concept-of-sustainable-development.ppt
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Concept of sustainable development
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Concept of sustainable development Objectives
1) To introduce the concept of sustainabledevelopment 2) To list three approaches towards attaining
sustainability (Herman Daly)3) To list four goals for a society based on
sustainable conception
4) To list five drafts of Stockholm declaration5) To list five agreements of Earth Summit, 19926) To list 11 ways to attain sustainable
development
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Need of sustainable development
1. Hunter-gatherer life in the beginning2. Wants increased
industrialization, urbanization3. Resulted in environmental
degradation manifesteddifferently in different regions
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What does sustain mean? To keep in existence without
diminishing, to provide sustenanceand nourishment
Sustainable Consumption Sustainable production Sustainable Community Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable development
Sustainable business
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What is development?
To bring out the capabilities orpossibilities of, to bring to
a more advanced or effectivestate
Not growth To improve, make better
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A sustainable community
Nourishes, allowing all itsmembers to flourish
Is able to continue indefinitely
Does not mean no change or never changing or status quo
Does not mean uto ia
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How do you define a community? A social group of any size whose
members reside in a specificlocality, share government, and
often have a common cultural andhistorical heritage A geographic area whose size
should be determined by members Includes economic, environmental,
social/cultural features of that area
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What is carrying capacity?
The population that can besupported indefinitely by anecosystem without destroying theecosystem
Depends on available resources and
per capita consumption
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What is community capital? 1 . Natural capital -- Natural resources;
Services provided for human activity;Capacity of capital to sustain diversityand long term health.
2. Human/social capital- -Connectedness to people and community;Education, skills and health of population
3. Financial/Built capital- -Manufacturedgoods, buildings, infrastructure;Information resources; Credit and debt
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Brundtland Commission Sustainability is: development
that meets the needs of thepresent without compromisingthe ability of future generations
to meet their own needs World Commission on the
Environment and Development
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Sustainability is: ...improving the quality of human
life while living within the carryingcapacity of supporting ecosystems.
Caring for the Earth Quality of all human life Living within the limits Conservation and development are
parts of the same process
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Three approaches-Herman Daly(Economist)
1. Rates of use of renewable resourcesdo not exceed regeneration rates,
2. Rates of use of non-renewableresources do not exceed rates of development of renewable substitutes.
3. Rates of pollution emission do notexceed assimilative capacities of theenvironment.
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popularization of the concept of sust. devp .
World Commission on Env. andDevp., ( Brundtland Commission) --
promote sustainable &environmentally sound devp.
Intensified after the UN Conferencefor Env. and Devp. (Earth Summit) in1992.
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Several UN texts, (eg. WorldSummit Outcome Document,2005) refer economic devp.,social devp. and environmental
protection as "interdependent andmutually reinforcing pillars" of SD.
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The UK Sustainable Development Strategy, 2005, has the objective of enabling all people throughout theworld to satisfy their basic needs
and enjoy a better quality of life,without compromising the qualityof life of future generations.
The need to expand the economy inthe long term without using up
natural capital for current growth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capital -
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Many criticize SD" as an oxymoronclaiming that economic policies basedaround concepts of growth andcontinued depletion of resources arenot sustainable.
SD" is a term invented by businesspeople to show capitalism asecologically friendly, and to quiet
people promoting environmentalist values.
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Drafts of Stockholm declaration--
1) natural resources, must be safeguarded for present and futuregenerations by careful planning and
appropriate management.2) man has special responsibility to
safeguard and manage the heritageof wild life and its habitats.Discharge of toxic and other
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Drafts of Stockholm declaration-3) science and technology for economicand social devp. --applied to theavoidance, identification and control of
env. risks and solution of env. problems) scientific research and devp. related to
env. problems must be promoted at alllevels especially in developingcountries where most of the biologicaldiversit is available.
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Drafts of Stockholm declaration-5) free flow of up-to-date information
and transfer of technology must bemaintained in order to facilitate the
solution of env. problems of developing countries and that states should ensure that international organizations play acoordinated role for the protection
of environment.
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the UN conference onEnvironment and Development
(UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in1992. (the Earth summit),approved a set of agreements.
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1) A global action plan for sustainable
development, containing over 100programmed areas-- trade andenvironment, agriculture anddesertification, technology transfer.
2)The Rio Declaration on environment and Development A statement of 27key principles to guide the integrationof environment and development policies (including the polluter pays,prevention and precautionary andparticipation principles)
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3) The statement of principles on
Forests the first global consensuson the management, conservationand sustainable development of
the worlds forests. 4) The framework convention onclimate change a legally bindingagreement to stabilize greenhousegases in the atmosphere at levelsthat will not upset the globalclimate.
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5) The convention on biologicaldiversity -- a legally binding
agreement to conserve theworlds genetic, species andecosystem diversely and sharethe benefits of its use in fair andequitable way.
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Commission on SustainableDevelop. (CSD) 1992.Identified 4 goals towards society based on sustainable consumption.
