Common Skin Diseases

Dr. Latifa Mari’e

What’s this

What’s this

Acne

Acne vulgaris is the formation of

comedones, papules, pustules,

nodules, and/or cysts as a result of

obstruction and inflammation of

pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and

their accompanying sebaceous gland).

Acne develops on the face and upper

trunk. It most often affects adolescents.

Acne occurs through the interplay of 4 major

factors:

Excess sebum production

Follicular plugging with sebum and keratinocytes

Colonization of follicles by Propionibacterium

acnes (a normal human anaerobe)

Release of multiple inflammatory mediators

Acne can be classified as

Noninflammatory: Characterized by

comedones

Inflammatory: Characterized by papules,

pustules, nodules, and cysts

The most common trigger is

Puberty

Other triggers include

Hormonal changes that occur with

pregnancy or the menstrual cycle

Occlusive cosmetics, cleansers, lotions,

and clothing

High humidity and sweating

Treatment

Comedones: Topical tretinoin

Mild inflammatory acne: Topical retinoid alone or with a

topical antibiotic,benzoyl peroxide, or both

Moderate acne: Oral antibiotic plus topical therapy as for

mild acne

Severe acne: Oral isotretinoin

Cystic acne: Intralesional triamcinolone

It is important to treat acne to reduce the extent of

disease, scarring, and psychologic distress.

Whats this ?

Psoriasis

Psoriasis

Psoriasis

Flexural psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common skin condition that

speeds up the life cycle of skin cells. It

causes cells to build up rapidly on the

surface of the skin. The extra skin cells

form scales and red patches that are itchy

and sometimes painful. Psoriasis is a

chronic disease that often comes and

goes

psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune

condition that causes the rapid buildup of

skin cells. This buildup of cells causes

scaling on the skin’s surface.

Inflammation and redness around the

scales is fairly common. Typical psoriatic

scales are whitish-silver and develop in

thick, red patches. Sometimes, these

patches will crack and bleed.

scales typically develop on joints, such elbows

and knees. They may develop anywhere on the

body, including the:

hands

feet

neck

scalp

face

Less common types of psoriasis affect the nails,

the mouth, and the area around genitals.

The most common symptoms of plaque

psoriasis include:

red, raised, inflamed patches of skin

whitish-silver scales or plaques on the red

patches

dry skin that may crack and bleed

soreness around patches

itching and burning sensations around patches

thick, pitted nails

painful, swollen joints

If you have an immediate family member

with the skin condition, your risk for

developing psoriasis is higher

Confirm dx by skin biopsy

Triggers:

Stress

Infection

Trauma

Alcohol

Some medications

treatment

topical corticosteroids

topical retinoids

anthralin

vitamin D analogues

salicylic acid

moisturizer

Systemic medications !

methotrexate

cyclosporine (Sandimmune)

biologics

retinoids

What’s this?

Pityriasis Rosea

Pityriasis rosea (pit-uh-rahy-uh-sis row-

zee-ah) is a common skin disease that

causes a rash. This rash usually

disappears on its own without treatment.

You can expect to see the rash for about 6

to 8 weeks. Sometimes the rash lasts

much longer.

Mother patch: The first sign of this rash is

a single patch on the skin. Called a

"herald" or "mother" patch, this patch is the

only patch on the skin for about 2 weeks.

This patch can get large. It feels scaly.

People who have fair to olive-colored skin

will see a pink or rose-colored patch. In

people who have dark skin, the color

varies from violet to dark gray.

Daughter patches: Within a week or two, more

patches appear on the skin. These patches are

smaller and may appear on the chest, abdomen,

back, arms, and legs. Sometimes these patches

develop on the neck, face, and elsewhere on the

skin. Patches can even develop inside the

mouth. These patches are oval shaped. If many

patches appear, these new patches may form a

pattern on the back. The pattern often looks like

a Christmas tree.

Patch-free zones: Patches rarely appear

on the face, scalp, palms, or soles

Itch: The skin can itch. About half (50%)

of the people have itchy skin. The itch

tends to worsen when the skin gets warm,

such as when a person works out or takes

a hot shower.

people of all ages and skin colors get

pityriasis rosea, but this skin disease is

more likely to occur:

Between 10 and 35 years of age.

