communicationcommunication

• Communication is the mutual exchange of information and understanding by any effective means.Giving information is not enough,just because a person hears does not necessarily mean that person also understand.So,it must have mutuality of undrestanding.

Elements of communicationElements of communication

• Source (Who sends messages):Sender

• Target (To whom it is directed):Receiver

• Message (what sent):data,Voice(video,audio)

• Media(through which):Air,mw,optical,cupper cable

• Response (what effect):Clearity

Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication

• Communication is the information(message) transfered between source to destination via air.

WirelessTechnology1. CDMA Skyphone,fixed phone,postpaid,3G Capacity-10 lakh2. GSM( FDMA) Prepaid,post paid,3GCapacity-50 lakh

Wireless EvolutionWireless Evolution

• Analog-1G-amps,nmt,tacs etc

• Digital-2G-GSM,pdc,tdma,CDMA

• Wideband-3G-WCDMA,edge-CDMA 2000

Landmarks before 3GLandmarks before 3G

• 1776 A.D.:speaking telegram(Graham Bell).

• 1897: First wirelee tramission(marconi).

• 1946:first public mobile telephone.

• 1970:first digital switch.

• 1982: first commercial cellular system.

• 1992:first fully digital cellular system GSM

Disadvantages of Analog Cellular Disadvantages of Analog Cellular SystemsSystems

• High terminal and services costs.

• Low capacity.

• Difficult to develop new services.

• Low level of security.

What went wrong with analog What went wrong with analog cellular systemcellular system

• Many different standareds,only national business.

• Communication can be tapped.

• Terminals are not dissociate trom the subsciber.

• More bandwith consumption.

• Poor voice and data quality

• Expensive terminals.

The feature and benefits in GSMThe feature and benefits in GSM

• Superior speech quality• Low terminal cost.• Low service cost• High level of security.• Support of low power handheld terminals.• Variety of new services• International roaming• Open system

FEATURES&BENEFITS OF 3GFEATURES&BENEFITS OF 3G

• BENEFITS

1. WORLD MARKET

2. OPEN SYSTEM

3. INTERNATIONAL ROAMING.

• BENEFITS FROM DIGITAL

1. LOW TERMINAL AND SERVICE COST

2. SUPERIOR SPEECH QUALITY

3. HIGHER DATA RATE

4. HIGH LEVEL OF SECURITY.

3G Mobile3G Mobile

• Nepal Telecom has been providing 3rd Generation Mobile service since May 17 , 2007. Customers can enjoy various multimedia sevices with this type of mobile

frequenciesfrequencies

• CDMA Frequency: CDMA Frequency: 450Mhz,800Mhz,1900Mhz450Mhz,800Mhz,1900Mhz

Working-800MhzWorking-800Mhz

• GSM Frequncy:900MhZ,1800MhzGSM Frequncy:900MhZ,1800Mhz

Working-new:-1800MhzWorking-new:-1800Mhz

old :- 900Mhzold :- 900Mhz

ServicesServices(mobile)(mobile)

• Teleservices:

Telephony,Eemergency calls,Short messages

• Bearer services:

bearer of facilities.

• Supplementary services:

call forwarding,call waiting,multy party services.calling line identification etc.

ChannelsChannels

• Channel: An individually-assigned,dedicated pathway through a transmission medium for one user’s informaton.

1. FDMA-Fequency Division Multiple Access >each user on a different frequency. >a channel is a frequency.2. TDMA-Time Division Multiple Access. >each user on different window period in time(time-slot). >a channel is a specific time slot on a specific frequnncy. 3.CDMA-Code Division Multiple Access. >a channel is aunique code pattern. >each user uses the same frequncy all time.

Why 3G ?Why 3G ?

1. Higer bandwith enables a range of new applications.

2. For the consumer1. video streaming,tv broadcast.2. video call,video clips-news,music,sports.3. Enhanced gaming,chat,location services.

3. For Business1. High speed teleworking/vpn access2. Sales force automation3. Video conferencing4. Real time financial information

Main two evolution paths into Main two evolution paths into mobile multi-servicesmobile multi-services

1. GSM Technology 2000A.D-2G-GSM-<28.8kb/s 2001/2002 –First step into 3G-GSM(technology)-64 to

144kb/s 2002-2003-3G(WCDMA)-384 to 2mb/s 2004+:3g(wcdma)-384 to 10 mb/s2. CDMA technology 2000A.D-2G-CDMA-1-<28.8kb/s 2001/2002-First step into 3G-CDMA2001x-64 to

144kb/s 20002/2003-CDMA 2001xev -384 to 10mb/s

Status of 3G subscribers worldwiseStatus of 3G subscribers worldwise

• 159 Commercial 3g operators

• 71 in countries.