1.Close process cycles (aimingreuse, recycle and repair)2.Halving fossil fuel use (energyconservation, shrinking energyintensive sectors and introducing
energy taxes)
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CSD-- goals
3. Improving the quality of materials (using a cradle-to-
grave approach - moredurable, repairable andrecyclable)
4. Reducing transportation( proximity principle).
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Charting a course for Sustain. Develop.
1) Stabilize chemical cycles andmoderate the pace of climate change.
2) Reducing the use or wastage of non-renewable resources
3) Sustainable use of renewable
resources 4) Keeping pollution within theabsorptive capacity of local and
lobal sinks of wastes
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Charting a course for Sustain. Develop.
5) Eliminate threat to global foodsecurity
6) Control threats to biodiversity anddo steps for increasing biodiversity.
7) Complete demographic transition
and stabilize world population
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Charting a Sustainable course 8) Meeting human needs
economically9) Meeting social, cultural and
health requirements of mankind-10) Satisfying political aspirations
of peoples 11) Provide environmental education
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Sustainable development, thus,is a moderate position betweenthe extremes of no growthversus unlimited growth, and is
based on the use of renewableresources in harmony withecological systems.
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Measures of sustainable
development
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Objectives
1) To list 5 Es of sustainability2) To describe the concept of indicators for
measuring sustainable development 3) To list 7 indicators4) To list characteristics of a good indicator
5) To list 11 questionnaires for evaluatingindicators
h i f S i bili
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The Five Es of Sustainability ECONOMY - devp. plans compatible withnature- that protect and/or enhance naturalresources.ECOLOGY understanding naturalecosystem capacity .EQUITY - Well-being, equal access to
jobs, education, resources, and services.EDUCATION - Learning, awareness, &training interdisciplinary curriculum.EVALUATION - Measuring the making of a Difference identifying keysustainabilit indicators.
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What is an indicator? A way to measure, indicate, point out or
point to with more or less exactness; Something used to show visually the
condition of a system.
f
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Indicators of sustainability- are for Measuring progress - Explaining sustainability- by making
it more concrete
Educating community- about what isimportant Showing linkages- between different
parts of community- Motivating- people to act Focusing action-on critical issues
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Nature providesmaterials for
production.
Production provides jobs.
Jobs alleviate poverty
Wh k d i di ?
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What makes a good indicator?1. Addresses carrying capacity2. Is relevant to the community3. Is understandable to community4. Is usable by the community5. Takes a long term view of progress6. Shows links between economy,
environment and society
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Different indicators
1. Environmental indicators2. Cultural/social indicators
3. Economic indicators4. National economic indicators5. Gross national product
6. Genuine progress indicator7. Ecological foot print-water foot print-
carbon foot print
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1. Eg. Environmental Indicators Parts per million of particulate
matter in the air Number of good air quality days Increase in asthma-related
hospital admissions Number of vehicle miles traveled Annual emissions of greenhouse
gases per person
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2. Eg. Cultural/Social Indicators
Number of runaway children Number of reported abuse cases Families with satisfactory child
care arrangements
Families with adequate income
d
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3. Eg. Economic Indicators
Net job growth Employment diversity Number of jobs with benefits Work required to support basic
needs
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4.Eg. of national economic indicators
Gross National/Domestic Product Genuine Progress Indicator Ecological Footprint
5 G N ti l P d t
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5. Gross National Product
G N ti l P d t
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Gross National Product Generally considered to measure
economic welfare Actually a measure of money flow
between businesses and households Rises when money is spent for
problems like health care andnatural disasters.
Does not include non-market
activities such as volunteer labour G i P g I di t
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Genuine Progress Indicator
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6. Eg. Genuine Progress Indicator
Volunteer labor Cost of crime Family breakdown Underemployment Ozone depletion Loss of old growth forests
Ecological Footprint
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Ecological Footprint
7 Eg Ecological Footprint
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7. Eg. Ecological Footprint
Estimate of resources consumed Relates economy to carrying
capacity Not a measure of quality of life,
measure of life style
Sustainable Community Indicators
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Sustainable Community Indicators Energy use per person Percent of land area that is natural, modified, cultivated, built,
and degraded Number of hours working at the average wage needed to pay for
basic needs Acres of land redeveloped
Number of acres of farmland remaining in the county Percent of food produced locally Annual fuel consumption and number of vehicle miles traveled Dollars spent in local community that stay local Percent of goods made from recycled material Annual harvest of timber compared to growth rate
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Making a better indicator
Measure what you want to be Make a measure that speaks to
people Measure the cause not just the
effect
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Making measures that speak to people Relate to sustainability Make it personal Focus on the goal If people cannot understand an
indicator, it wont help If people do not see what they can
do to fix a problem, it wont help.
