comm1pcomm1p professor gilbert cockton, frsa leader, human-computer systems group, school of...
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COMM1P
Professor Gilbert Cockton, FRSA
Leader, Human-Computer Systems Group,
School of Computing, Engineering and Technology
Project Director, Digital Media Network
Web Interaction DesignWeb Interaction Design
2
COMM1P
• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
The Rule of HCI: ReminderThe Rule of HCI: Reminder09050905
• Good Design …
• … demonstrably fits …
• … its context of use
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
3 Fundamentals: Reminder 3 Fundamentals: Reminder 09070907
Context
• Design
• Evaluation
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
How They Fit TogetherHow They Fit Together09080908
Context
EvaluationDesign
Constrains
Informs
Tests
Fits
Implies
Implies
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Context: DefinitionSContext: DefinitionS 09120912
• The circumstances within which an entity or process exists
• The environment within which systems operate
• The definer and determinant of success and failure
• A source of requirements (beware!) and acceptance criteria
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Context ...Context ... of Useof Use09140914
“of use” is a specialisation, a restrictionto environments of usage, success and
failureand their potentially relevant aspectsrelevance is a function of proposed design
options
RECALL THREE MAIN ASPECTS OF CONTEXT
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Objectives and Assessment: Objectives and Assessment: Abilities 1: ReminderAbilities 1: Reminder
09170917
• Research context of use• Users and Stakeholders
• Tasks and Activities
• Environments: Physical, Organisational, Cultural
• Individual Assignment requires skilled activities
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Potentially Relevant Potentially Relevant ContextContext 09190919
• Not just end-users, but all stakeholders
• Not just immediate tasks, but embracing activities
• Not just physical setting for use, but organisational, cultural and technical
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Required Activities: Required Activities: ReminderReminder 09200920
Research and Design Grounding
• Explicit Design, Explicit Rationales
• Quality Testing
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Researching ContextResearching Context09220922
• Identify stakeholders and their attributes
• Identify activities and critical success factors
• Model the usage environments
• HOW WOULD YOU COLLECT THIS DATA?
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Data CollectionData Collection09270927
• Contemporary Archaeology - study material culture, but talk to people too!
• Ethnography - observing activities and environments
• Interview, focus groups and questionnaires - profiling and understanding stakeholders
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Example: The Great Indoors Example: The Great Indoors (IBM/Sears Roebuck) (IBM/Sears Roebuck)
09290929
• Stakeholders: focus on US females
• Activities: redecoration projects, finding ideas, learning tips
• Tasks: selecting products
• Environment: apparently not considered
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
The Great Indoors: The Great Indoors: ResearchResearch 09310931
Prior to designing the store and subsequently the Web site, we spoke with thousands of women about their decorating and remodeling adventures and what their ideal experience would be. … They told us they wanted an extensive array of top quality merchandise options, the ability to see and evaluate the items clearly, design inspiration and solutions and an easy-to-navigate site
John Yung, Director, thegreatindoors.com
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Modelling and AnalysisModelling and Analysis09330933
• Grounded Theory - concept hierarchies (affinity diagrams, issues and topics)
• Work Models - contextual design (flow, sequence, culture, artefact, physical)
• (Personal) Construct Theories• Psychographics - demographics and
lifestyle preferences• Business Models - P/L, branding etc.
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Context RepresentationsContext Representations09350935
Beyer and Holtzblatt’s
Work Models
Contextual Design,
www.incent.co
m
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Generating DesignsGenerating Designs 09400940
• Envisionment Scenarios • Vision Document, Contextual Design• credible narrative of existing and
envisaged• who, what, where, when, why?
• Domain Analysis (OO Methods)• use cases become navigation routes• information structure becomes
information architecture
COMM1P
• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Grounding DesignsGrounding Designs09420942
• Design first, ground later • Specify design, then link back to context
models• Identify unreferenced context and
ungrounded design features
• Most designs will involve both generating and grounding
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
TutorialsTutorials 09440944
• Until groups are formed, Mondays• EC: 1100-1230• ECA: 1300-1430• For Monday, think about
• Desirable attributes of web-sites (-ities)• Design Archaeology
– why is this object the way it is?– Stakeholders, activities, usage
environments
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
BreakBreak 09500950
• 10 minutes
• Please do be back on time
• Contexts of internet, intranets and extranets?• How do internets, intranets and
extranets differ on their stakeholders, activities and environments?
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Recommended BooksRecommended Books
• Nielsen, J.• Designing Web Usability
• Spool, J. et al.• Web Site Usability
• Donnelly, V.• Designing Easy to Use Websites
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
InTERnet or InTRAnet? InTERnet or InTRAnet? 10001000
• employees vs. customers
• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet
• Stakeholders: primary
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
InTERnet or InTRAnet? InTERnet or InTRAnet? 10031003
• Customer-centred vs. employee-centred?
• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet
• Stakeholder needs for information/activities
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
InTERnet or InTRAnet? InTERnet or InTRAnet? 10061006
• needs vs. wants
• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet
• Mandatory vs. Discretionary
• Activity property
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
InTERnet or InTRAnet? InTERnet or InTRAnet? 10141014
• Hundreds of Pages vs. Thousands
• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet
• Domain: Information range
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
InTERnet or InTRAnet? InTERnet or InTRAnet? 10161016
• Browser, network speed, typefaces, display size, plug-ins, applications, known upgrade paths and timescales
• predictable vs. unpredictable
• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet
• Environment: technical
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
InTERnet or InTRAnet? InTERnet or InTRAnet? 10191019
• Information structure
• organisation vs. customer-centred?
• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet
• Domain: information structure
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
InTERnet or InTRAnet? InTERnet or InTRAnet? 10211021
• Jargon and acronyms vs. plain language
• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet
• Stakeholders: language needs
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
InTERnet or InTRAnet? InTERnet or InTRAnet? 10231023
• Business model
• third-party revenue vs. no revenue
• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet
• Stakeholders: management, goals and needs
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
InTERnet or InTRAnet? InTERnet or InTRAnet? 10261026
• create vs. reduce
• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet
• Activities: expected changes in context
• Stakeholders: impact
COMM1P
• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
InTERnet or InTRAnet?InTERnet or InTRAnet?10291029
• Internal testing vs. competitive testing• stakeholders: developers
• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet• and so on
• regular vs. irregular usage (stakeholders)• knowledgeable vs. anything
(stakeholders)• fixed home vs. anything (environment:
technical)
COMM1P
• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
ExtranetsExtranets 10311031
• More like inTERnet or inTRAnet?
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
Content 1: ReminderContent 1: Reminder10331033
• Human-Computer Interaction for the WebContext Research,
• Usability Engineering
• Information Architecture
• Conceptual Functionality
• Navigation Structures, Display Design, Interaction Techniques
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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001
SummarySummary 10351035
• Context reseach, modelling and analysis• loosely structured
• opportunistic
• precious
• limited
• essential