• 203 million subscribers.

• In nepal 20 t(ktm valley only).

• In nepal 560 subscriber.

3g mobile call rates3g mobile call rates• 3G Mobile Service - Call Tariff List all Tariffs

Applicable Tariff for 3G Mobile Service:-

• Total Cost - Rs 4195.00

• Talk Time - Rs.3500.00(above rates are inclusive of applicable taxes)

• Validity - 18 months

• Video Call - Rs 10.00/ minute *

• Data Service/ Video Streaming - Rs 0.02/ KB *

• Recharge Procedure & Validity as Namaste Prepaid Mobile

• Rates for Voice, SMS, VMS, CRBT, MMS and other voice related services will be applicable as Nepal Telecom prevailing Namaste Mobile tariff.

* exclusive of applicable taxes

Definitation of streaming mediaDefinitation of streaming media

• Definition

1.Content:Audio,video,character,picture,graphics and cartoon etc.

2. Technology:transfer continuous media using streaming method.

3.Mobile streaming media:transfer over mobile networks,play terminal is mobile phone

Definitation of streaming mediaDefinitation of streaming media

• Characteristics

interactive:VOD,live transmission,video monitoring.

Real-time:play at same time while downloading.

Temporary:after playing the media ,the contents of don’t reside in the termimal.

Streaming and downloadingStreaming and downloading

• Streaming

RTSP://Streaming.server.com

Media playerSreeaming media server

Streaming and downloadingStreaming and downloading

• Downloading

Web server

FTP://www.server.com

wwwMedia-player

Standard of mobile streaming Standard of mobile streaming mediamedia

1. Player

Fileformat:.mp4,.3gp.3g2 2. server Protocal:RTSP,RTP,SDP RTSP=Real Time Streaming Protocal RTP=real time transport protocal SDP=session description protocal RTCP=real time transport control protocal

3. Encording:

CODEC,h.meg-4,AMR,AAC,EVRC,MIDI.QCELP

Format of streaming mediaFormat of streaming media1. File format

3gp,3g2,mp4

2. Synthesizing format

SMIL,XHTML

3. Graphics and picture

JPEG,GIF89A,GIF87A,PNG,SVG

4. Audio

Amr-nb,amr-wb,aac-lc,sp-midi,evrc,13k,qcelp

5. Vidio

h.263,, mpeg-4,h.267

Format of streaming media Format of streaming media

Unicast,Multicast,Broadcast

1.Unicast: it establishes a separate data channel between

client terminal and the streaming media server.only one client can receive the data packet sent from the server.Users send separate queries to the streaming media server,which transmits a copy of the requested data packet,back to client.

Format of streaming media Format of streaming media

2.Multicast:

the multicast technology constructs a kind of network with multicast capacity,allowing the router to copy packets to multiple channels at the same time.

Format of streaming media Format of streaming media

3. Broadcast

In broadcast mode,all the users on the network receive one copy of data packet.users receive streams in a passive way .clients receive streams but have no control over them.functions such as start,stop,move backward,fast-forwad and pause are nor available.

Mobile TV (TV in Pocket)Mobile TV (TV in Pocket)

• Service function:Through mobile phone watch TV program

• Support termimals:LG(c950,c960,c260,c270)Nokia-3150,Samsung(e159,m299,1539)

• Service prices: 1. per month(rental)=40 yuan 2.Data fee=30yuan 3. Unlimited fee/m/y=400yuan > service characteristic:watch TV any where any time.

Business applicationBusiness application

• Mobile music:video songs.

• Mobile TV (TV in pocket):news

• Mobile sports:football,boxing,cricket.

• Mobile weather:different cities weather

• Mobile moniter:traffice,school,family

• Mobile fun:cartoon cimema,cartoon ,fun etc.

Field of applicationField of application

• The system can be applied widely to:>Traffice monitor,monitor inside the long distant

bus, The command system of meeting an

emergency. Home monitor Factory environment monitor Mine monitor Monitor of electric,fire protection,petroleum Monitor of program:For eg. personal video show

etc.

