RAILWAY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT ON-

Presented by:

VIKASH KUMAR ANSHU KUMAR RAKESH KUMAR HARSH

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF-

H.O.D. MR YOGESH BAHENDWAR

CONTENTS:

• INTRODUCTION• PARTS OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION- 1.RAILNET 2.FOIS• COMMUNICATION• METHOD OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAYS• TRANSMISSION METHOD• NETWORK COMPONENTS

INTRODUCTION TO RAILWAYS Indian Railway is certainly the 'Lifeline of the Nation' with its

commendable performance since the last 150 years having 11270 trains each day on a total rail route of 62,480km.

Indian Railways is known to be the largest railway network in Asia and world's largest railway system under a single management with 16 zones.

IR employs about 1.6 million people, making itself the second largest commercial or utility employer in the world.

The Durg-Bhilai area comes under the South East Central Railway whose headquarters is at Bilaspur. It started functioning as a separate zone from 5th April 2003.

1.RAILNET

PRSPASSENGER RESERVATION SYSTEM

UTSUNRESERVE

D TICKETING SERVICE

P.A. SYSTEM

IVRSINTERACTIV

E VOICE RESPONSE

SYSTEM

PARTS OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION-

1.PRS- The ticketing and reservation system for railway passenger transport completes the pre-sale and sale management of tickets and covers all administration levels. It is under passenger transport department and connected with the regional headquarters and then with the main frame computers in Mumbai. Indian Railway’s web-site, www.indianrail.gov.in offers PRS enquiries on the internet Berth/Seat availability, Passenger Status, Fare, Train Schedule etc. PRS is running currently at 1,200 locations, Deploying 4,000 terminals , covering journeys of 3,000 trains and executing ONE MILLION passenger transactions per day.

RAILNET-Railnet is a network which is run by the Indian Railway for its customer service purpose. Passengers can access Railnet through internet and can get user required data about train schedule, ticketing, reservation, train running information etc.

Reservation storage file

Passenger

Reservation Process

Enquiry

Ticket Generation Process

Report to Admin

Data Storage

PRS SYSTEM

2. UTS- Unreserved ticketing system involve in printing, accounting and issuing unreserved tickets. A Client Based UTS system is implemented in several locations so that ticketing activity can continue even if the communication link or the server goes down for some time.

3. P.A. SYSTEM- Announcements of train arrivals, departure, delays, etc. through preprogrammed messages are stored on data voice recorders on stations along the railway line.

4. IVRS- An interactive voice response system that can recognize a customer’s voice and answer queries as well as any person. It can enhance our organization’s efficiency unlike conventional interactive systems.

IVR Server

2.FOIS NETWORK

CMS(Crew Management System)

ICMS(Integrated Coach Management System)

Goods Management System

TMS(Terminal Management System)

Revenue Accounting System

CENTRAL SWITCH

Process Of Communication-

Steps-

a. Input transductionb. Processing(Amplification and

Modulation)**c. Transmission**d. Receptione. Output transduction

# Conversion from Analog to Digital-

Pulse-code modulation(PCM) is a method used to digitally represent the analog signals. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps.

For ex.- the quantized values of a sine signal at the sampling moments are 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 14, etc. Encoding these values as binary numbers would result in the following set of nibbles: 0111 (23×0+22×1+21×1+20×1=0+4+2+1=7), 1001, 1011, 1100, 1101, 1110, 1110, 1111, 1111, 1111, 1110, etc.

METHODS OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAYS-

Optical Fibre Communication- * Between major stations * Multiple links possible in between * Fastest and secure * Largest band width * Can carry very large no. of channels Microwave- * Wireless method * Prone to weather * Max range up to 40kms * Bandwidth of 300MHz-300GHz Radio Communication- * Between driver and station master * Low distance communication within a railway station

LAN- * Wired communication between different computers at a station * Internet or Intranet access may be there * RJ-45(8 pin connection) cable or coaxial cable is used. * Works within a station

Telephonic communication- * Connects different offices, loco-sheds, homes of officials * Works via a telephone line * Often single channel is used * Separate Railway Telecom. Exchange is set up for this purpose

Transmission Methods-

1. PDH- The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy  is a technology used in telecommunications networks to transport large quantities of data over digital transport equipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio systems2. SDH- The Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams over optical fiber using lasers or highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes. The method was developed to replace the PDH system for transporting large amounts of telephone calls and data traffic over the same fiber without synchronization problems.

3 .WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing)-

It is a technology which multiplexes a number of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths. DWDM originally to optical signals multiplexed within the 1550 nm band so as to leverage the capabilities and cost of erbium doped fiber amplifiers(EDFAs), which are effective for wavelengths between approximately 1525–1610nm.

WDM Setup

Sender’s PC

Switch

Router

Router

Switch

Receiver’s PC

Two way links

Network Components-1. Router2. Switch3. Firewall4. Network Interface Card

RouterA router translates information from one network to another. It is similar to a super intelligent bridge.

A Router Can-1. Direct signal traffic efficiently.2. Route messages b\w any two protocols.3. Route messages b\w linear bus, star and star-wired ring topologies.4. Route messages across fiber optics, coaxial & twisted pair cabling.

SwitchThe switch is used to interconnect the nodes. But it is more complex, versatile and also there is no division of bandwidth among the nodes.

A Router

FirewallIt is security purpose software, which is used to secure the server contents, so the outside user could not temper the information; the user can read the information but can not write any thing.

Network Interface CardIt is a device having intelligence to control access to the networks and enable communication across the network. Through NIC the nodes are connected functionally and physically to the network. It is also called network adapter.

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