Computer Terminologies (1)

• CPU - Central Processing Unit

• RAM - Random Access Memory

• ROM - Read-Only Memory

• CD-ROM drive

• Floppy disk drive

• Hard disk drive

• Bus

Computer Terminologies (2)

• System unit

• Motherboard (Mainboard)

• Expansion slot

• Network Card

• Video Card

• Sound Card

• Parallel port and Serial port

An Idealized Computer

Information Flow

What’s in that box?

Network Interface Cards

communicate through a serial connection

Each card requires an IRQ, an I/O address, and an upper memory address to work with DOS/WIN95.

To configure TCP/IP LAN settings in a Windows machine, use the Control Panel icon, Network.

Network Interface CardsConsiderations:

type of network (Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI)

type of media (CAT5, fiber, wireless)

type of system bus either PCI/ISA or PCMCIA, which is used on laptops)

To change a PCs network speed from 10Mbps to 100Mbps, you need to upgrade the NIC.

NIC: Network Interface Card

• IRQ

• I/O address

• Memory address

PCMCIAPCMCIAPersonal Computer Memory Card

International Association

Select a NIC

• Type of Network:– Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI

• Type of media:– Twisted-pair, Coaxial, Fiber-optic cable

• Type of system bus:– PCI, ISA

Information stored in computers

• Symbols or "bits", are 1 and 0.

Data Networks

1 Byte = 8 Bits. Information Unit

Numbering System

Binary Numbering System

Binary Number System• Computer systems only

understand “on” and “off” or “1s” and “0s.”

• Computer systems use a binary numbering system rather than decimal.

• Decimal numbering system uses 10 symbols; they are 0-9.

• Computer systems use a Base 2 system.

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

8 bits = 1 byte

A bit is a binary digit used in the binary numbering system, either 0 or 1.

Binary Number System

Binary Number System

The binary number 10010001 in Base 2 = 145.

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

(1, 128) = 128 + (0, 64) = 0 + (0, 32) = 0 + (1, 16) = 16 + (0, 8) = 0 + (0, 4) = 0 + (0, 2) = 0 + (1, 1) = 1 = 145

Binary Number System

The decimal number 35 in Base 2

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

Binary Number System

If the right-most digit is odd, then the number is odd. (255)

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Binary Number System

If the right-most digit is even, then the number is even. (142)

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0

Preparation for LAB

• 1: Installation of NIC

• 2: Configuring network settings

Q & A