comments on mendoza-oviedo how useful is debt sustainability as a concept? in defense of...
TRANSCRIPT
Comments on Mendoza-Oviedo
• How useful is debt sustainability as a concept?
• In defense of In defense of probabilisticprobabilistic approaches: approaches: sensitivity analysissensitivity analysis as as a a non-parametric alternativenon-parametric alternative
• A few comments on A few comments on originaloriginal sins, super-sins, numerators and sins, super-sins, numerators and denominatorsdenominators
How useful is debt sustainability as a concept?
1.1. IIs there anything such as an intrinsically sustainable debt per se?
No: some debts just No: some debts just seemseem to be more sustainable than others, to be more sustainable than others, according to certain ad-hoc criteria and rules of thumb.according to certain ad-hoc criteria and rules of thumb.
22.. A A notional conceptnotional concept with lack of empirical validationwith lack of empirical validation??
Sustainability -Sustainability -likelike solvency- solvency- is a is a notionalnotional, , time-framelesstime-frameless concept concept (Buiter [1985]; Blanchard [1990]). Empirical tests are not possible: (Buiter [1985]; Blanchard [1990]). Empirical tests are not possible: realizations of financial crisis realizations of financial crisis always always burst as violations of burst as violations of liquidityliquidity constraints.constraints.
SustanabilitySustanability can be better regarded as the can be better regarded as the VaRVaR of a liquidity of a liquidity constraint over an constraint over an span span. . The sThe so called vo called vulnerabilityulnerability is a particular is a particular application over a short horizon. Further exploration of this concept application over a short horizon. Further exploration of this concept (Barnhill-Kopitz [2003]) seems closer to (Barnhill-Kopitz [2003]) seems closer to current current market views.market views.
Willingness to payWillingness to pay is difficult to model is difficult to model
SeniorSenior and and subordinatedsubordinated debts might not be equally sustainable debts might not be equally sustainable
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Dic-9
3
Dic-9
4
Dic-9
5
Dic-9
6
Dic-9
7
Dic-9
8
Dic-9
9
Dic-0
0
Dic-0
1
Dic-0
2
Se
p-03
FX
/GD
Pd
efla
tor
19
93
=1
00
0
1020
30
4050
6070
80
90100
110
De
bt/G
DP
(in
%)
Debt/GDP FX/GDPdeflator
The original sin: crime and punishment
Debt/GDP ratios
40
60
80
100
120
140
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
(in
%)
Netherlands France Germany ItalyGreece Belgium Spain
Sustainability vs. liquidity: debt as a stock problem?
T-bond interest rates
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
(in
%)
Netherlands France Germany ItalyGreece Belgium Spain
Sustainability vs. liquidity: debt as a stock problem?
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
350030
-Abr
-98
15-J
ul-9
8
29-S
ep-9
8
14-D
ic-9
8
26-F
eb-9
9
13-M
ay-9
9
28-J
ul-9
9
12-O
ct-9
9
27-D
ic-9
9
10-M
ar-0
0
25-M
ay-0
0
09-A
go-0
0
24-O
ct-0
0
08-E
ne-0
1
23-M
ar-0
1
07-J
un-0
1
22-A
go-0
1
06-N
ov-0
1
21-E
ne-0
2
11-A
br-0
2
01-J
ul-0
2
16-S
ep-0
2
29-N
ov-0
2
27-F
eb-0
3
16-J
un-0
3
19-S
ep-0
3
bps
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Deb
t/G
DP
(in
%)
Debt/GDP Sovereign spread
Sustainability vs. liquidity: debt as a stock problem?
What changed in 2003?
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
2025
2027
2029
2031
2033
Maturities
Cap
ital a
mor
tizat
ions
Before exchange
After exchange
Comments on numerators and denominators
YdY
i
gtYD minmin
• If the maturity structure and rollover risk are If the maturity structure and rollover risk are not considered, why taking not considered, why taking minmin instead of instead of structural? Min structural? Min is a short-term, punctual is a short-term, punctual concept closer to the notion of concept closer to the notion of liquidity riskliquidity risk..
• The variables in the denominator are The variables in the denominator are nominal, not real:nominal, not real: special care to be special care to be given to their respective deflatorsgiven to their respective deflators