Common Common Childhood Childhood Infectious Infectious DiseasesDiseases

Skimmia Japonica Rubella

PROF. FAHAD AL ZAMILPROF. FAHAD AL ZAMILProfessor & ConsultantProfessor & Consultant

Pediatric Infectious DiseasesPediatric Infectious DiseasesKing Khalid University HospitalKing Khalid University HospitalKing Saud University, RiyadhKing Saud University, Riyadh

MeaslesMeasles

RNA VirusRNA Virus Incubation Period: 8 – 12 Incubation Period: 8 – 12

daysdays Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Infectivity: 2 Isolation & Infectivity: 2

days before till 5 days days before till 5 days after rashafter rash

VaccineVaccine

MeaslesMeasles (cont.)(cont.)

Koplik’s spots

Measles Measles (Cont.)(Cont.)

Measles vs. Scarlet Measles vs. Scarlet feverfever

MumpsMumps

RNA VirusRNA Virus Incubation Period: 14 – 21 Incubation Period: 14 – 21

daysdays Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Infectivity: 9 Isolation & Infectivity: 9

days after onset of parotid days after onset of parotid swellingswelling

VaccineVaccine

RubellaRubella RNA VirusRNA Virus Incubation Period: 14 – 21 Incubation Period: 14 – 21

daysdays Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Infectivity: 7 Isolation & Infectivity: 7

days from onset of rashdays from onset of rash Congenital Rubella: until 1 Congenital Rubella: until 1

year of ageyear of age VaccineVaccine

RubellaRubella (Cont.)(Cont.)

Rubella, Smallpox, Rubella, Smallpox, ChickenpoxChickenpox

Congenital Rubella Congenital Rubella SyndromeSyndrome

Chicken Pox Chicken Pox (Varicella)(Varicella)

DNA VirusDNA Virus Incubation Period: 10 – 21 Incubation Period: 10 – 21

daysdays Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Infectivity: 2 days Isolation & Infectivity: 2 days

before rash till all skin lesions before rash till all skin lesions have crusted (6have crusted (6thth day of rash) day of rash)

VaccineVaccine

Cont. Chicken PoxCont. Chicken Pox

Cont. Chicken PoxCont. Chicken Pox

DiphtheriaDiphtheria Corynebacterium Corynebacterium

diphtheriaediphtheriae Incubation Period: 2 – 7 Incubation Period: 2 – 7

daysdays Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Infectivity: up Isolation & Infectivity: up

to 6 weeks, but with to 6 weeks, but with treatment communicable treatment communicable for fewer than 4 daysfor fewer than 4 days

VaccineVaccine

DiphtheriaDiphtheria (Cont.)(Cont.)

Pertusis (Whooping Pertusis (Whooping Cough)Cough)

Bordetella PertusisBordetella Pertusis Incubation Period: 7 – 14 Incubation Period: 7 – 14

daysdays Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Infectivity: up to 6 Isolation & Infectivity: up to 6

weeks, but with treatment weeks, but with treatment => 5 days after starting => 5 days after starting therapytherapy

VaccineVaccine

Whooping CoughWhooping Cough

Video: Whooping Cough: Child

Video: Whooping Cough: Infant

TetanusTetanus Clostridium tetaniClostridium tetani Incubation Period: 2 Incubation Period: 2

days to months, days to months, most within 14 daysmost within 14 days

Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation: no person Isolation: no person

to person to person transmissiontransmission

VaccinesVaccines

Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)type b (Hib)

Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Isolation &

Infectivity: droplet Infectivity: droplet precautions for 24 precautions for 24 hours after starting hours after starting antimicrobial antimicrobial therapytherapy

VaccineVaccine

Cerebrospinal fluid culture positive for Hib

(Gram stain)

HibHib (Cont.)(Cont.)

Poliovirus Poliovirus

Incubation Period: 7 – Incubation Period: 7 – 21 days21 days

Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Infectivity: Isolation & Infectivity:

several weeksseveral weeks VaccineVaccines:s:

Polio VaccinesPolio Vaccines

OPVOPV

IPV

ThrushThrush

Candida AlbicansCandida Albicans

Clinical FeaturesClinical Features

ComplicationsComplications

TreatmentTreatment

CroupCroup

ParainfluenzaParainfluenza Incubation Period: 2 – 6 Incubation Period: 2 – 6

daysdays Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Infectivity: Isolation & Infectivity:

contact precaution in contact precaution in hospital, infective up to hospital, infective up to 3 weeks3 weeks

Video: A Child with Croup

BronchiolitisBronchiolitis Respiratory Respiratory

Syncytial VirusSyncytial Virus Incubation Period: 2 Incubation Period: 2

– 8 days– 8 days Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Isolation &

Infectivity: 3 – 8 Infectivity: 3 – 8 days (up to 4 weeks days (up to 4 weeks in infants)in infants)

Erythema InfectiosumErythema Infectiosum(Fifth Disease)(Fifth Disease)

Parvovirus B19Parvovirus B19 Incubation Period: Incubation Period:

4 – 21 days 4 – 21 days Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Isolation &

Infectivity: droplet Infectivity: droplet precautions for 7 precautions for 7 daysdays

RoseolaRoseola (Sixth Disease)(Sixth Disease)

HHV-6HHV-6 Incubation Incubation

Period: 9 – 10 Period: 9 – 10 daysdays

Clinical Clinical FeaturesFeatures

ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment

Viral HepatitisViral Hepatitis

FeatureFeature Hepatitis Hepatitis AA

Hepatitis Hepatitis BB

Hepatitis Hepatitis CC

Hepatitis Hepatitis DD

Hepatitis Hepatitis EE

VirusVirus HAVHAV HBVHBV HCVHCV HDVHDV HEVHEV

GenomeGenome RNARNA DNADNA RNARNA RNARNA RNARNA

IncubationIncubation 15-50 15-50 daysdays

45-160 45-160 daysdays

7-9 7-9 weeksweeks

2-8 2-8 weeksweeks

15-60 15-60 daysdays

OnsetOnset AcuteAcute InsidiousInsidious InsidiousInsidious AcuteAcute AcuteAcute

TransmissiTransmissionon

OralOral ParenteraParenterall

PerinatalPerinatal

ParenteraParenterall

ParenterParenteralal

OralOral

Sequelae:Sequelae:

Fulminant Fulminant liver liver failurefailure

CarrierCarrier

Chronic Chronic hepatitishepatitis

RareRare

NoNo

NoNo

UncommUncommonon

YesYes

YesYes

UncommUncommonon

YesYes

YesYes

YesYes

YesYes

YesYes

YesYes

NoNo

NoNo

MortalityMortality 0.1-0.2 0.1-0.2 %%

0.5-2 %0.5-2 % 1-2 %1-2 % 2-20 %2-20 % 1-2 %1-2 %

Infectious MononucleosisInfectious Mononucleosis

Epstein-Barr VirusEpstein-Barr Virus Incubation Period: Incubation Period:

30 – 50 days 30 – 50 days Clinical FeaturesClinical Features ComplicationsComplications TreatmentTreatment Isolation & Isolation &

Infectivity: patients Infectivity: patients with recent with recent infection should not infection should not donate blooddonate blood

Further ReadingFurther Reading