Intelligent networkIntelligent network

• Pre-paid calling-card service (PCC): access code 1650 -card

• Advanced free phone service (AFS) :access code 1660 (toll free)

• Universal access number (UAN) :access code1670-unique nrfor subsciber

• Pstn crdit limit service (PCL) :access code 1680-card

• Pre-paid-home direct service (HCD) :access code 1690-card

MIS(Management Information MIS(Management Information System)System)

1.Manpower working-5625

Officer-932

Non officer-4693

2. Man power/ thousandline overall telephone-2.3

3.Tot. Telephone distribution overall-24,45,

107

4. Total telephone penetration overall -9.07

5.Telephone distribution in 064/065-8,64,596

GSMGSM

• GSM(prepaid+post paid) mobile-15,15,515

>post paid-1,05,546

>pre paid -14,08,408

> WCDMA Prepaid-561

>Telephone penetration of gsm-5.62

>GSM mobile distribution in this month-84151

CDMACDMA

CDMA overall distribution-4,02,368

>CDMA C-phone postpaid-43807

>CDMA sky -2,36,200

>CDMA prepaid C-phone-1,20,889

>CDMA sky data-1472

>telephone penetration of cdma-1.5

>telephone distribution in this month-27,346

SDH (Synchronous Digital SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)SystemsHierarchy)Systems

• SDHsystem is atechnique in which all the bits from a plesiochronous bit rate signal are carried within a single high bit rate transimission frame.

• it provides faster,less expensive and high capacity netwok interconnection.

SDH Frame structureSDH Frame structureFrame Bit rate No of E!

(2mb/s)64kbps voice channel

STM-1 155.52Mb/s

63 63*30=1890

STM-4 622Mb/s

252 252*30=7560

STM-16 2.5Gb/s 1008 1008*30=30240

STM-64 10 Gb/s 4032

Optical fiberOptical fiber

• The transmission medium in fiber –optic communications systems is a optical fiber.

• The optical fiber is the transparent flexible filament that guides light from a transmitter to receiver.

• In the optical,light conducts between transmitter to receiver.No electrical signal flow between them.

Block Diagram of fiber-optic Block Diagram of fiber-optic communication linkcommunication link

• information

Electronictransmitter

Opticalreceiver

Optical transmitter

ElectronicreceiverOptical

fiber

Nt Nt • Nepal Telecom - Brief Introduction

In Nepal, operating any form of telecommunication service dates back to 94 years in B.S. 1970. But formally telecom service was provided mainly after the establishment of MOHAN AKASHWANI in B.S. 2005.Later as per the plan formulated in First National Five year plan (2012-2017); Telecommunication Department was established in B.S.2016. To modernize the telecommunications services and to expand the services, during third five-year plan (2023-2028), Telecommunication Department was converted into Telecommunications Development Board in B.S.2026. After the enactment of Communications Corporation Act 2028, it was formally established as fully owned Government Corporation called Nepal Telecommunications Corporation in B.S. 2032 for the purpose of providing telecommunications services to Nepalese People. After serving the nation for 29 years with great pride and a sense of accomplishment, Nepal Telecommunication Corporation was transformed into Nepal Doorsanchar Company Limited from Baisakh 1, 2061. Nepal Doorsanchar company Limited is a company registered under the companies Act 2053. However the company is known to the general public by the brand name Nepal Telecom as registered trademark.

Nepal Telecom has always put its endeavors in providing its valued customers a quality service since its inception. To achieve this goal, technologies best meeting the interest of its customers has always been selected. The nationwide reach of the organization, from urban areas to the economically non- viable most remote locations, is the result of all these efforts that makes this organization different from others.

Definitely Nepal Telecom's widespread reach will assist in the socio-economic development of the urban as well as rural areas, as telecommunications is one of the most important infrastructures required for development. Accordingly in the era of globalization, it is felt that milestones and achievements of the past are not adequate enough to catch up with the global trend in the development of telecommunication sector and the growth of telecommunication services in the country will be guided by Technology, Declining equipment prices, market growth due to increase in standard of life and finally by healthy competition.

Converting NT from government owned Monopoly Company to private owned, business oriented, customer focused company in a competitive environment, Nepal Telecom invites its all-probable shareholders in the sacred work of nation building.

