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AFTER THE CRUSADES INTRODUCED EUROPE TO THE SPICES AND RICHES

OF AFRICA AND ASIA SEVERAL COUNTRIES

DESIRED A MORE DIRECT ROUTE SINCE THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

CONTROLLED THE TRADE ROUTES AND PRICES.

SPAIN, PORTUGAL, ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND

THE NETHERLANDS BEGAN SEARCHING FOR NEW ROUTES VIA THE

OCEAN.

SEARCHING FOR A SHORTCUT

How to get from Europe to Asia quickly?

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REASONS FOR

EUROPEAN EXPANSION

MOREWEALTH

SPREADCHRISTIANITY

MORE TERRITORY

EXPANDTRADE

EXPLORE THE WORLD

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NEW TECHNOLOGY: COMPASS

GLOBERUDDER

IMPROVED SHIP BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND DESIGNQUADRANT (IMPROVED ABILITY TO DETERMINE

LATITUDE BASED ON ALTITUDE OF STARS)MAPS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES

New Technology enabled explorers to seek out and search for new better and quicker routes

1543 GLOBE

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SPANISH EXPLORATION

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, AN ITALIAN NAVIGATOR,

CONVINCED THE KING AND QUEEN OF SPAIN TO FUND AN EXPEDITION TO FIND A WESTERN ROUTE TO THE

RICHES OF ASIA.THE PORTUGUESE HAD

SAILED THE ROUTE AROUND AFRICA AND

THEREFORE DOMINATED THE EASTERN ROUTE.

AT THE TIME MAPS OF THE WORLD DID NOT INCLUDE

THE AMERICAS.

Columbus’s Arrival• 1492• Landed on an island in the Carribbean• Thought he was in India• Called the people “Indios”• Claimed the island he Landed on and named itSan Salvador• Died thinking he had foundIndia

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Columbus impact on natives:• Enslaved them• Disease (mumps, measles, chicken pox, small

pox, typhusImpact on Africans:• Loss of native work force led to settlers bringing

in Africans to help• Led to slavery and 10 millions slaves being

brought over.Impact on Europeans:• Mass Migrations• Columbian Exchange

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SPAIN LED THE EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION OF THE AMERICAS

HERNAN CORTES CONQUERED THE AZTECS OF MEXICO

FRANCISCO PIZARRO CONQUERED THE INCAS OF PERU

THE QUEST FOR RICHES DROVE THE SPANISH TO ENSLAVE THE NATIVE POPULATION TO MINE FOR GOLD AND SILVER, WHILE A DESIRE TO CONVERT NATIVES TO CATHOLICISM LED TO THE BUILDING OF MISSIONS

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THE FIRST ENGLISH ARRIVED IN THE “NEW WORLD” AND ESTABLISHED A COLONY

Jamestown 16071st permanent settlement in U.S.

Captain John Smith

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ECONOMIC, RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FACTORS

TOBACCO PLAYED A TREMENDOUS ROLE IN THE SUCCESS OF THE COLONY AS IT YIELDED HUGE PROFITS WHEN SOLD IN EUROPE

LAND WAS USED AS AN INCENTIVE TO ATTRACT SETTLERSRELIGIOUS STRIFE BETWEEN CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS

LED TO MASS MIGRATIONS OF BOTH GROUPS TO DIFFERENT COLONIES

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS FOR THE AVERAGE ENGLISHMAN BECAME EVEN TOUGHER WITH THE INFUSION OF NEW RICHES INTO THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY BY THE SPANISH

HOW DID THE ENGLISH COLONIES BECOME SO successful?

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The First Colony: THE PILGRIMS, RELIGIOUS SEPARATISTS FROM THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND, SAILED ON THE MAYFLOWER AND LANDED AT

PLYMOUTH ROCK IN MASSACHUSETTS IN 1620=Thanksgiving

Puritans soon followed: a more severe, stricter version of the Separatists

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RELIGION WAS THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND THE CREATION OF THE NEW ENGLAND

COLONIES

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NEW HAMPSHIRE, MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND, CONNECTICUT

LONG, COLD WINTERS AS WELL AS MOUNTAINS DID NOT ALLOW FOR LARGE-SCALE FARMING

MOST SETTLERS CAME FROM ENGLAND MAIN INDUSTRIES WERE LUMBERING,

SHIPBUILDING, FISHING, IRON WORKS, AND WOOL PRODUCTION

MOST VILLAGES AND TOWNS WERE NEAR HARBORS

OVERVIEW OF THE NORTHERN COLONIES

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KING CHARLES II GAVE AWAY THE MIDDLE COLONIES AS GIFTS TO FAMILY AND FRIENDS

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NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA, DELAWARE

ETHNICALLY DIVERSE, ESPECIALLY ALONG THE HUDSON RIVER

BUSY SHIPPING PORTSLUSH FARMLAND LED TO GRAIN AND LIVESTOCK

PRODUCTION LIKE WHEAT AND RYE, BEEF AND PORKCOTTAGE INDUSTRIES WERE WEAVING, SHOEMAKING,

CABINET MAKING, AND OTHER ARTISAN CRAFTS

OVERVIEW OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES

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LARGE SCALE FARMING DOMINATED THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

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SOUTHERN PLANTATIONS

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AFRICANS CRAMMED

ONTO A SHIP FOR

TRANSPORT TO BECOME

SLAVES

The Middle Passage

Open book to page 32

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MARYLAND, VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA

THE ECONOMY WAS BASED ON THE LARGE SCALE CASH CROPS OF TOBACCO, RICE, AND INDIGO

CLASS DIVISION BETWEEN VERY WEALTHY AND POOR

RELIANT ON SLAVE LABOR

OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

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THE ENLIGHTENMENT INFLUENCED THE COLONISTS

JOHN LOCKE ARGUED THAT PEOPLE POSSESSED NATURAL RIGHTS SUCH AS LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY. HE BELIEVED THE PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT WAS TO PROTECT THOSE RIGHTS.

Believed that a social contract existed between people and government

People gave consent to be governed, in return people had right to overturn government

COLONIAL LEADERS BELIEVED THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT VIOLATED THESE IDEALS AND DISCUSSED STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE OPPRESSION OF KING GEORGE III

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THE GREAT AWAKENING

• A series of religious revivals aimed at restoring the intensity and dedication of the early Puritan church that swept through the colonies in early 1700’s

STRESSED INDIVIDUAL RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE RATHER THAN NEEDING CHURCH LEADERS TO CONNECT WITH GOD.

Challenged the authority of established churches.New churches popping up everywhere

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FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754-1763

BOTH FRANCE AND ENGLAND WANTED TO EXPAND THEIR TERRITORY WEST OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS INTO THE OHIO VALLEY

French built a fort on British landThe British tried to evict them but failed.A 22 yr. old G. Washington led a militia

to evict them but failed. Was crushedHe wend in again with 1500 soldiers and

were ambushed by French and Indians.2 horses shot out from him and 4 bullet holes through his clothes