Presented to:

Engr. R.B LASHARI

Presented by:

Muhammad Talha

13EL21

Topic of presentation :

materials

used in construction

of nuclear power

plant

Contents of presentation

Different parts of nuclear power

plant.

Materials used in their construction.

Why these materials are used

Quick preview of different parts of

nuclear power plant

Containment building

it is the building in which reactor is located,

It is designed such as if in any emergency, to

contain the escape of radioactive steam or

gas to a maximum pressure in the range of 40

to 80 psi ( 410 to 1400 kPa)

Materials used

reinforced steel or lead structure

Materials used

reinforced steel or lead structure

Reactor vessel :

It is an apparatus in which heat is produced

due to nuclear fission chain reaction for the generation of electricity.

Materials used 1.SA508 Gr.3 Class 1,2 (Manganese-Molybdenum alloy)

2.Inconel 617 (Clad) (nickel-chromium-iron) alloy3. 8 5/8 inches caebon outer boundry shield

These are alloys and they are oxidation and corrosion resistant materials well suited for service in extreme environments subjected to pressure and heat

Main Components

1. Reactor CoreIt consists of fuel elements, control rods, coolant,moderator and pressure vessels. Cores generally haveshapes of right circular cylinders with diametersranging from .5 to 15 metres.

Material usedFuel rods made of uranium rods clod in thin sheath ofstainless steel, zirconium or aluminium.

Real picture of reactor core :

2. Reflector

It is placed round the core, to reflect back

some of the neutrons that leak out from core

surface.

Material used Tungsten carbide

3. Control Rods

It is made up of heavy mass element . It

simply absorb the neutrons so that it can

either maintain or stop a reaction.

Material used

Cadmium,lead etc.

4. Moderator

To slow down neutrons from high velocities and

hence high energy level which they have on being

released from fission process so that probability of

neutron to hit the fuel rods increases.

Material used

1.Water H2O.

2.Heavy water D2O.

3.Graphite.

4.Beryllium.

Properties of Moderator

High slowing down power

Non corrosiveness

Chemical and radiation stability

High thermal stability

D2O is best for moderator.

5. Coolant

Coolant is used to remove intense heat produced in the

reactor and that heat can be transferred to water in a

separate vessel

which is converted into steam and runs the turbine.

Material used

Hg

He

CO2

H2O

6.Shielding

Shielding is required to protect the working

men from the harmful effects of the

radiation.

In fission, alpha particles, beta particles,

gamma rays, slow and fast neutrons are

formed in which gamma rays and fast

neutrons are of main significance.

Materials used

To provide protection against them, thick

layers of lead or concrete provided round the

reactor.

Thick layers of metals or plastics are

sufficient to stop alpha and beta particles.

Spent nuclear fuel

storage

a method of storing high-level radioactive

waste that has already been cooled

Spent fuel pool

Spent fuel pool

Steam generator:

Blades are made up of following alloys

Material used

SA533 Gr.B

Inconel 600

Incoloy 800

SA515 Gr.60

Thank you