commissioning of the ventilation control of the e4 ...tunnel2016/images/... · comissioning of the...

Ventilation of the E4 Stockholm BypassHBI Haerter

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COMISSIONING OF THE VENTILATION CONTROL OF THE E4 STOCKHOLM BYPASS

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Commissioning of the Ventilation Control of the E4

Stockholm Bypass

Rune BRANDT HBI Haerter, Zurich, Switzerland, www.hbi.ch

Lars ELERTSONSwedish Transport Administration, Stockholm, Sweden,

www.trafikverket.se

Swedish Transport Administration


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Agenda

Background and earlier experience

Overview of Bypass Stockholm

Ventilation strategies and modes:

• Normal operation (air quality)

• Smoke management

Tunnel-ventilation Simulator

Testing

Benefits

18km



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• The Swedish Transport Administration makes contracts with functional requirements in major projects for technical systems.

• As the ventilation control system is required to cover all possible scenarios from fire operation, normal operation, maintenance and incident modes to partial tunnel closures, numerous operational modes and levels have to be taken into account.

• Tests have to cover all possible transitions between operational modes and levels.

• Tests have to be performed based on finding faults in the beginning, which results in saving time in the end.

• In previous tunnel projects, the time for testing tunnel ventilation has been shortened because of pressure to open early considering the economic advantages for the public.

• Therefore, the Swedish Transport Administration wants to be prepared for this kind of request.

• If everything has been verified and debugged in an early stage, we can accept this challenge to open early.

Background and earlier experiences



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SMART = Save Money And Reduce Time

How, in this particular project ?

Use a simulator to find faults and save time.

BE SMART



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Safety features• Emergency exits:

@100 to 150 m

• Fixed fire fighting system

• Longitudinal ventilation

Tunnel ventilation• Jet fans: 250

• Air-exchange stations: 6

• Smoke-extraction station (serves both tubes)

• Portal-air extractions: 4

Sensors

• Air velocity sensors: 190

• Air quality sensors: 54

• Smoke detectors: 250

• Linear heat detector

Facts (opening 2026)

• Length: 21 km

• Length of main tunnel: 18 km

• Total length of all tubes: 56 km

• Number of lanes: 3 lanes in each direction in two separate tunnel tubes

• Maximum speed:80/100 km/h

• Estimated traffic:140 000 vehicles/day (year 2035)

• Construction costs:3.1bn Euro (2009 prices)

Overview of The E4 Stockholm Bypass



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279 373371 375 377 471 473 571

374372 376 472378 474272

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Schematic overview of tunnel-ventilation system

Jet fans (250) Smoke-extraction station Air-exchange stations (6) Portal-air extractions (6)(serves both tubes)

Air velocity sensors (190) Smoke detectors (250) Air-quality sensors (54)



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Normal ventilation at maximum capacity northbound tunnels

0.0: 1 (9620 - 11770)

2150.0: 2 (11770 - 12237)

2617.0: 3 (12237 - 15378)

5758.0: 4 (15378 - 15955)

6335.0: 5 (15955 - 16055)

6435.0: 6 (16055 - 16312)

6692.0: 7 (16312 - 19737)

10117.0: 8 (19737 - 19833)

Sections [m]

Path: South - North Add/Remove variables

Double click a variable in legend to view the 3D plot

m 0. 2000. 4000. 6000. 8000. 10000. 12000. 14000. 16000.

0.

50.

100.

150.

200.

250.

300.

350.

400.

450.

500.

550.

Fraction NO2, µg/m3

Entry 211 Entry

314

AES371/373

AES471/473

279 373371 375 377 471 473 571

NO

x[m

g/m

3]

AES375/377

Entry 414

500

0



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Step-wise controller for in-tunnel air quality: principle

AQV+AQV-

Step

tcsg

time

time

Air quality

An air-quality target value (AQV) is specified, which is assessed for each sensor:1) Air-quality level > AQV+: Ventilation stepped up2) Air-quality level < AQV- and operation time > tcsg: Ventilation stepped down



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Air-quality sensor

Control Step generator

Max value

AQVAir-quality

target value

Control matrixnormal operation

Defines for each sub-controller:• Sensors comprised in the

control loop• Fans assigned to sub

controller• Capacity of fans for each step

Step to activate(1-5)

An air-quality target value (AQV) is specified, which is assessed for each sensor:1) Air-quality level > AQV+: Ventilation stepped up2) Air-quality level < AQV- and operation time > tcsg: Ventilation stepped down

Step-wise controller for in-tunnel air quality: principle



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Step-wise controller for in-tunnel air quality: application

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Ctr.1 1 1 1

1

3 2 1

NOS (normal operation sections):- at least one air-quality sensor- Ventilation equipment also in other sections (NOS) at disposition- Selection of ventilation equipment according to pre-specified priorities

Dilemma: the ventilation equipment can receive conflicting instructions



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Step-wise controller for in-tunnel air quality: example

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Ctr.1 1 1 1

1

3 2 1

Several air-quality sensors devoted to one Normal Operation Section (NOS)

1Ventilation equipment in several sections selected according priorities

Only portal-air extraction if inside air quality is worse than ambient air quality

Increase air-exchange in main tunnel or flow in ramp according to analytic rules



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279 373371 375 377 471 473 571

Control-Step

Generator

(Ramp 313)

Control-Step

Generator

(Ramp 314) Control-Step

Generator

(Ramp 411)

Control-Step

Generator

(Ramp 414)

Control-Step

Generator

(Station 371/373)

Control-Step

Generator

(Station 375/377)

Control-Step

Generator

(Station 471/473)

Air-Exchange

Regulator

(Station 371/373)

Air-Exchange

Regulator

(Station 375/377)

