comparison of four gas measurement technologies orifice ... · dp orifice established standards...
TRANSCRIPT
Comparison of Four Gas
Measurement Technologies
OrificeTurbineCoriolis amp
Ultrasonic
DAVID FISHER3Q Measurement Services
Over 30 years experience spanning all aspects of measurement inthe hydrocarbon supply chain including the design testing
consulting amp auditing of Measurement Systems
Affiliate of the Energy Institute Chartered Engineer with the Engineering Council CEngMember of the Institute of Measurement and Control MinstMC
Industry Paper already Presented
2002 NSFMW -co author David Fisher
In 15 years the same technologies
have advanced furthermore the
Industry Standards have changed
Todayrsquos Take-on these Technology Comparisons amp Add Liquefaction in the Supply Chain Applications
PREVIOUS STUDY
Today Kuwait is increasingly relying on imports of natural gas to meet domestic demand
KPC Drive to Increase NG production to 3 billion cubic feet per day by 2030
According to the Oil amp Gas Journal as of January 2016
~ 63 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven natural gas reserves
KUWAITrsquoS GAS LANDSCAPE
The Technologies that Industry Applies for High Accuracy Transfers in the Gas Supply Chain
MEASUREMENT DEVICES
DEVICES COMPARISONS
DP OrificeEstablished Standards
Simple amp RobustPhysical Inspection
Mechanical MetersExcellent short term Repeatability
Direct Pulse OutputGood Transient Response
Coriolis MetersDirect Mass Flow
Multi Variable DeviceMultiple Applications
WHY IOCrsquos SELECT CERTAIN
TECHNOLOGIES
Ultrasonic MetersNon Intrusive
Large Turn Down RatioLarge Diagnostics Range
GAS SUPPLY CHAIN
PRODUCTION TRANSMISSION STORAGE DISTRIBUTION
Assets Allocation Investment Trading amp Capacity Allocation Fiscal Transactions
I NEED SUSTAINABLE
ACCURACY
WHAT METER DO I NEED
I NEED RELIABLE MEASUREMENT
I NEED TOMEASURE MY STOCKS
amp BALANCES
Reserves
Production Processing CompressionTransmission
Import to LNG Tank Storage
City Gate Regulator
Domestic Demand
Conversion to LNG Export
Access by 3rd Parties
PRODUCTION - SEPARATOR
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A PRODUCTION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 800 kJoulemol
ALLOCATION PRODUCTION SEPARATOR
ASSOCIATED GAS LEG ndash Qmax 3-35 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Achieving Flow Turndownbull Operating at Low DPbull Installation FootprintTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt+-10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Flow Profile Sensitivebull High LVF Damage MeterTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Wet Gas
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Liquid Carry-Overbull Limitation on Small Sizes
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Upstream Pipework
Manual Intervention Frequent Blade Checks Periodic Re-Calibration
No Installation Effect
Can Re-Calibration on Water
TRANSMISSION - PIPELINE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A TRANSMISSION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
GATHERING CENTRE DISCHARGE TO
TRANSMISSION NETWORK ndash Qmax 1500 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Multiple Streams Required
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Large Amount of Gas being
Measured
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Master Metering Available
Many Meters Required
Multiple Equipment Checks
STORAGE - LNG
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A STORAGE APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash
Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density
Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted
Special materials
Frequent HSE checks
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
DAVID FISHER3Q Measurement Services
Over 30 years experience spanning all aspects of measurement inthe hydrocarbon supply chain including the design testing
consulting amp auditing of Measurement Systems
Affiliate of the Energy Institute Chartered Engineer with the Engineering Council CEngMember of the Institute of Measurement and Control MinstMC
Industry Paper already Presented
2002 NSFMW -co author David Fisher
In 15 years the same technologies
have advanced furthermore the
Industry Standards have changed
Todayrsquos Take-on these Technology Comparisons amp Add Liquefaction in the Supply Chain Applications
PREVIOUS STUDY
Today Kuwait is increasingly relying on imports of natural gas to meet domestic demand
KPC Drive to Increase NG production to 3 billion cubic feet per day by 2030
According to the Oil amp Gas Journal as of January 2016
~ 63 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven natural gas reserves
KUWAITrsquoS GAS LANDSCAPE
The Technologies that Industry Applies for High Accuracy Transfers in the Gas Supply Chain
MEASUREMENT DEVICES
DEVICES COMPARISONS
DP OrificeEstablished Standards
Simple amp RobustPhysical Inspection
Mechanical MetersExcellent short term Repeatability
Direct Pulse OutputGood Transient Response
Coriolis MetersDirect Mass Flow
Multi Variable DeviceMultiple Applications
WHY IOCrsquos SELECT CERTAIN
TECHNOLOGIES
Ultrasonic MetersNon Intrusive
Large Turn Down RatioLarge Diagnostics Range
GAS SUPPLY CHAIN
PRODUCTION TRANSMISSION STORAGE DISTRIBUTION
