5.5. Provision of temporary shelters & other relief Provision of temporary shelters & other relief

supplies.supplies.6.6. Restoring family links.Restoring family links.

2.RECOVERY(REHABILITATION)

Measures taken after the disaster , to bring Measures taken after the disaster , to bring back the condition within the community to back the condition within the community to normal or even better than before.normal or even better than before.

For example:For example:

I.I. Social RehabilitationSocial Rehabilitation

ii. Economic Rehabilitationii. Economic Rehabilitation

iii. Psychological Rehabilitationiii. Psychological Rehabilitation

3.Risk Reduction (Mitigation)Long term measure taken before a disaster to Long term measure taken before a disaster to

lessen its effect on the community.lessen its effect on the community.For example:For example:a.a. Strengthening of existing building and Strengthening of existing building and

infrastructuresinfrastructuresb.b. Raised earth platform in flood prone areasRaised earth platform in flood prone areasc.c. Taking out insurance polices Taking out insurance polices d.d. Plantation of drought resistant cropsPlantation of drought resistant cropse.e. Build cyclone shelters, reinforcement of river Build cyclone shelters, reinforcement of river

banks in flood prone areas banks in flood prone areas f.f. Public awareness programsPublic awareness programsg.g. Community based health care/health promotionCommunity based health care/health promotion

4.Disaster Preparedness

Measure design to enables a community to cope with and respond Measure design to enables a community to cope with and respond quickly and effectively to any further disaster. These activities quickly and effectively to any further disaster. These activities should take before a disaster.should take before a disaster.

For example: For example:

a.a. Assessment of the VCA of the community through mapping Assessment of the VCA of the community through mapping exercise.exercise.

b.b. Develop early warning systemDevelop early warning systemc.c. Formation of school disaster preparedness and response Formation of school disaster preparedness and response

committee and plancommittee and pland.d. First aid, disaster preparedness & response training programmeFirst aid, disaster preparedness & response training programmee.e. Propositioning of essential relief items in strategic locations for Propositioning of essential relief items in strategic locations for

timely responsetimely response

4.Disaster Preparedness

f.f. Increasing community disaster awareness Increasing community disaster awareness

g.g. Improving coordinationImproving coordination

h. h. Disaster emergency needs assessment checklistDisaster emergency needs assessment checklist

i.i. Improving basic training skills.Improving basic training skills.

DRR, Scholl Safety Audit & Crisis Management

DRR: Disaster Risk Reduction is aimed at long term Preparedness for any disaster, (Strategic Plan)

School Safety Audit: Basically aimed at regular check and up-gradation of safety measures and state of preparedness , (A ready reckoner )

Crisis Management: Is process meant and designed to combat and respond during an emergency situation,

(on site operation)