During pregnancy.

No one knows what causes pityriasis

rosea. Research shows that it is not an

allergy. We also know that fungi (plural of

fungus) and bacteria do not cause this

skin disease. A virus may be the cause,

but researchers have yet to prove this.

It is possible that a virus causes pityriasis

rosea, but this skin disease does not seem

to be contagious. It does not seem to

spread from one person to another.

Pityriasis rosea usually goes away without

treatment. You can expect to have the rash

about 6 to 8 weeks before it disappears. Some

people have it for 2 weeks. Occasionally, it lasts

longer than 8 weeks.

If a patient has unbearable itching, a

dermatologist may prescribe a medicine to help

relieve the itch. Sometimes a dermatologist

prescribes light treatments for the

itch. (antihistamine and topical steroids )

What’s this?

Pityriasis versicolor Pityrosporum orbiculare (Malassezia furfur).

Pityriasis versicolor, sometimes called

tinea versicolor, is a common fungal

infection that causes small patches of

skin to become scaly and discoloured.

The patches may be darker or lighter than

your normal skin colour, or may be red,

brown or pink. They tend to develop

gradually and may join up to form larger

patches over time.

Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a type of

yeast called Malassezia. This yeast is

found on the skin of more than 90% of

adults, where it normally lives without

causing any problems.

Several factors can increase your risk of

developing pityriasis versicolor, including:

living or staying in a warm, moist environment,

including the UK, in the summer

sweating excessively (hyperhidrosis)

creams, dressings or clothing that don't allow

your skin to breathe

being malnourished

having a weakened immune system

being a teenager or in your early 20s

Antifungal shampoos

Antifungal creams

Antifungal tablets(severe unresponsive

cases)

What’s this ?

What’s this

Eczema

Eczema

Atopic

Irritant Contact

dermatitis eg ring

Varicose

Numnular

Nickel

Nickel dermatitis –

a type of allergic

contact dermatitis

Allergic contact –

patch test

Type 4 sensitivity

72 hours

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition

that makes your skin red and itchy. It's

common in children but can occur at any

age. Atopic dermatitis is long lasting

(chronic) and tends to flare periodically. It

may be accompanied by asthma or hay

fever.

Atopic dermatitis most often begins before

age 5 and may persist into adolescence

and adulthood. For some people, it flares

periodically and then clears up for a time,

even for several years.

Dry skin

Itching, which may be severe, especially at night

Red to brownish-gray patches, especially on the

hands, feet, ankles, wrists, neck, upper chest,

eyelids, inside the bend of the elbows and

knees, and in infants, the face and scalp

Small, raised bumps, which may leak fluid and

crust over when scratched

Thickened, cracked, scaly skin

Raw, sensitive, swollen skin from scratching

The primary risk factor for atopic dermatitis

is having a personal or family history of

eczema, allergies, hay fever or asthma.

treatment

Moisturize your skin at least twice a

day

Try to identify and avoid triggers that

worsen the condition.

Topical steroids

seborrheic dermatitis, or seborrhea. It's a

common skin disease that looks similar

to psoriasis, eczema, or an allergic reaction. And

it can appear

Newborns and adults aged 30-60 are more likely

to get seborrheic dermatitis. It's more common in

men than women and in people with oily skin.r

on your body as well as your scalp

Dandruff and cradle cap are common names for

seborrheic dermatitis. Babies 3 months and younger

often get cradle cap: crusty yellow or brown scales on

their scalp. It usually goes away before they're a year

old, although it can come back when they reach puberty.

You might get seborrheic dermatitis on your face,

especially around your nose, in your eyebrows, on your

eyelids or behind your ears.

Skin can itch, burn, or look red. The scales that flake off

could be white or yellowish and look moist or oily.

Sometimes, seborrheic dermatitis will clear up

by itself. More often, it's a lifelong issue that

clears and flares. It can last for years at a time,

but you can usually control it with good skin

care.

In mild cases, a topical antifungal cream or

medicated shampoo (such as ketoconazole,

selenium sulfide, coal tar, and zinc pyrithione)

may be enough to control symptoms.