Assets Allocation Investment Trading amp Capacity Allocation Fiscal Transactions
I NEED SUSTAINABLE
ACCURACY
WHAT METER DO I NEED
I NEED RELIABLE MEASUREMENT
I NEED TOMEASURE MY STOCKS
amp BALANCES
Reserves
Production Processing CompressionTransmission
Import to LNG Tank Storage
City Gate Regulator
Domestic Demand
Conversion to LNG Export
Access by 3rd Parties
PRODUCTION - SEPARATOR
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A PRODUCTION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 800 kJoulemol
ALLOCATION PRODUCTION SEPARATOR
ASSOCIATED GAS LEG ndash Qmax 3-35 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Achieving Flow Turndownbull Operating at Low DPbull Installation FootprintTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt+-10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Flow Profile Sensitivebull High LVF Damage MeterTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Wet Gas
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Liquid Carry-Overbull Limitation on Small Sizes
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Upstream Pipework
Manual Intervention Frequent Blade Checks Periodic Re-Calibration
No Installation Effect
Can Re-Calibration on Water
TRANSMISSION - PIPELINE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A TRANSMISSION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
GATHERING CENTRE DISCHARGE TO
TRANSMISSION NETWORK ndash Qmax 1500 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Multiple Streams Required
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Large Amount of Gas being
Measured
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Master Metering Available
Many Meters Required
Multiple Equipment Checks
STORAGE - LNG
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A STORAGE APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash
Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density
Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted
Special materials
Frequent HSE checks
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
Industry Paper already Presented
2002 NSFMW -co author David Fisher
In 15 years the same technologies
have advanced furthermore the
Industry Standards have changed
Todayrsquos Take-on these Technology Comparisons amp Add Liquefaction in the Supply Chain Applications
PREVIOUS STUDY
Today Kuwait is increasingly relying on imports of natural gas to meet domestic demand
KPC Drive to Increase NG production to 3 billion cubic feet per day by 2030
According to the Oil amp Gas Journal as of January 2016
~ 63 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven natural gas reserves
KUWAITrsquoS GAS LANDSCAPE
The Technologies that Industry Applies for High Accuracy Transfers in the Gas Supply Chain
MEASUREMENT DEVICES
DEVICES COMPARISONS
DP OrificeEstablished Standards
Simple amp RobustPhysical Inspection
Mechanical MetersExcellent short term Repeatability
Direct Pulse OutputGood Transient Response
Coriolis MetersDirect Mass Flow
Multi Variable DeviceMultiple Applications
WHY IOCrsquos SELECT CERTAIN
TECHNOLOGIES
Ultrasonic MetersNon Intrusive
Large Turn Down RatioLarge Diagnostics Range
GAS SUPPLY CHAIN
PRODUCTION TRANSMISSION STORAGE DISTRIBUTION
Assets Allocation Investment Trading amp Capacity Allocation Fiscal Transactions
I NEED SUSTAINABLE
ACCURACY
WHAT METER DO I NEED
I NEED RELIABLE MEASUREMENT
I NEED TOMEASURE MY STOCKS
amp BALANCES
Reserves
Production Processing CompressionTransmission
Import to LNG Tank Storage
City Gate Regulator
Domestic Demand
Conversion to LNG Export
Access by 3rd Parties
PRODUCTION - SEPARATOR
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A PRODUCTION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 800 kJoulemol
ALLOCATION PRODUCTION SEPARATOR
ASSOCIATED GAS LEG ndash Qmax 3-35 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Achieving Flow Turndownbull Operating at Low DPbull Installation FootprintTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt+-10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Flow Profile Sensitivebull High LVF Damage MeterTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Wet Gas
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Liquid Carry-Overbull Limitation on Small Sizes
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Upstream Pipework
Manual Intervention Frequent Blade Checks Periodic Re-Calibration
No Installation Effect
Can Re-Calibration on Water
TRANSMISSION - PIPELINE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A TRANSMISSION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
GATHERING CENTRE DISCHARGE TO
TRANSMISSION NETWORK ndash Qmax 1500 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Multiple Streams Required
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Large Amount of Gas being
Measured
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Master Metering Available
Many Meters Required
Multiple Equipment Checks
STORAGE - LNG
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A STORAGE APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash
Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density
Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted
Special materials
Frequent HSE checks
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