Air-Exchange

Regulator

(Station 471/473)

Jet-Fan Regulator

(Ramp 211/213)

Jet-Fan Regulator

(Ramp 313)Jet-Fan Regulator

(Ramp 314)Jet-Fan Regulator

(Ramp 411)

Jet-Fan Regulator

(Ramp 414)

Environmental

Station Controller

(Station 475)

Control-Step

Generator

(Main tunnel)

Jet-Fan Regulator

(Main tunnel)

Environmental

Station Controller

(Station 571)

Control-Step

Generator

(Ramp 211/213)

Sub-Controller Ramp 314



Sub-Controller Ramp 211/213


Sub-Controller Station 475

Sub-Controller Station 475

Sub-Controller Station 471/473



Sub-Controller Main tunnel

Air-Quality

Main/Entrance Ramps

Checker

11 controllers for normal ventilation of northbound tunnels



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Smoke management: example northbound tube

Control

PI-CtrPI-Ctr PI-Ctr PI-Ctr

PI-Ctr

u = 3m/s

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600m3/s

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• Longitudinal ventilation at specified velocity with active feedback control– 3m/s if FFFS functions

– 1 m/s if FFFS doesn't function and there is traffic congestion (<10 km/h)

• Smoke extraction at all ventilation stations

• 1 m/s at tunnel sections to protect

• => always active flow control

• Plausibility checks of air-velocity sensors (anemometers)

• Ventilation sections not the same as for normal operation

Controller



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Ventilation strategies with Operation modes

1. Stopped Ventilation

• Fire ventilation2. Fixed settings

3. Variable settings (to enable modification by intervention services)

4. Maximum (about 5 m/s towards fire)

5. Minimal (about 1 m/s towards fire)

6. Standard (about 3 m/s towards fire)

• Normal operation (internal and external air quality)7. Maximum (all fans at full capacity)

8. Normal (According to air-quality measurements)

9. Time schedule (fan, time and day schedule)

10. Maintenance according to air quality measurements

Hie

rarc

hy



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• Tunnel-ventilation simulator consists of a mathematical simulation model of tunnel ventilation and logic for generating the operating status of the items covered by the tunnel ventilation.

• The simulation model is created to mimic the natural response of the tunnel with its sensors.

• Software is based on Road Tunnel Ventilation (IDA RTV) from the company EQUA (www.equa.se).

• The Tunnel-ventilation simulator will be connected and integrated to be an Real-time simulator witch interacts with the application logic running in an environment for Control Systems. With it’s software solution applications and hardware for PLC and SCADA-Servers.

• In the process of preparation tender documents, a simulation model is constructed and it will be used as a testing tool in the Factory Acceptance Test.

Simulator


http://www.equa.se/


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16Swedish Transport Administration


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Systems Layout for Factory Acceptans Test

Windows PC

Control

Software

Developer

Environment

Ethernet

PLC

Windows PC

IDA RTV

Interface

OPC

Control System-Server

HMI



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Systems Layout for Factory Acceptans Test

Operator

interface

Tunnel

Simulator

development

environment

PLC (hidden

under desk)

Foto from tests in Cross City Tunnel, Sydney



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Ventilation control


Workflow for the Tunnel Simulator


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Testing of the control system are divided in three steps:• Factory Acceptance Test, FAT. This is a very intensive period where all Type-

objects with it’s systems are connected to the Control System. It includes objects and systems for; Electricity, Tunnel ventilation, Traffic, Communication, Fire, Waste water, Lightning and Tunnel sensors).

• Site Acceptance Test, SAT. After the FAT is accepted by TRV, then the next test phase starts with all objects and all systems which are installed on site and connected to the Control System. (Approx. 50.000 objects in Stockholm Bypass).

• Operation Acceptance Test, OAT. Where all objects and systems which are controlled and supervised by the Control System are now connected and tested to the Traffic Central.

FAT refers to acceptance testing during factory testing, i.e. before delivery to and installation of the plant. SAT refers to testing at the plant site. OAT relates to trial operation and takes place before the opening for traffic. Trial operation of the installation and operation of the regional systems in “Trafik Stockholm”. Commissioning and operator training before opening to traffic.



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• Benefits for all, the public, Transport admin. and contractors.

• During the Factory Acceptance Tests, the contractor verifies using the tunnel ventilation simulator that the implemented functions in the control system for tunnel ventilation meet the requirements in the contract.

• In this way, application logic for tunnel ventilation is tested cost-effectively in an office environment.

• By doing this systems design errors, deviations and risks of application logic can be identified and corrected before the Site Acceptant Tests begins.

• Application logic that is used for simulation is executed in the same hardware (PLC and HMI) which will be present in the actual tunnel. Here simulations will provide the beneficial results and that tests should not have to be repeated unnecessarily.

• The simulator can be used as a tool for the Swedish Transport Agency for the final approval for Stockholm Bypass.

• As mentioned before in previous tunnel projects, the time for testing tunnel ventilation has been shortened because of pressure to open early considering the economic advantages for the public.

• We have to accept the money spent on a simulator to reduce time, that’s our goal and that is why we want to be smart.

Benefits



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SMART = Save Money And Reduce Time

Use a simulator to reduce time and faults.

SMART


Simulation


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COMMISSIONING OF THE VENTILATION CONTROLOF THE E4 STOCKHOLM BYPASS

Lars ElertsonSpecialist Control and Monitoring [email protected]: +46 70 587 67 34Swedish Transport Administration

Rune BrandtSpecialist Tunnel Ventilation and [email protected]: +41 79 341 30 65HBI Haerter

Thank You!

Questions?


commissioning of the ventilation control of the e4 ...tunnel2016/images/... · comissioning of the...

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