Whats this

Urticaria - dermatographism

Type 1 – prick

tests immediate

Urticaria, also known as hives, is an

outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or

plaques (wheals) on the skin that appear

suddenly -- either as a result of the body's

reaction to certain allergens, or for

unknown reasons

Hives usually cause itching, but may also

burn or sting. They can appear anywhere

on the body, including the face,

lips, tongue, throat, or ears. Hives vary in

size (from a pencil eraser to a dinner

plate), and may join together to form larger

areas known as plaques. They can last for

hours, or up to one day before fading.

Angioedema is similar to hives, but the

swelling occurs beneath the skin instead

of on the surface. Angioedema is

characterized by deep swelling around

the eyes and lips and sometimes of the

genitals, hands, and feet. It generally lasts

longer than hives, but the swelling usually

goes away in less than 24 hours

Acute urticaria: Hives lasting less than

six weeks. The most common causes are

certain foods, medications, or

infections. Insect bites and internal

disease may also be responsible.

Chronic urticaria and

angioedema: Hives lasting more than six

weeks. The cause of this type of hives is

usually more difficult to identify than those

causing acute urticaria. For most people

with chronic urticaria, the cause is

impossible to determine. In some cases,

though, the cause may

be thyroid disease, hepatitis, infection,

or cancer.

treatment

Anti-histamines

Oral steroids

Epinephrine inj in angioedema

Whats this

What’s this?

Lichen Planus

On the skin, lichen planus often causes

bumps that are shiny, firm, and reddish

purple. Sometimes the bumps have tiny

white lines running through them. These

lines are called Wickham’s striae.

Some medicines can cause a rash that looks like

lichen planus. These medicines include diuretics

(treatment for high blood pressure and heart disease)

and medicine taken to prevent malaria.

In the mouth, a metal filling may be the cause. This is

rare,

A rare type of lichen planus, familial bullous lichen

planus, runs in families

There may be a link between lichen planus and

infection with the hepatitis C virus.

Whats this ?

Whats this?

Rosacea is a chronic, inflammatory skin

condition that most often affects the face

Rosacea appears to be more common

among fair-skinned people

Acne Rosacea

The main symptom of rosacea is the

development of facial pustules.

Other symptoms include flushing easily

and inflamed blood vessels.

Some foods can worsen the symptoms,

such as dairy products and spicy foods

No comedones

rhinophyma

characterized by a large, red, bumpy or

bulbous nose

treatment

Topical treatments include metronidazole,

azelaic acid and brimonidine

Oral antibiotics :minocycline, doxycycline,

erythromycin, clarithromycin and

clindamycin

Laser therapy

Whats this?

Herpes Zoster

Shingles is an infection of an individual

nerve and the skin surface that is supplied

by the nerve. It is caused by the varicella-

zoster virus, the same virus that causes

chickenpox.Anyone who has recovered

from chickenpox can develop shingles.

Pain is the most common symptom of shingles.

This can be a constant dull, burning, or gnawing

pain, or sharp, stabbing pain that comes and

goes.

There may also be a blistering skin rash.

This usually appears in one or more distinct

bands, called dermatomes. It may also appear

on the face in a band, or break out on a quarter

of the face.

complications

postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), affecting 10 to 20 percent

of people with shingles

peripheral motor neuropathy occurs in 5 to 10 percent of

cases

skin infection

encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain

transverse myelitis, or inflammation of the spinal cord

white patches due to loss of pigment in the rash area

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

treatment

topical and oral aniviral

What’s this

Ringworm

Ringworm, also known as

dermatophytosis or tinea, is a fungal

infection of the skin

Treated by topical antifungals except for

tenia capitus (scalp) treated by oral

antifungals

Warts are growths on your skin caused by an infection

with humanpapilloma virus, or HPV. Types of warts

include

Common warts, which often appear on your fingers

Plantar warts, which show up on the soles of your feet

Genital warts, which are a sexually transmitted disease

Flat warts, which appear in places you shave frequently

treatment

Stronger peeling medicine (salicylic

acid)

Freezing (cryotherapy).

Laser treatment.

Thank you