community-based property rights as applied to the mining

8/2/2019 Community-based Property Rights as Applied to the Mining

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RENEWING THE CALL FOR LEGALRECOGNITION OF COMMUNITY-

BASED PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR

MINING COMMUNITIES


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Mt. Canatuan is our sacredmountain. That is the place where themortal and the immortal made their first pact. We have not committed sins

towards the people or government of Canada. We do not even know whereor what Canada is! Hopefully the people of Canada and the governmentof Canada will help stop thedestruction of our sacred places. Thankyou. Timuay Fernando Mudai


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Look, that dam could break at any time,maybe next week, maybe tomorrow, I dont know. But I do know that when itdoes happen, my house and my family will

probably be destroyed. And just like lasttime, the company will blame it on an Actof God. I want that picture to exist, sothat people can know what happened. For

that, I would be willing to sacrificemyself.

Imaginebeing forced into a situation where you livedin a houseand a contractor puts a huge swimming poolup on your roof. You then suddenly receive a secret reportthat says the roof can cave in at any time and the water can drown you and your children who live below!Howwould you feel if you had no other place to live? If you feeldesperate, you have just put yourselves in the shoesofalmost 100,000 villagers in my home province of

Marinduque.

- Congressman Edmund Reyes fromMarinduque.


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Primary legitimacy is drawn from thecommunity in which they exist, and not fromthe nation state in which they are located.

Not granted by the stateRecognized by international, anthropological andnatural law conceptsDoes not specifically refer to what kind of rights

exist but primarily on the existence of such rights.


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Refers to the primary right of localcommunities (whether indigenous orotherwise) to manage and control their natural

resources.NOT community-based natural resourcemanagementNOT merely a common property or community

property regimeNOT co-management and joint management


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Enforced by the communityEstablishment of rights and obligations regardingnatural resource management

Long established communities have a moredeveloped understanding and reliance onCBPRs with respect to natural resourcemanagement owing to their inherentknowledge of local conditions

While this refers to indigenous communities, theterm does not exclude other local communities


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While such rights are not granted by the State andits recognition by the State is not required for itsexistence, the recognition by the State of CBPRs isdesirable for:

It facilitates the enforcement of such rights by the State;It promotes environmental justice;It aids the government in fulfilling its responsibility toresource-dependent communities;It provides an assurance to the people that they willbenefit more from their investment in terms of time andlabor;It would promote the involvement of local andindigenous communities in protecting ecosystems andnatural resource areas.


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PERSONAL GROUP

PUBLIC

PRIVATE


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YES. Indigenous peoples.Article XIII, Section 6 of the 1987 Constitution recognizesthe right of indigenous peoples to their ancestral lands.

Local subsistence fishermenArticle XIII, Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution provides:Section 7. The State shall protect the rights of subsistence fishermen,especially of local communities, to the preferential use of thecommunal marine and fishing resources, both inland and offshore. Itshall provide support to such fishermen through appropriatetechnology and research, adequate financial, production, andmarketing assistance, and other services. The State shall also protect,develop, and conserve such resources. The protection shall extend tooffshore fishing grounds of subsistence fishermen against foreignintrusion. Fishworkers shall receive a just share from their labor in theutilization of marine and fishing resources.


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For indigenous peoples (IPRA)Right to ownership by way of native title

Under an indigenous concept of ownershipRight to develop lands and natural resourcesRight to stay in the territoriesRight in case of displacementRight to regulate entry of migrantsRight to safe and clean air and waterRight to claim parts of reservationsRight to resolve conflict

Right to alienate ancestral lands in accordance with customarylawRight to redemption

For subsistence fishermen, only such rightsenumerated in the Constitution are recognized.


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For local communities, the Sections 2(c), 26,and 27 of the Local Government Codeexplicitly require , before the implementationof a project, the conduct of prior consultationsby the National Government with the localgovernment units, nongovernmentalorganizations, and other sectors as well as theapproval of the Sanggunian concerned.In Alvarez v. PICOP Resources, Inc., G.R. No.162243, December 3, 2009, the aforementionedrequirement was held to be mandatory.