Today Kuwait is increasingly relying on imports of natural gas to meet domestic demand
KPC Drive to Increase NG production to 3 billion cubic feet per day by 2030
According to the Oil amp Gas Journal as of January 2016
~ 63 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven natural gas reserves
KUWAITrsquoS GAS LANDSCAPE
The Technologies that Industry Applies for High Accuracy Transfers in the Gas Supply Chain
MEASUREMENT DEVICES
DEVICES COMPARISONS
DP OrificeEstablished Standards
Simple amp RobustPhysical Inspection
Mechanical MetersExcellent short term Repeatability
Direct Pulse OutputGood Transient Response
Coriolis MetersDirect Mass Flow
Multi Variable DeviceMultiple Applications
WHY IOCrsquos SELECT CERTAIN
TECHNOLOGIES
Ultrasonic MetersNon Intrusive
Large Turn Down RatioLarge Diagnostics Range
GAS SUPPLY CHAIN
PRODUCTION TRANSMISSION STORAGE DISTRIBUTION
Assets Allocation Investment Trading amp Capacity Allocation Fiscal Transactions
I NEED SUSTAINABLE
ACCURACY
WHAT METER DO I NEED
I NEED RELIABLE MEASUREMENT
I NEED TOMEASURE MY STOCKS
amp BALANCES
Reserves
Production Processing CompressionTransmission
Import to LNG Tank Storage
City Gate Regulator
Domestic Demand
Conversion to LNG Export
Access by 3rd Parties
PRODUCTION - SEPARATOR
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A PRODUCTION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 800 kJoulemol
ALLOCATION PRODUCTION SEPARATOR
ASSOCIATED GAS LEG ndash Qmax 3-35 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Achieving Flow Turndownbull Operating at Low DPbull Installation FootprintTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt+-10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Flow Profile Sensitivebull High LVF Damage MeterTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Wet Gas
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Liquid Carry-Overbull Limitation on Small Sizes
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Upstream Pipework
Manual Intervention Frequent Blade Checks Periodic Re-Calibration
No Installation Effect
Can Re-Calibration on Water
TRANSMISSION - PIPELINE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A TRANSMISSION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
GATHERING CENTRE DISCHARGE TO
TRANSMISSION NETWORK ndash Qmax 1500 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Multiple Streams Required
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Large Amount of Gas being
Measured
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Master Metering Available
Many Meters Required
Multiple Equipment Checks
STORAGE - LNG
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A STORAGE APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash
Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density
Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted
Special materials
Frequent HSE checks
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
The Technologies that Industry Applies for High Accuracy Transfers in the Gas Supply Chain
MEASUREMENT DEVICES
DEVICES COMPARISONS
DP OrificeEstablished Standards
Simple amp RobustPhysical Inspection
Mechanical MetersExcellent short term Repeatability
Direct Pulse OutputGood Transient Response
Coriolis MetersDirect Mass Flow
Multi Variable DeviceMultiple Applications
WHY IOCrsquos SELECT CERTAIN
TECHNOLOGIES
Ultrasonic MetersNon Intrusive
Large Turn Down RatioLarge Diagnostics Range
GAS SUPPLY CHAIN
PRODUCTION TRANSMISSION STORAGE DISTRIBUTION
Assets Allocation Investment Trading amp Capacity Allocation Fiscal Transactions
I NEED SUSTAINABLE
ACCURACY
WHAT METER DO I NEED
I NEED RELIABLE MEASUREMENT
I NEED TOMEASURE MY STOCKS
amp BALANCES
Reserves
Production Processing CompressionTransmission
Import to LNG Tank Storage
City Gate Regulator
Domestic Demand
Conversion to LNG Export
Access by 3rd Parties
PRODUCTION - SEPARATOR
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A PRODUCTION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 800 kJoulemol
ALLOCATION PRODUCTION SEPARATOR
ASSOCIATED GAS LEG ndash Qmax 3-35 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Achieving Flow Turndownbull Operating at Low DPbull Installation FootprintTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt+-10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Flow Profile Sensitivebull High LVF Damage MeterTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Wet Gas
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Liquid Carry-Overbull Limitation on Small Sizes
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Upstream Pipework
Manual Intervention Frequent Blade Checks Periodic Re-Calibration
No Installation Effect
Can Re-Calibration on Water
TRANSMISSION - PIPELINE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A TRANSMISSION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
GATHERING CENTRE DISCHARGE TO
TRANSMISSION NETWORK ndash Qmax 1500 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Multiple Streams Required
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Large Amount of Gas being
Measured
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Master Metering Available
Many Meters Required
Multiple Equipment Checks
STORAGE - LNG