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A traditional indicator
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A more personal indicator
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Measure cause and effect
Pressure: activity causing state State: condition that exists Response: actions to change
state
Pressure State Response
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Pressure - State - Response
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Evaluating Indicators
Relevant to the community Understandable and useable by the community Long-term view Links different facets of community Addresses carrying capacity use of resources and
size of population
Pressure state or response need to be considered Type of capital -- social, financial and natural
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Economic Indicators Income Median income Distribution of personal income Hours of work needed to support basic
needs Economic indicators
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Land Use Indicators Number of permits issued Number of housing starts Change in urban area vs. change in
population Acres of farmland lost to development Land per capita used for transportation Change in amount of impervious surfaces
Characteristics of effective indicators
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Characteristics of effective indicators Relevant ; they show you
something about the system that you need to know.
Understandable , even by peoplewho are not experts.
Reliable ; you can trust the
information that the indicator isproviding. Based on accessible data ; data is
available or can be gathered Sustainable Community Indicators
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Sustainable Community Indicators Energy use per person Annual emissions of greenhouse gases per person Percent of land area that is natural, modified,
cultivated, built, and degraded Number of hours working at the average wage needed
to pay for basic needs Acres of land redeveloped Number of acres of farmland remaining in the county Percent of food produced locally Annual fuel consumption and number of vehicle miles
traveled Amount spent in local community that stay local Percent of goods made from recycled material Annual harvest of timber compared to growth rate (Caring for the Earth )
Sustainable businesses
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Replace nationally and internationally produceditems with products created locally and regionally.
Take responsibility for the effects they have on thenatural world. Do not require exotic sources of capital in order to
develop and grow. Engage in production processes that are human,
worthy, dignified, and intrinsically satisfying. Create objects of durability and long-term utility
whose ultimate use or disposition will not beharmful to future generations. Change consumers to customers through education. Paul Hawken, The Ecology of Commerce
Sustainable Production
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Sustainable Production Products and services are ecologically
safe through out their life cycle Processes and technologies minimize or
eliminate hazards and wastes Workers are valued and their skills and
capabilities are continuously developed
Communities are respected and enhancedeconomically, socially, culturally, and physically
Lowell Center for Sustainable Production Sustainable Agriculture
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g ..farmers in sustainable agriculture
are concerned about feeding theirfamilies and paying their bills, but those are not their only goals in life.They set out to protect the land,improve their quality of life, andenhance the communities in whichthey live. Their day-to-day decisionsare not guided by a single mindedsearch for profit, but by a delicatebalancing act among many goals.
Dick Levins, Land Stewardshi Pro ram, Minnesota
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Sustainable Agriculture Indicators
Reliance on government programs
Use of equipment, chemicals andnonrenewable energy
Creation of jobs Balance between feed use and
feed production
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1.Does the indicator addressthe carrying capacity of the
natural resources -- renewableand nonrenewable, local and
nonlocal -- that the communityrelies on?
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2. Does the indicator address thecarrying capacity of the
ecosystem services uponwhich the community relies,
whether local, global, or fromdistant sources?
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3. Does the indicator address the carryingcapacity of aesthetic qualities -- the beautyand life-affirming qualities of nature -- that
are important to the community?
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4. Does the indicator address the carryingcapacity of the community's human capital-- the skills, abilities, health and education
of people in the community?.
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5.Does the indicator address the
carrying capacity of acommunity's social capital -- theconnections between people in
a community: the relationshipsof friends, families,neighborhoods, social groups,
businesses, governments andtheir ability to cooperate, work together and interact in
positive meaningful ways?
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6. Does the indicator address thecarrying capacity of a community'sbuilt capital -- the human-madematerials (buildings,infrastructure, and information)that are needed for quality of life
and the community's ability tomaintain and enhance thosematerials with existing resources?
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7. Does the indicator provide along-term view of the
community?
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8. Does the indicator address theissue of economic, social or
biological diversity in thecommunity?
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9. Does the question address the
issue of equity or fairness --either between current
community residents (intra-generational equity) orbetween current and futureresidents (inter-generationalequity)?
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10. Is the indicatorunderstandable to and usable
by its intended audience?
h d
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11. Does the indicator measure alink between economy andenvironment; environment andsociety; society and economy?
12. Does the indicator measuresustainability that is at the
expense of another communityor at the expense of globalsustainability?
Who is Working on Sustainability?
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g y Economic Development Corporations
Civic Organizations Environmental Groups Business Groups Nonprofits Foundations Religious Organizations Government Agencies--Local,
Regional, State, and Federal
How are They Working on it?
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y g Visioning
Community Forums Community Profiles Master Plans Location (Special Place) Mapping Resource Mapping
Community Income Statements Neighborhood Eco-Teams Local Currency Sustainability Evaluation Indicators
Why are People Working on it?
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y p g ... it has always been my hope that
the council would show the vision...and, more than creating a qualitylifestyle, create a different lifestyle,a lifestyle more appropriate to aplanet of diminishing resources,...tolook at new job opportunities, totune into the changing world and beable to change and adapt to it.
Mount Washington Valley Economic Council Member
Sustainable businesses
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Replace national and international products with
products created locally and regionally. Take responsibility for their effects on
environment. Do not require exotic sources of capital to
develop and grow. Engage in production processes that are human,
worthy, dignified, and satisfying. Create objects of durability and long-term utility whose use ordisposition will not be harmful to future