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Right to a healthful and balanced ecologyRight to free, prior, and informed consentRight to a livelihoodRight to self determinationRight to informationRight to life and all other rights necessary for adignified life


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With respect to mineral resources, however, the State retainsownership thereover as well as the prerogative to explore,develop, and utilize the same under following modesallowed under Article XII, Section 2 of the Constitution:

Direct development by the State;

Co-production, Joint Venture, or Production sharing agreementswith Filipino citizens or corporations whose sixty percentum ofcapital is owned by Filipinos;Small scale utilization by Filipino citizens; andFinancial and Technical Assistance Agreement with foreign-ownedcorporations

Somewhere along the line however, local communities wereremoved from the picture except only insofar as thesafeguards of prior consultation and approval as providedby the Local Government Code.


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Project specificationsThe Tampakan deposit is one largest undeveloped copper-golddeposits in the Southeast Asia-Western Pacific Region

Totalling 2.2 billion tons of 0.6% grade copper and 0.2 grams per tonof gold.

According to its projected timeframe, the mine will be operationalby 2016

It has the capacity to process at a rate of 66 million tons per year andis projected to yield 340,000 tons of copper and 350,000 ounces ofgold per yearOnce operational, the mine is expected to operate for at least 20 years


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Project locationArea is within 4municipalities in 4provinces and 2 regions(Region 11 & 12)Tampakan, SouthCotabatoKiblawan, Davao del

SurColumbio, SultanKudaratMalungon, Sarangani


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Project facilities:Open pit mineOre overland transportCopper concentratorTailings storage facility

Waste rock storage facilityAggregate quarry andborrow pitsWater treatment plantsFreshwater storage facility

Administration facilities


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Off-site facilities include the following:Concrete pipeline (for mining effluent)Power station

Transmission linesShip loading facilityMine site access roads


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BENEFITS DETRIMENT

EmploymentopportunitiesDevelopment ofcommunalinfrastructureAnnual royalties forIndigenous PeoplesPotential for ruraldevelopment

Mining wastes pose a realand significant biohazard

Threat to local watersupplyDust, noise, and vibrationimpact from miningoperations

Displacement ofcommunitiesLegacy of miningoperations


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Disturbance ofecosystem andbiodiversity

Long termcontamination of theenvironment


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THIS IS NOT THE ULTIMATE SOLUTIONLegal recognition of not only an individual buta community

Recall that public group rights are the strongestFrom the perspective of Environmental Justice,it is the empowerment of the minority and theweak whose interests are often forsaken by themajority, those politically relevant, and eventhe State which is duty-bound to act andprotect their rights and interests


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Pictures were taken from:http://saverapurapu.blogspot.com/2008/07/revisiting-marinduque-mining-disaster.html http://ledzep.biz/aga/?p=268 http://www.adnu.edu.ph/institutes/inecar/rapu-rapu/reason03.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CanatuanCopperMine.jpg http://bvmolm.blogspot.com/ http://pcij.org/stories/the-canadian-quandary/ http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR5ZyIM32FYH-TRkYxYXO3nHz4QFj5lOurMg2bP_2OCahC_NlaB http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQQYZ0OSab-1Fs3y-Z1ngu4RR74Y49Lf3xV4BLTXIGGvqB6vAho

http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT_8RcmJIAQU32BWmjA7tDduv7LU6VPQZzWauciICgDoq_TV0F7 http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcStqUf9R84pT1i6tHL7pE4Eb6kgeEq7iCM4Gk0_IJGqjN4YwQnFQA http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRwXArDHshmQbW2ZYoNc1hLS-qNL5iAj5iNpbBMwunC2cL-Vt1F http://alexfelipe.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/all-that-glitters-nominated-for-a-natl-mag-award/ http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_YlGMhFSZf9o/TAzH_QH1KHI/AAAAAAAAAUU/jMbD7f8IobM/s1600/Photo+13.jpg http://www.smi.com.ph/publications_library.cfm

Lynch, O., Promoting Legal Recognition of Community-Based Property Rights, Including theCommons: Some Theoretical Considerations, Symposium of the International Association for theStudy of Common Property and the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, IndianaUniversity, Bloomington, Indiana, June 7, 1999.Lynch, O., Community-based Property Rights (CBPRs): A Concept Note. Center for InternationalEnvironmental Law Issue Brief (2002).Lynch, O. and Maggio, G., Mountain Laws and Peoples: Moving Towards Sustainable Developmentand Recognition of Community-Based Property Rights, Center for International Environmental LawWashington, DC, USA.
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community-based property rights as applied to the mining

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