community-based technology solutions: the pintadas solar project in brazil rodolfo pasinetti rome,...
TRANSCRIPT
Community-based technology solutions:The Pintadas solar project in Brazil
Rodolfo PasinettiRome, 20 November 2008
Second IMI CLIMTRAIN workshop
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT:
OPTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR IFAD
The need for technological solutions
Rome, 20 November 2008
• Technology innovation can help communities to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
• The UNFCCC emphasises the importance of technology transfer to address climate change and recognises that developing countries are less able to take advantage of new technologies.
• Technology transfer requires a framework that entails:– Hardware: the machinery or tools– Software: the capacity and processes involved in the use
of technologies– “Orgware”: the ownership and institutional arrangements
of the organization or community where technology will be used.
Adaptation methodology (I)
Rome, 20 November 2008
• The objective of an adaptation strategy is to be a reference for a “best practice” in adaptation
• The methodology for developing the strategy should outline all key components that are necessary to implement specific adaptation projects in a successful way
Adaptation methodology (II)
Rome, 20 November 2008
Project identification and boundaries Definition of the baseline scenario General planning of the project Setting up the activities Monitoring plan and definition of the new scenario Evaluation Identification of scale-up possibilities
The process phases should follow a methodology that allows to identify the characteristics of the project as a “best practice”
Rome, 20 November 2008
The 4th Report of the National Working Group for Strategic Planning to the President of Brazil pointed out that the semi-arid region will experience longer periods of droughts and intense precipitations condensed over shorter periods of time. This is likely to affect the current water cycle and the way in which water is stored in local surface and groundwater reservoir. Poor communities are likely to suffer most because of their little capacity and resources to cope with such changes.
Project identification and boundaries (I)
Mapping the climate change vulnerable region/area and sector Mapping poverty at national, sub-national, socio-economic and
occupational group Overlaying climate change and poverty (locate poverty hot-spot in
relation with CC) Identify geographical and socio-economic boundaries (target group)
Project identification and boundaries (II)
Rome, 20 November 2008
Pintadas• About 12,000 people
– 66% living in rural area• Pasture and agriculture
– Mostly subsitence agriculture• Poverty
– HDI 0.625 (Namibia)– GDP per capita 800 $ per year
• Recurrent droughts• Manual irrigation• Since the 1960’s, construction of artificial water reservoirs (barreiros or
barragens) mostly for water supply, domestic use, pasture, subsistence agriculture
• Today there are over 50 barragens that can support efficient irrigation (about 130-200 hectares)
Definition of the baseline scenario
Rome, 20 November 2008
Analyze what will be the impacts of climate change in a region that keeps using “conventional” technologies/strategies
What will happen to farmers in Pintadas, with decreasing rainfall, if they will not have access to modern irrigation technologies?
In Pintadas the baseline is defined by:
the impacts of climate change in the region investigated, i.e.decrease of rainfall
the impact to the target group, i.e. the farmers keep using “conventional” technologies such as hand irrigation
General planning of the project
Rome, 20 November 2008
Objectives:to create a project typology in the context of adaptation to climate
change in semi-arid regionsto empower communities to own, use and generate income from
clean technologiesto develop a partnership model that can be replicated
How to achieve this?by analyzing other local experiences (if existing)by articulating with direct and indirect project partnersby selecting the beneficiaries (through proper selection criteria)by developing a technology platform based on efficient and clean
irrigation and water pumping technologies that increase the agricultural yields of local food crops
by supporting farmers to own the model and make them more entrepreneurial
Setting up project activities (I)
Rome, 20 November 2008
Definition of the technology platform:•to increase food production•to produce food surplus to supply local markets•to produce different kinds of crops (for different uses)
Technological options for irrigation and pumping:•contact with suppliers•acquisition and installation of systems•capacity building
Setting up project activities (II)
Rome, 20 November 2008
• 2 organoponic systems of 75 m2
– Green leaves vegetables only– Other variants with fruits and
other culturesCost of about 7000 R$ (3500 $)
• 5 drip irrigation– 4 systems sharing a diesel pump– 1 system with a solar photovoltaic
pumpCost between 3000 and 4500 R$ ($ 1500 and $ 2400)
Monitoring plan (I)
Rome, 20 November 2008
Products sold
Tomatoes
Salad
Cowflower
Sunflower
Corn
Mashishi
Green pepper
Chilli pepper
Aubergine
Pumpkins
System 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
May
200
7Ju
ne July
Augus
t
Septe
mbe
r
Octob
er
Novem
ber
Decem
ber
Janu
ary
2008
Febru
ary
Mar
chApr
ilM
ay
R$
anosR
R
Rxmeses
RTP 3.6
$720
$4560
$6012
$4560
Monitoring plan (II)
Rome, 20 November 2008
Products sold
Tomato
Beans
Green pepper
Cachiche
Quiabo
Pepino
Salad
Persika
Spieces
System 2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
June
200
7Ju
ly
Augus
t
Septe
mbe
r
Octobe
r
Novem
ber
Decem
ber
Janu
ary 2
008
Febru
ary
Mar
chApr
ilM
ayJu
ne July
Augus
t
Septe
mbe
r
Octobe
r
Novem
ber
Decem
ber
R$ Venda, R$
Custo diesel, R$
Lucro, R$
anosR
R
Rxmeses
RTP 2.1
$2400
$2825
$20012
$2825
Evaluation
Rome, 20 November 2008
The 7 project beneficiaries – Are self-sufficient in terms of
food production and consumption
– Have an extra income– Have gone through a learning
process that has enhanced their leadership skills
The project– Has been a catalyzer for
partnerships– Has given hope to local farmers
Tempo de pagamento do sistema
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Flor Tonho Si Lita Valtinho-Rosangela
Yea
rs
Renda maxima (R$/mes)
R$ 0
R$ 50
R$ 100
R$ 150
R$ 200
R$ 250
Flor Tonho Si Lita Valtinho-Rosangela
Payback of the system–1 to 6 years–Microfinance is applicable
Scaling up
Rome, 20 November 2008
1. Articulation of the partnership2. Creation of a revolving fund3. Identification of land and water resources for replication4. Identification of other technological platforms5. Capacity building mechanism for small farmers6. Monitoring7. Launching a municipal program8. Replication in other municipalities