Mission,vision and goalMission,vision and goal•

Mission, Vision and Goal

Mission"Nepal Telecom as a progressive, customer spirited and consumer responsive Entity is committed to provide nation-wide reliable telecommunication service to serve as an impetus to the social, political and economic development of the Country"

Vision"Vision of Nepal Telecom is to remain a dominant player in telecommunication sector in the Country while also extending reliable and cost effective services to all"

Goal"Goal of Nepal Telecom is to provide cost effective telecommunication services to every nook and corner of country"

Services • Local calls

• National Trunk Calls

• International Trunk Calls

• International Telegram

• Domestic Telex

• International Telex

• Leased Lines

• Operator -Assisted Int'l Telephone

• Packet Switching Data Communication

• ISDN (Integrated services Digital Network)

• Pay Phone

• Intelligent Network Services

• PCC Easy Call Service

• HCD Service

• AFS Advanced Free phone Service

• Universal Access Number service

• PSTN credit Limit service

• Mobile

– Postpaid – Prepaid – Roaming (Incoming & Outgoing) – SMS

•   • CDMA  

– Fixed Postpaid. – Fixed Prepaid. – SKY phone. – Data Services.

•   • Internet and E-mail.

– Dial -up Internet /Email Access – PSTN Dial-up – Fixed hour package – Night Surfing Package – Fixed hour / month package – Unlimited Single User Package – PSTN Bills in the Internet – Post-Paid Mobile Bills – Telephone Inquiry – ISDN dialup – Leased Line Connectivity (n*64kbps) – Web SMS – E-mail Alert

conticonti• PCC Easy Call Service

• HCD Service

• AFS Advanced Free phone Service

• Universal Access Number service

• PSTN credit Limit service

• Mobile • Postpaid • Prepaid • Roaming (Incoming & Outgoing) • SMS •   • CDMA   • Fixed Postpaid. • Fixed Prepaid. • SKY phone. • Data Services. •   • Internet and E-mail. • Dial -up Internet /Email Access • PSTN Dial-up • Fixed hour package • Night Surfing Package • Fixed hour / month package • Unlimited Single User Package • PSTN Bills in the Internet • Post-Paid Mobile Bills • Telephone Inquiry • ISDN dialup • Leased Line Connectivity (n*64kbps) • Web SMS • E-mail Alert

Electronic-recharge -cardElectronic-recharge -card

• GSM Prepaid Mobile users can benifit the service of Electronic Recharge Card Service from your nearest Investment Bank ATM Booth. Investment Bank ATM card holders can retrieve the Recharge PIN Code worth Rs. 200, Rs 500 or Rs. 1000. from the ATM Booth.

Dial 1607 (interactve-voice-record)Dial 1607 (interactve-voice-record)

• GSM (Post-Paid and Pre-Paid) Mobile and CDMA SKY Phone users can now get their PUK number via IVR service.

• 1. local callcharges for pstn& cdma fixed phone,

• 2. air time charges for gsm/cdma mobile.

PSTN Bill thru IVRPSTN Bill thru IVR

• Dial 1606 from your fixed line phone to get monthly bill amount and total pending amount of that number.

ADSL(asymmetric didital subscriber ADSL(asymmetric didital subscriber line)line)

• Launching 17th baisak• Broadband internet• Capacity-22t• Now ktm valley only• Expand in throughout country within 3 yrs.• Copper cable netwok infrastructur• Services are:high speed internet,vpn(virtual private

network),multicasting,videoconferencing,video-on demand,broadcasting applications.

• pstn network only• 8mb/sec maximum

Adsl subscriptionAdsl subscription

• 1month/3 monthlh system• Two speed schems :128/256kb/s• Subscription charge at the time of registation

and port charge will be charged at the regular telephone bill.

• Recuring usages charges( monthly or 3 monthly ) shall be prepaid basic.

• First come first serve basic• Contact-015545875/4246488

On –going services in ivrOn –going services in ivrs.n. servi

ceSystemd

Pcm chan

Dial code

chargr

occupany

1 Slc resul

alliance

10 1600 1rs/10sec

2wk/year

2 Cl11-12

pulse 7 1600 ,, 6result

3 Slc s ,, 4 1600 ,, 2w/y

4 198 ,, 15ch 198 Free per

5 192 ,, ,, 192 free Per

6 bill ,, 20 c 1606 local per

7 voip ,, 4c 188 free per

Pre-paid Calling Card (PCC) Pre-paid Calling Card (PCC) ServiceService

• International calls• 12 countries• Nrs 8/minutes(rs 1/7.5sec.)• 17th may2008(jesth04,2065)for

two month• Supported all nt network as

pstn,prepaid/postpaid cdma/gsm,vsat,payphone.

• Chaina,india,malaysia,singapore,bangladesh,pakistan,thailand,taiwan,southkorea,hongkong,usa and canada.

• Eg. Dial 1650+L.S+card nr+pin nr+access code(1424)+country code(1)+tel nr.

• No charge will be deducted from pstn but air time charge+call charge will be deducted from easy card when calling mobile.

50

Thank You