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A STORAGE APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash
Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density
Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted
Special materials
Frequent HSE checks
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
DEVICES COMPARISONS
DP OrificeEstablished Standards
Simple amp RobustPhysical Inspection
Mechanical MetersExcellent short term Repeatability
Direct Pulse OutputGood Transient Response
Coriolis MetersDirect Mass Flow
Multi Variable DeviceMultiple Applications
WHY IOCrsquos SELECT CERTAIN
TECHNOLOGIES
Ultrasonic MetersNon Intrusive
Large Turn Down RatioLarge Diagnostics Range
GAS SUPPLY CHAIN
PRODUCTION TRANSMISSION STORAGE DISTRIBUTION
Assets Allocation Investment Trading amp Capacity Allocation Fiscal Transactions
I NEED SUSTAINABLE
ACCURACY
WHAT METER DO I NEED
I NEED RELIABLE MEASUREMENT
I NEED TOMEASURE MY STOCKS
amp BALANCES
Reserves
Production Processing CompressionTransmission
Import to LNG Tank Storage
City Gate Regulator
Domestic Demand
Conversion to LNG Export
Access by 3rd Parties
PRODUCTION - SEPARATOR
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A PRODUCTION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 800 kJoulemol
ALLOCATION PRODUCTION SEPARATOR
ASSOCIATED GAS LEG ndash Qmax 3-35 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Achieving Flow Turndownbull Operating at Low DPbull Installation FootprintTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt+-10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Flow Profile Sensitivebull High LVF Damage MeterTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Wet Gas
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Liquid Carry-Overbull Limitation on Small Sizes
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Upstream Pipework
Manual Intervention Frequent Blade Checks Periodic Re-Calibration
No Installation Effect
Can Re-Calibration on Water
TRANSMISSION - PIPELINE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A TRANSMISSION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
GATHERING CENTRE DISCHARGE TO
TRANSMISSION NETWORK ndash Qmax 1500 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Multiple Streams Required
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Large Amount of Gas being
Measured
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Master Metering Available
Many Meters Required
Multiple Equipment Checks
STORAGE - LNG
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A STORAGE APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash
Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density
Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted
Special materials
Frequent HSE checks
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
GAS SUPPLY CHAIN
PRODUCTION TRANSMISSION STORAGE DISTRIBUTION
Assets Allocation Investment Trading amp Capacity Allocation Fiscal Transactions
I NEED SUSTAINABLE
ACCURACY
WHAT METER DO I NEED
I NEED RELIABLE MEASUREMENT
I NEED TOMEASURE MY STOCKS
amp BALANCES
Reserves
Production Processing CompressionTransmission
Import to LNG Tank Storage
City Gate Regulator
Domestic Demand
Conversion to LNG Export
Access by 3rd Parties
PRODUCTION - SEPARATOR
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A PRODUCTION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 800 kJoulemol
ALLOCATION PRODUCTION SEPARATOR
ASSOCIATED GAS LEG ndash Qmax 3-35 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Achieving Flow Turndownbull Operating at Low DPbull Installation FootprintTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt+-10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Flow Profile Sensitivebull High LVF Damage MeterTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Wet Gas
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Liquid Carry-Overbull Limitation on Small Sizes
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Upstream Pipework
Manual Intervention Frequent Blade Checks Periodic Re-Calibration
No Installation Effect
Can Re-Calibration on Water
TRANSMISSION - PIPELINE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A TRANSMISSION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
GATHERING CENTRE DISCHARGE TO
TRANSMISSION NETWORK ndash Qmax 1500 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Multiple Streams Required
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Large Amount of Gas being
Measured
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Master Metering Available
Many Meters Required
Multiple Equipment Checks
STORAGE - LNG
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A STORAGE APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash
Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density
Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted
Special materials
Frequent HSE checks
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
PRODUCTION - SEPARATOR
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A PRODUCTION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 800 kJoulemol
ALLOCATION PRODUCTION SEPARATOR
