computational elements of robust civil infrastructure
DESCRIPTION
Computational Elements of Robust Civil Infrastructure. White paper by: G. Cybenko, K. Fuchs, A. Grama, C. Hoffmann, A. Sameh, N. Shroff, M. Sozen, and B.F. Spencer September 17, 2002. Motivation for Study. The country has an investment of $20 trillion in civil infrastructure. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Computational Elements of Robust Civil Infrastructure
White paper by:
G. Cybenko, K. Fuchs, A. Grama, C. Hoffmann, A. Sameh, N. Shroff, M. Sozen, and B.F. Spencer
September 17, 2002
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Motivation for Study
• The country has an investment of $20 trillion in civil infrastructure.
• Much of this civil infrastructure is “mission-critical”, e.g.,– bridges– power plants and power grid towers– telecommunication centers– water purification plants
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Motivation for Study• Monitoring the health of such infrastructure
through sensing technology can:– assure timely service,– detect the onset of catastrophic failure,– mitigate catastrophic failure, or– allow for effective contingency plans (crisis management).
• Actuation based on sensing infrastructure can:– increase the robustness of such structures very significantly,– enable economical construction of critical infrastructure,– in the event of imminent failure, direct the structure to desirable
failure modes.
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Targeted Hazards• Earthquakes• Explosions• Fire• Rust• Wind• Terrorist events
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State-of-the-art in Controlled Structures - Passive Control
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Focus of the study1. Develop the communication, data integration,
and computational, infrastructure that enables:– Effective design and economical construction of highly
robust “smart” structures that sense and react to external stimuli; and
– Transformation of existing structures into active structures that sense, discriminate, and act in defense.
2. Off-line use of data collected to “solve the inverse problem” – determine actual structural characteristics and specific stimuli leading to failure. This can be done through a series of scenario simulations.
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Research and Development Highlights
1. The design and implementation of a low-power/ low-cost smart sensors-actuators complex (SAC) consisting of:1. smart sensor networks2. data receptors3. computational elements4. real-time control
algorithms
Sensing/Computation/Communication elements - designed by part of our research team at Dartmouth. These units cost under $200 and are the size of a deck of cards. Efforts are on to develop the next generation of such devices at Purdue.
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Research and Development Highlights
• Integrate the SAC with a strut system containing controllable dampers (to change the stiffness characteristics of the structure).
– a magnetorheological (MR) device, also referred to as a smart-strut-device (SSD).
Magnetorheostatic dampers can change their load bearing characteristics from fully solid to fully damping in milliseconds when exposed to magnetic fields.
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Research and Development Highlights
• Develop distributed strategies for computing control vector from sensed signals in real time.
• Develop detailed simulation methodologies for validating control strategies and examining a variety of what-if scenarios for a range of stimuli.
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Research and Development Highlights
• Detailed methodologies for design of structures, including placement and capability of sensors and actuators, precise calibration of impact bearing capacity of the structure.
• Real-time visual information infrastructure to support status checks, and rescue and relief efforts.
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Research and Development Tasks
a) Development of self-configuring, self-calibrating wireless sensor networks and low-latency sensor data management techniques.
b) Development of algorithms and software for continuous real-time testing, diagnosis, and maintenance for all communication and computational components of the sensor/actuator networks.
c) Fault-tolerant operation of the SAC-SSD complexes.
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Research and Development Tasks
• Model reduction of the large-scale dynamical system representing the structure (off-line).
• Development of distributed, real-time (on-line) algorithms for determining the structure’s response to dynamic impulses using the reduced low-order model, together with a real-time visualization environment.
• Development of rapid simulation and visualization infrastructure for exploring (off-line) a range of “what-if” scenarios for real-time disaster management and control strategies.
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Research and Development Tasks
• Validation of the entire computational paradigm on well-instrumented model structures, as well as actual instrumented structures in Puerto Rico (wind effects), and Japan (earthquakes).
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Unique Qualifications of Research Team
• Extensive experience building and applying sensor networks (Cybenko, Dartmouth, Shroff, Purdue).
• Pioneered the development and use of smart-strut devices (Sozen, Purdue, Spencer, Illinois).
• Fundamental work in fault tolerance, testing, and system validation (Fuchs, Cornell).
• Experts in geometric modeling, large scale simulation, and visualization infrastructure, more recently, applied to the Pentagon crash simulation (Hoffmann, Purdue),
• Parallel and distributed algorithms for structural modeling, model reduction, and control (Sameh, Grama, Purdue).
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Relation of Project to Other Sensor Network Efforts
• The fundamental goal of this project is to build robust civil infrastructure.
• From this point of view, the aim is one of integrating a range of existing technologies, and where needed, to develop new technologies.
• Its primary aim is not to build a new class of sensors or RF communication devices. It is our belief that these technologies have matured to a point where they can safely be used for solving the critical task of securing civil infrastructure.