comm1pcomm1p this presentation © gilbert cockton 2001. for university of sunderland students only....

This presentation © Gilbert Cockton 2001. For University of Sunderland students only. Permission is required for any other use of this material

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Media and Interaction Media and Interaction

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Guidelines and “it depends”

Another map, not a guided tour!

• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001

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The Rule of HCI: ReminderThe Rule of HCI: Reminder09100910

• Good Design …

• … demonstrably fits …

• … its context of use (guidelines don’t)

• This lecture introduces guidelines for information presentation and low-level interaction


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3 Fundamentals: Reminder 3 Fundamentals: Reminder 09120912

• Context

Design - options and guidelines

• Evaluation


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Part 1Part 1

Media Types and

Issues


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Media Classes and Types Media Classes and Types 09140914

• Static Media• Text

• Graphics

• Time-based media• audio (speech, music, auralisation)

• video

• animation (including VR)


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IssuesIssues 1 1 09160916

• Realism and authenticity• exploit realism of recorded media

• Attention, saliency and highlights• select media to focus attention

• Comprehensibility• select media to ease comprehension


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IssuesIssues 2 2 09180918

• Cultural Appropriateness• select culturally appropriate media

• Accessibility• ensure that media choices don’t exclude

some users

• Task-Fit• select media that meets the information

needs of the task


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Realism and AuthenticityRealism and Authenticity09210921

• What would you trust more?• Newspaper report of a football incident

• Television report of a football incident?

• Media-base of camera footage and eye-witness recordings

• When would this matter?• Relevant contexts of use?


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Realism and Media TypesRealism and Media Types09240924

• Realistic• Image

– Still (Photograph), not retouched

– Moving (Video), unedited

• Audio– Live Unedited Recording


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Part 2Part 2

Text Media


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Text Media Guidelines Text Media Guidelines 09270927

• Write for the audience• international audience?

• Write for the web (users scan, not read)• pyramid style

– key point, elaboration, supporting detail• persuasive but respectful

• Use appropriate typography & formatting• typefaces, fonts, case (capitals)• clear visual structure, headings etc.


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Part 3Part 3

Graphical Media


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Photos and DiagramsPhotos and Diagrams 09310931

• Where technically appropriate …

• Use photos to create a mood • content, form, colour

• Use photos to add authenticity, build trust • see the real person, service brands

• Use diagrams to better communicate information • maps, relations, processes


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Graphical Media GuidelinesGraphical Media Guidelines09340934

• Graphic Design Principles

• Use appropriate style for audience• check emotional responses of users

• Minimise decoration within a style

• Maximise guessability of symbols• concrete not abstract• objects not actions• avoid indirection (e.g., house = “home

page”)


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Info. Presentation: StaticInfo. Presentation: Static09370937

• Representations should fit the user’s task• to read absolute values: use tables• to detect trends: use graphs• to detect groups: use diagrams

– scatter, cluster etc.

• to find/compare: use histograms (bar charts)

• See data presentation/visualisation chapters in statistics books


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Break 09400940

• Back at 0950

• Monday Tutorials• Briefing on Individual Assignment• Meet at Group times: 1100, 1200, 1300,

1400

• Monday lecture on November 12th• EC 1100 - 314• ECA 1300 - 312


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Part 4Part 4

Time-Based Media


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Time-based Media Issues 1Time-based Media Issues 1 09510951

• Fit media choice to the expected context of use• Fit the technical environment

– expected plug-ins, known bandwidth

• Ensure inclusion through redundancy– provide alternatives to exotic media

• Fit cultural expectations– Production values and reproduction quality

– appropriate quality of footage and/or audio


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Time-based Media Issues 2Time-based Media Issues 2 09540954

• User in control!• Stop, play, forward and rewind controls• Stop loading


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Use AudioUse Audio To ... To ... 09550955

• … create a mood • music, sound effects, voice

• ... add authenticity • spoken word

• ... communicate information • auralisation, sonic finders etc.

• … increase inclusion• Support access by visually impaired• Extend bandwidth of mobile devices


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Use Video To ...Use Video To ... 09580958

• ... deliver a mood • image, sound

• .. add authenticity (a picture is worth ...)

• … communicate information • good for causal relations, process, narrative

• … build trust• show the real person


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Use Animation and VR to ...Use Animation and VR to ...10011001

• ... support exploratory learning• especially dynamic information visualisation

• … communicate information • good for causal relations, process, narrative,

spatial relations

• Makes the abstract concrete• build into information analysis during

context analysis? Information attributes => media?


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Info. Presentation SummaryInfo. Presentation Summary10041004

• Understand the design options• design spaces for all media

• Know relevant design guidelines• principles and heuristics for all media

• Understand the impact of context• include/exclude guidelines (usually

include!)

• recognise cognitive universals (perception, attention etc.)


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Part 5Part 5

Interaction


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Interaction: 3 PerspectivesInteraction: 3 Perspectives10071007

• Norman’s Model (Cognitive Psychology)• Derive principles from his seven stages

• Closed Loop Control Systems (Cybernetics)• Derive guidelines from decision making in

closed loop systems

• Input control types (Graphics Standards)• Basis for appropriateness analysis


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(Don) Norman’s Model10091009

• Seven Stages of Interaction• Goal, Intention, Specification, Execution

• Perceive, Interpret, Evaluate (often in parallel)

• Need to support all stages/levels• Goal and intention (CW Q1), interpretation

and evaluation(CW Q4) only exist in system as prompts, labels, instructional text, help etc.

• Specification (CW Qs 2 & 3), execution and perception exist within the system


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Feedback and Evaluation10121012

• Interpretation and evaluation need to be supported at all levels of interaction

• keystroke (e.g., mouse press)

• interaction step (e.g., selection)

• task step (e.g., completed command)

• task and activity (e.g., confirmation display)

• Principles of closed loop control


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Closed Loop Control 10151015

• User Action, System Response, User Decision, User Action, System Response ...

• Decision = evaluate last step, get next step, specify next step

• System response should support decision making at all levels of interaction• after key-press, interaction step, task step,

task, activity


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Logical Input Types 10181018

• Four broad groups (simplification)• Selection (of dynamic set of objects)

• Choice (of fixed set of options)

• Manipulation (of graphical objects)

• Specification (of value, information)

• Select physical controls for a logical type on the basis of task needs• e.g., when can choices be typed?


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Summary 10211021

• Good Information Presentation• Optimise use of specific media for

communication in all its aspects

• Support interaction at all levels from pressing to evaluating

• Good Interaction Design

• Ensure that users remain in control and can manage progress and all aspects of quality for tasks within their embracing activities

comm1pcomm1p this presentation © gilbert cockton 2001. for university of sunderland students only....

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