Communicable and Non

Communicable Disease

The Truth About Ebola

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRv19gkZ4E0

WHAT IS A DISEASE?

Disease, or illness, is an abnormal bodily condition that interferes with normal body functions

Communicable Diseases

Spread by– direct contact

– indirect contact

Noncommunicable Diseases

Causes– Unhealthy choices

– Genetic

– Environment

Two Main Categories for Diseases

• Communicable

Passed from one living thing to another by pathogens

bacteriavirusparasitefungi

• Noncommunicable

Cannot be transmitted by contact-Not spread from one person to another

Is this a communicable or noncommunicable disease?

• Common cold• Cancer• Drug addiction• Diabetes• The Flu• Heart Disease

Ways Pathogens are passed

• Through the air (sneezing)• Contaminated objects which have bacteria or

viruses on door knobs• Person to Person (kissing, shaking hands)• Animals (Lyme disease) • Food and Water (bacteria, improper handling

or preparation of foods)

Ways to Control Pathogens• Pasteurization- use of heat to kill bacteria (Milk)• Vaccines & Immunity: Vaccines are substances

that help your body develop immunity to a disease

(FLIP PAGE)• When injected, they allow your body’s immune

system to build a defense against disease.

Ways to Control Pathogens

• Immunity is resistance to a disease• Antibiotics- substances that can kill bacteria

or slow its growth• Viruses are not affected by antibiotics

Your Body’s Defenses

• Eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and stomach- Pathogens get trapped in mucus or wax and destroyed quickly by enzymes and chemical digestion.

• Skin- Of the many layers of cells that create your skin, the outermost layers are dead, therefore the pathogen cannot find a live cell to infect.

Your Body’s Defense

• Your glands secrete oil onto your skin which contains chemicals that kill pathogens

• Immune system- An army of individual cells, tissues, and organs that work together to fight against pathogens

Your Body’s Defenses

• If skin is burned, cut, or punctured, pathogens may enter your body

• Increased blood flow to the injured area sends platelets that help create clots to seal the open wound.

Three Types of Cells in the Immune System

• 1. Macrophages: These cells eat microorganisms or viruses that have entered.

• 2. T Cells: Help coordinate the immune system, helping to gather antigens (the pieces of bacteria) and produce killer T Cells which kill any cell infected with the antigens.

• 3. B Cells: Make antibodies. These are proteins that attach to specific pathogens to destroy them.

Three Types of Cells in the Immune System

• Memory B Cells-It takes 2 weeks to make antibodies for a new pathogen.

• This is too long to prevent infection, therefore the first time you are infected, you get sick.

• Once created, when that specific pathogen enters the body again, the antibodies are sent quickly to attach to it.

Risk Factors for Contracting Disease

• Risk factor is something that increases the probability that a person will get a disease

• Risk factors include:– Genetics– Unhealthy Choices– Environment/Exposure to Hazardous Materials– Age

Graphic Organizer

Disease

Communicable

bacteria Strep throat

virus Measles

parasite Lice

Noncommunicable

geneticAllergies

exposure to hazardous materials

Cancer

Age-Related Alzheimer's

Video Time!

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQGOcOUBi6s

Fevers

• 1. When the macrophages activate the helper T Cells, they chemically send a signal to the brain to turn up the heat.

• 2. A slight fever helps you get better by slowing down the growth of some pathogens.

• 3. Fevers also help the T & B Cells multiply faster.• 4. High fevers can cause tissue and blood vessel

damage.

Challenges to the Immune System

• 1. Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to substances (ALLERGENS) that are NOT usually dangerous to the body.

• a. Causes: Food, medicine, pollen, dust/dust mites, animal hair & dander, mold, grass, etc.

• b. Symptoms: runny nose, itchy eyes, asthma, • Swollen throat, rash, hives, coughing, and

sneezing.

Challenges to the immune system

• 2. Autoimmune disease is when the immune system attacks the body’s own cells.

• a. The system cannot tell the difference between pathogens and some body cells.

• b. Ex. Rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes, Lupus.

Cancer

• 1. Cancer is abnormal cell growth. • a. Killer T Cells destroy this type of cell, however,

sometimes the cell division gets out of the control of the immune system.

• b. Cancer can invade nearby tissues. • c. Cancer can enter into the cardiovascular or lymphatic

systems allowing it to travel to other parts of the body.• d. Cancer disrupts normal activities of the organs

invaded, often leading to death.• 1. Certain radiation or chemical drugs can kill the cancer

cells or slow their growth.

(AIDS) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

• 4.(AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.– HIV affects the immune system itself. – It uses the helper T Cells to produce more viruses, destroying

the T Cells in the process.» This means the B Cells and Killer T Cells cannot be put to

work by the T Cells.–Without the T Cells doing their job, the immune system cannot

attack HIV or other pathogens. – People with AIDS don’t usually die of AIDS, but from the other

diseases that they are unable to fight off without a properly working immune system.