communicative grammar ii
DESCRIPTION
Contiene temas como Adjetives, Verbos, Superlatives.TRANSCRIPT
ESCUELA: INGLÉS NOMBRES:
COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR II
FECHA:
ING. PAOLA A. CABRERA SOLANO
OCTUBRE 2008 – FEBRERO 2009
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SECOND TERMPART V: NOUNS AND ARTICLES:
REVIEW AND EXPANSION
TWENTY ONE: NOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS
TWENTY TWO: ARTICLES: INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE
PART VI: ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
TWENTY THREE: ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
TWENTY FOUR: COMPARISONS WITH AS ……. As AND THAN
TWENTY FIVE: ADJECTIVES: SUPERLATIVES
TWENTY SIX: ADVERBS: AS….AS, COMPARATIVES, SUPERLATIVES
PART VII: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
TWENTY SEVEN: GERUNDS: SUBJECT AND OBJECT
TWENTY EIGHT: GERUNDS AFTER PREPOSITIONS
TWENTY NINE: INFINITIVES AFTER CERTAIN VERBS
THIRTY: INFINITIVES OF PURPOSE
THIRTY ONE: INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
THIRTY TWO: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
PART VIII: MORE MODALS AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS
THIRTY THREE: PREFERENCES: PREFER, WOULD PREFER, WOULD RATHER
THIRTY FOUR: NECESSITY: HAVE (GOT) TO, MUST, DON’T HAVE TO, MUST NOT, CAN’T
THIRTY FIVE: EXPECTATIONS: BE SUPPOSED TO
THIRTY SIX: FUTURE POSSIBILITY: MAY, MIGHT, COULD
THIRTY SEVEN: CONCLUSIONS: MUST, HAVE (GOT) TO, MAY, MIGHT, COULD, CAN’T
UNIT 21 NOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS
Proper nouns are the names of particular people, places, or things. Examples: Egypt, October, Chinese.
Common nouns refer to people, places and things, but not by their names. Example: builder, city, country.
COUNT NOUNS People, places or things you can count
separately.
Singular or plural.
They take singular or plural verbs.
You can use a / an or the before them.
COUNT NOUNS: EXAMPLES
NOUN COUNT NOUNS Are things that you cannot count separately.
They have no plural forms.
They take singular verbs and pronouns.
We usually do not use a/an with them.
QUANTIFIERS
We saw many people
We saw much pollution
UNIT 23ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Adjectives describe people paces or things.
This place is quiet.My book is interesting.
Adverbs give more information about verbs, adjectives or another adverbs.
They got it very quickly
He walks slowly
Adverbs of manner:lyAdverbs of frequency: how often something happens.
slow - slowlyloud - loudlyusuallyoftensometimes
UNIT 24ADJECTIVES: COMPARISONS WITH AS … AS AND THAN
Use (not) as + adjective + as to compare people, places, or things.
Pizza Place is as good as Joe’sThis car isn’t as expensive as mine.
Use comparative adjectives + than to show how people, places or things are different
Quito is bigger than Loja.The new teacher is more professional than the old one.
Several ways of forming comparative adjectives. Pages 279 - 280Some examples
Loud - louderLate - laterGood - badMore - interestingLess - interesting
UNIT 25: ADJECTIVES - SUPERLATIVES
Superlative adjectives to compare one person, place, or thing with other people, places, or things in a group.
Gina is the most intelligent in the class.
Blue is the nicest color.
For short adjetives (1 and 2 syllables ending in – y) use the + adjective + - est
loud – the loudestfriendly + the friendliest
For long adjetives (two or more syllables), use the most / the least + adjective
The most expensive.The least expensive.
The superlative is used with words and expressions such as:
in - ofone of or some ofsecond, third, fourth etc.ever + present perfect
This is the biggest city in the world.Toronto is one of the most wonderful cities in the world.It has the third largest transportation systemThis is the biggest building I’ve ever seen.
UNIT 25: ADJECTIVES - SUPERLATIVES
UNIT 2 GERUNDS: SUBECT AND OBJECT
A gerund ( base form of the verb + ing) is a verb that we use like a noun.
•Teaching English is great.•Swimming is relaxing.•The doctor suggested not drinking coffe for a while.
A gerund can be the subject of a sentence. It is always singular. Use the third – person – singular form of the verb after gerunds.
Eating fish makes me sick
Smoking gives me bronchitis
A gerund can also be the object of certain verbs. Use a gerund after these verbs:admit, avoid, consider, deny, dislike, enjoy, and so on.
I dislike staying near smokers in cafés.
We finished studying and went out.
UNIT 30: INFINITIVES OF PURPOSE
To + base form of the verb to explain purpose of an action. Why?
Why did you go to the mall?I went there to buy a new computer.
In order to + base form of verb to explain a purpose.
In order not to + base form of verb to explain a negative purpose.
I bought my first camera phone in order to send instant photos.Reporters use camera phones in order not to miss deadlines.
UNIT 32: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
It is important to review the lists of vebs that can be followed by gerunds or infinitives on
pages 357 and 358
GERUNDS INFINITIVES
She loves taking long breaks She loves to take long breaksChanging habits is hard It’s hard to change habitsHe enjoys going to the park He wants to go to the
park
UNIT 33: PREFERENCES: PREFER, WOULD PREFER, WOULD RATHER
We prefer Italian food.
I’d rather go. More info 379
We’d prefer to have Chinese food.
UNIT 36: FUTURE POSSIBILITY: MAY, MIGHT, COULD
It may be windy later.It could rain tomorrow. More info
408It might get cold tonight.
It might not rain You may not need a book More info 408I couldn’t do that
UNIT 37: CONLUSIONS: MUST, HAVE (GOT) TO, MAY, MIGHT, COULD, CAN’T
His house must be quite small.It’s got to be a joke.She might be a singer.
His house must be quite small.It’s got to be a joke.She might be a singer.
UNIT 37: CONLUSIONS: MUST, HAVE (GOT) TO, MAY, MIGHT, COULD, CAN’T
They can’t be dead.She must not be a doctor.It can’t be true.
They can’t be dead.She must not be a doctor.It can’t be true.
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