ASSOCIATED GAS LEG ndash Qmax 3-35 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Achieving Flow Turndownbull Operating at Low DPbull Installation FootprintTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt+-10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Flow Profile Sensitivebull High LVF Damage MeterTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Wet Gas
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Liquid Carry-Overbull Limitation on Small Sizes
Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Upstream Pipework
Manual Intervention Frequent Blade Checks Periodic Re-Calibration
No Installation Effect
Can Re-Calibration on Water
TRANSMISSION - PIPELINE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A TRANSMISSION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
GATHERING CENTRE DISCHARGE TO
TRANSMISSION NETWORK ndash Qmax 1500 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Multiple Streams Required
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Large Amount of Gas being
Measured
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Master Metering Available
Many Meters Required
Multiple Equipment Checks
STORAGE - LNG
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A STORAGE APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash
Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density
Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted
Special materials
Frequent HSE checks
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
TRANSMISSION - PIPELINE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A TRANSMISSION APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
GATHERING CENTRE DISCHARGE TO
TRANSMISSION NETWORK ndash Qmax 1500 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Multiple Streams Required
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull Large Amount of Gas being
Measured
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Master Metering Available
Many Meters Required
Multiple Equipment Checks
STORAGE - LNG
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A STORAGE APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash
Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density
Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted
Special materials
Frequent HSE checks
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
STORAGE - LNG
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A STORAGE APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 900 kJoulemol
LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash
Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement
Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable
Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density
Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint
Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted
Special materials
Frequent HSE checks
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE
COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES
IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION
In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 920 kJoulemol
CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD
Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach
ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown
Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear
Application Challenges ndashbull PRS
Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate
Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear
CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs
OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies
Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes
Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance
Ease of Installation
Low Maintenance requirements
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect
WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume
LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference
For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES
CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters
ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)
TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters
ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas
GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
CONCLUSION
IN SUMMARY
PRODUCTION METERING
it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX
and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity
to process upsets in terms of for functionality and
accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can
provide the best economical solution
PIPELINE METERING
In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown
that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic
option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to
very large volumes the technology copes best
LNG STORAGE
When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and
knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and
outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are
well adapted for this application
CITY GATE METERING
For the distribution example with small consumers the
Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution
However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic
meters can provide the best economic solution
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm
Thanks for Attention
Back at 1250pm